Microwave-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and antimicrobial activity of novel 2-(3-aryl,1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-4-ones

Advances in the site-selective C-5, C-3 and C-2 functionalization of chromones via sp2 C-H activation

In this work, site-selective C-H activation at C-5, C-3 and C-2 positions of chromones for the introduction of structural diversity to the chromone scaffold was studied. The keto group of the chromone moiety acts as the directing group for the selective functionalization of chromones at the C-5 position. Furthermore, the C-H functionalization at the electron-rich C-3 position of the chromone can be achieved using electrophilic coupling partners. The C-H functionalization at the C-2 position can be possible using nucleophilic coupling partners. The direct functionalization methods provide a better pathway for the generation of C-5, C-3 and C-2-substituted chromones with good atom economy than that of classical pre-functionalized reaction protocols.

Chromone a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Developments on the Synthesis and Bioactivity

Chromones are the class of secondary metabolites broadly occurred in the plant kingdom in a noticeable quantity. This rigid bicyclic system has been categorized "as privileged scaffolds in compounds" in medicinal chemistry. The wide biological responses made them an important moiety in a drug discovery program. This review provides updates on the various methods of synthesis of chromones and biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Various synthetic strategies for the construction of chromones include readily available phenols, salicylic acid and its derivatives, ynones, chalcones, enaminones, chalcones and 2-hydroxyarylalkylketones as starting materials. Synthesis of chromones by using metal, metal free, nanomaterials and different catalysts are included. Details of diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer agents, antimicrobial agents, anti-viral property, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B) Inhibitors, anti-Alzheimer's agents, anti-diabetic agent, antihistaminic potential, antiplatelet agents of chromone derivatives are diecussed.

Microwave-assisted synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of new coumarin-based 1,2,3-triazoles

Coumarin-based 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized using a highly efficient, eco-friendly protocol via a copper(i)-catalyzed click reaction between various substituted arylazides and terminal alkynes. The synthetic route was easy to access and gave excellent yields under microwave irradiation conditions compared to the conventional heating route. The structures of all the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; among all compounds, 8a, 8j, 8k and 8l exhibited better results with respect to standard drugs. Furthermore, molecular docking studies have been carried out with PDB IDs 2VCX (anti-inflammatory), 3VXI (antioxidant), 4GEE (antimicrobial) and 2XFH (antifungal) using the Glide module of the Schrödinger suite. The final compounds 8d, 8e, 8h, and 8k showed the highest hydrogen bond interactions with His-88 and Val-191 proteins and with water in all the proteins.

Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Coumarin-Tagged β-Lactam Triazole Hybrid

A series of coumarin-tagged β-lactam triazole hybrids (10a-10o) were synthesized and tested for their cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast cancer), MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (ER+)) and A549 (human lung carcinoma) cancer cell lines including one normal cell line, HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney). Two compounds 10b and 10d exhibited substantial cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 53.55 and 58.62 μm, respectively. More importantly, compounds 10b and 10d were non-cytotoxic against HEK-293 cell lines. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggested that the nitro and chloro group at the C-3 position of phenyl ring are favorable for anticancer activity, particularly against MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, antimicrobial evaluation of these compounds revealed modest inhibition of examined pathogenic strains with compounds 10c and 10i being the most promising antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, respectively.

Synthesis, nematocidal activity and docking study of novel chiral 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives

A series of novel chiral fluorinated pyrazole carboxamides derivatives were designed and synthesized. All these title compounds were confirmed by NMR and MS. The primarily nematocidal activity results indicated that some of them exhibited good control efficacy against the tomato root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita. The docking results indicated that compound 5n interact with amino acid residue Tyr 121, Trp 279 of AchE via hydrogen bond.