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Vázquez-Barrios V, Boege K, Sosa-Fuentes TG, Rojas P, Wegier A. Ongoing ecological and evolutionary consequences by the presence of transgenes in a wild cotton population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1959. [PMID: 33479296 PMCID: PMC7820435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After 25 years of genetically modified cotton cultivation in Mexico, gene flow between transgenic individuals and their wild relatives represents an opportunity for analysing the impacts of the presence of novel genes in ecological and evolutionary processes in natural conditions. We show comprehensive empirical evidence on the physiological, metabolic, and ecological effects of transgene introgression in wild cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. We report that the expression of both the cry and cp4-epsps genes in wild cotton under natural conditions altered extrafloral nectar inducibility and thus, its association with different ant species: the dominance of the defensive species Camponotus planatus in Bt plants, the presence of cp4-epsps without defence role of Monomorium ebeninum ants, and of the invasive species Paratrechina longicornis in wild plants without transgenes. Moreover, we found an increase in herbivore damage to cp4-epsps plants. Our results reveal the influence of transgene expression on native ecological interactions. These findings can be useful in the design of risk assessment methodologies for genetically modified organisms and the in situ conservation of G. hirsutum metapopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vázquez-Barrios
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico ,grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Boege
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania Gabriela Sosa-Fuentes
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Rojas
- grid.452507.10000 0004 1798 0367Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Ana Wegier
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Xu H, Wang X, Chi G, Tan B, Wang J. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Genetic Engineering on Induced Volatile Organic Compounds Emission in Maize and the Attractiveness to a Parasitic Wasp. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:160. [PMID: 31355192 PMCID: PMC6635655 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to control lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, the genes expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins have been transferred into crops. Ecological risk assessments of the transgenic plants have included impacts on non-target entomophagous insects, such as parasitoid wasps. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles are considered to be important defensive traits of plants because these compounds play as an important role in recruitment of natural enemies. Here, we evaluated induced volatile emissions of maize seedlings of two Bt cultivars (5422Bt1, event Bt11 and 5422CBCL, event Mon810), and their nearly isogenic non-Bt line 5422. We damaged plants mechanically and then applied with the regurgitant of Spodoptera litura (F.) caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), or treated the plants with the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA), to trigger similar defensive responses of plants. Compared to the non-Bt isoline 5422 and the Bt maize 5422CBCL, the other Bt maize 5422Bt1 released more (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) when they were all treated by artificial wounds and caterpillar regurgitant; and released more linalool, DMNT and (E)-β-farnesene when applied with JA solution. As a result, the total volatile emission of the 5422Bt1 was highest. However, the difference in volatile emission did not affect the attractiveness of the Bt maize plants to the egg parasitoid Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) compared to the nearly isogenic non-Bt plants. The variability of induced volatiles of maize cultivars derived from conventional breeding programs and transgenic methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingchang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pinto-Zevallos DM, Pareja M, Ambrogi BG. Current knowledge and future research perspectives on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) chemical defenses: An agroecological view. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 130:10-21. [PMID: 27316676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. It constitutes the major source of carbohydrates for millions of low-income people living in rural areas, as well as a cash crop for smallholders in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations predicts that cassava plantations will increase and production systems will intensify in the future, highlighting the need for developing strategies that improve the sustainability of production. Plant chemical defenses hold the potential for developing pest management strategies, as these plant traits can influence the behavior and performance of both pests and beneficial arthropods. Cassava plants are well-defended and produce a number of compounds involved in direct defense, such as cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycoumarins. In addition, volatile organic compounds induced upon herbivory and the secretion of extrafloral nectar act as indirect defense against herbivores by recruiting natural enemies. Here, cassava chemical defenses against pest arthropods are reviewed, with the aim of identifying gaps in our knowledge and areas of research that deserve further investigation for developing sound pest control strategies to improve sustainable production of this crop, and how these defenses can be used to benefit other crops. Cyanogenic content in cassava is also highly toxic to humans, and can cause irreversible health problems even at sub-lethal doses when consumed over prolonged periods. Therefore, the promotion of chemical defense in this crop should not aggravate these problems, and must be accompanied with the education on processing methods that reduce human exposure to cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia M Pinto-Zevallos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Martín Pareja
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6109, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca G Ambrogi
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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Strapasson P, Pinto-Zevallos DM, Da Silva Gomes SM, Zarbin PHG. Volatile Organic Compounds Induced by Herbivory of the Soybean Looper Chrysodeixis includens in Transgenic Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean and the Behavioral Effect on the Parasitoid, Meteorus rubens. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:806-813. [PMID: 27580612 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic soybean plants (RR) engineered to express resistance to glyphosate harbor a variant of the enzyme EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) involved in the shikimic acid pathway, the biosynthetic route of three aromatic amino acids: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. The insertion of the variant enzyme CP4 EPSPS confers resistance to glyphosate. During the process of genetic engineering, unintended secondary effects are likely to occur. In the present study, we quantified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted constitutively or induced in response to herbivory by the soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens in transgenic soybean and its isogenic (untransformed) line. Since herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are known to play a role in the recruitment of natural enemies, we assessed whether changes in VOC profiles alter the foraging behavior of the generalist endoparasitic larval parasitoid, Meteorus rubens in the transgenic line. Additionally, we assessed whether there was a difference in plant quality by measuring the weight gain of the soybean looper. In response to herbivory, several VOCs were induced in both the conventional and the transgenic line; however, larger quantities of a few compounds were emitted by transgenic plants. Meteorus rubens females were able to discriminate between the odors of undamaged and C. includens-damaged plants in both lines, but preferred the odors emitted by herbivore-damaged transgenic plants over those emitted by herbivore-damaged conventional soybean plants. No differences were observed in the weight gain of the soybean looper. Our results suggest that VOC-mediated tritrophic interactions in this model system are not negatively affected. However, as the preference of the wasps shifted towards damaged transgenic plants, the results also suggest that genetic modification affects that tritrophic interactions in multiple ways in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Strapasson
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Paraná, P.O. Box 19081, C.E.P. 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Delia M Pinto-Zevallos
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Paraná, P.O. Box 19081, C.E.P. 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Da Silva Gomes
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Paraná, P.O. Box 19081, C.E.P. 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo H G Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Paraná, P.O. Box 19081, C.E.P. 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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