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Vranić S, Vujisić L, Vesović N, Todosijević M, Pantelić D, Pavlović D, Ivanović S, Vasović M, Ćurčić S. The morphology of the pygidial glands and the chemical composition of their secretions of four sphodrine ground beetle species (Carabidae: Platyninae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024:104685. [PMID: 39103089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Ground beetles possess a pair of pygidial glands that produce and release secretions that play an important role in defense against predators. The morphology of these glands and the chemical composition of their products were studied in four species of the tribe Sphodrini: Calathus (Calathus) fuscipes (Goeze, 1777), C. (Neocalathus) cinctus Motschulsky, 1850, C. (N.) melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) elongatus (Dejean, 1828). The morphological analyzes of the glands of the four taxa mentioned were carried out for the first time using bright-field and nonlinear microscopy. All morphological structures were precisely measured and photographed. The pygidial gland secretions of C. (C.) fuscipes and L. (A.) elongatus were analyzed for the first time using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 30 compounds were detected from the extracts of pygidial gland secretions of the four Sphodrini species studied. The simplest chemical mixture was found in L. (A.) elongatus, while the most complex secretion was that of C. (C.) fuscipes. 1-Undecanol, which we were able to detect in all taxa examined here, and dodecyl butyrate, which was detected in the three Calathus species, have never before been detected in the secretions of ground beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Vranić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nikola Vesović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Todosijević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Ivanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Vasović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Negoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Muñoz-Santiago J, Ortuño VM. Sexual dimorphism of Dyschiriini (Coleoptera, Carabidae): Comparative morphological SEM study of palpi sensilla and its possible role in intraspecific chemical communication. Micron 2024; 183:103659. [PMID: 38776569 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in Dyschiriini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) consists of the presence of an autapomorphic sensory area in apical palpomeres of males, here named as Male Palpi Sensory Area (MPSA). In this work, microstructure of palpi, with focus on MPSA, is characterized and formally described using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Interspecific variability among 13 species and three subgenera of Dyschirius Bonelli, 1810 and one species of Reicheiodes Ganglbauer, 1891 is assessed. Palpi of studied Dyschiriini presented up to 4 sensilla classes (coeloconica, basiconica, digitiformia, trichodea) in both sexes, while males had one more class (sensilla placodea) found grouped in MPSA. Measurements of sensilla and MPSA are provided. Differences among taxa corresponded to development grade of MPSA and its number of sensilla placodea. The MPSA of Dyschirius (Dyschirius) thoracicus Rossi, 1790 were clearly different to the rest of the studied subgenera and species of Dyschirius and Reicheiodes, whose MPSA were similar and had slight intraspecific variability. We suggest that function of MPSA is likely detection of female pheromones, which would evidence chemical communication between sexes. We hypothesize that evolution of MPSA could be related to burrowing habits of Dyschiriini and its possible sexual behavior in soil tunnels. Study of MPSA may help to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among members of the tribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Muñoz-Santiago
- Research Team on Soil Biology and Subterranean Ecosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá (UAH), A.P. 20, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain.
| | - Vicente M Ortuño
- Research Team on Soil Biology and Subterranean Ecosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá (UAH), A.P. 20, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain.
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Vesović N, Nenadić M, Vranić S, Vujisić L, Milinčić KM, Todosijević M, Dimkić I, Janakiev T, Ćurčić NB, Stevanović N, Mihajlović L, Vukoičić DŽ, Ćurčić S. The chemical composition of the secretions, their antibacterial activity, and the pygidial gland morphology of selected European Carabini ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pygidial glands of carabids produce strong-smelling vapours. In this study, we examined the chemical composition of the gland secretions and the structure of the glands in five species of Carabini ground beetles (one species from the subtribe Calosomatina and four species from the subtribe Carabina): Calosoma (Calosoma) maderae (Fabricius, 1775), Carabus (Carabus) granulatus Linnaeus, 1758, C. (Limnocarabus) clathratus Linnaeus, 1760, C. (Carabus) ulrichii Germar, 1823, and C. (Procerus) gigas Creutzer, 1799. Additionally, we tested the antibacterial potential of the pygidial gland secretions of the two latter species against 11 bacterial strains. In order to detect the chemical content of the secretions, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The secretion extracts were applied against selected strains of medically important bacteria. We used bright-field microscopy to examine the morphology of the glands. We discovered a total of 11 chemical compounds in the pygidial gland extracts of the ground beetles we analysed. Ten of these compounds were identified as seven carboxylic acids, two hydrocarbons, and one aromatic aldehyde, while one chemical remained unidentified. Most of the components were isolated from the secretion of C. (L.) clathratus (nine), while the lowest number of compounds was found in C. (P.) gigas (two). Methacrylic acid was the most dominant compound by percentage in all five species, while angelic acid was also detected in all samples. As expected, salicylaldehyde was exclusively found in the species of the genus Calosoma Weber, 1801. The secretion of C. (P.) gigas was shown to achieve the highest level of antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and S. typhimurium (even the same level as the positive control streptomycin), while the secretion of C. (C.) ulrichii achieved the highest antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The most noticeable difference in the structure of the glands between the two genera is that the reservoir in Calosoma is more significantly narrowed as it leads into the efferent duct, compared to that of Carabus.
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On the Diversity of Semiochemicals of the Pygidial Gland Secretions of Subterranean Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pygidial glands are of great importance to ground beetles for defense against predators, especially for the species that live in subterranean habitats. The purpose of our study is to better understand the chemistry of the pygidial gland secretions of subterranean ground beetles, as well as the function and structure of the glands. We studied both the chemical composition of the pygidial gland secretion and morphology of the glands in adults of the troglophilic ground beetle species Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) cavicola (Schaum, 1858). The chemical composition of its defensive secretion was revealed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while pygidial gland morphology of the beetle was investigated using bright-field microcopy. In total, seven chemical compounds were detected in the secretion mixture. Formic acid was the most dominant compound, followed by dodecyl acetate and undecane. Other chemicals were present in minor amounts. The morphological structure of the pygidial glands of L. (A.) cavicola was compared with the structure of the glands of the related congeneric troglophilic species Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus (Dejean, 1828). Summary data on the semiochemicals that have been recorded so far in subterranean ground beetle species are presented, and the differences in the chemical composition of the secretions between and among troglobitic and troglophilic species are discussed. So far, forty-four compounds have been detected in four subterranean ground beetle species (two troglobites belonging to the tribe Trechini and two troglophiles belonging to the tribe Sphodrini). The results of this study indicate the great diversity of chemicals in the pygidial gland secretions of subterranean ground beetles.
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Vesović N, Nenadić M, Soković M, Ćirić A, Vujisić L, Todosijević M, Stevanović N, Perić-Mataruga V, Ilijin L, Ćurčić S. Pygidial glands of the blue ground beetle Carabus intricatus: chemical composition of the secretion and its antimicrobial activity. Naturwissenschaften 2022; 109:19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-022-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vranić S, Vujisić L, Vesović N, Jeremić M, Pantelić D, Todosijević M, Pavlović D, Ćurčić NB, Radovanović M, Petrović MD, Ćurčić S. Secretions of Pygidial Defensive Glands in Three Species of the Genus Bembidion (Carabidae), and Morphology of Pygidial Glands in B. (Peryphanes) dalmatinum. ANN ZOOL FENN 2022. [DOI: 10.5735/086.059.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Vranić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vesović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Jeremić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, RS-11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Todosijević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, RS-11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina B. Ćurčić
- Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Đure Jakšića 9, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Radovanović
- Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Đure Jakšića 9, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko D. Petrović
- Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Đure Jakšića 9, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, RS-11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Vranić S, Vesović N, Vujisić L, Pavlović D, Pantelić D, Todosijević M, Ćurčić S. Pygidial glands of three ground beetle taxa (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae): a study on their morphology and chemical composition of their secretions. ZOOLOGY 2021; 148:125948. [PMID: 34343745 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphology of the pygidial glands and chemical compositions of their secretion were analysed in the adults of three selected ground beetle taxa. Secretions of pygidial glands of Cychrus (Cychrus) semigranosus, Patrobus atrorufus and Pterostichus (Platysma) niger were chemically tested. Additionally, pygidial glands of the latter two species were investigated using bright-field microscopy and nonlinear microscopy and morphological features of the glands were described in detail. Both C. (C.) semigranosus and P. atrorufus were studied for the first time in terms of chemical ecology, while the latter species was analysed for the first time in terms of pygidial gland morphology. Altogether, eight compounds were detected in the dichloromethane extracts of the pygidial gland secretions of the three ground beetle taxa analysed. The simplest secretion mixtures were present in C. (C.) semigranosus and P. atrorufus (with two compounds each), while the extract of P. (P.) niger contained five compounds. The presence of 1-tetradecanol in the secretion of P. (P.) niger represents the first finding of this compound from the pygidial gland secretion extracts of ground beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Vranić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vesović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Marina Todosijević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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Pygidial Glands in Carabidae, an Overview of Morphology and Chemical Secretion. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060562. [PMID: 34203641 PMCID: PMC8232188 DOI: 10.3390/life11060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator community structure is an important selective element shaping the evolution of prey defence traits and strategies. Carabid beetles are one of the most diverse families of Coleoptera, and their success in terrestrial ecosystems is related to considerable morphological, physiological, and behavioural adaptations that provide protection against predators. Their most common form of defence is the chemical secretion from paired abdominal pygidial glands that produce a heterogeneous set of carboxylic acids, quinones, hydrocarbons, phenols, aldehydes, and esters. This review attempts to update and summarise what is known about the pygidial glands, with particular reference to the morphology of the glands and the biological function of the secretions.
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Vranić S, Ćurčić S, Vesović N, Mandić B, Pantelić D, Vasović M, Lazović V, Zhang W, Vujisić L. Chemistry and morphology of the pygidial glands in four Pterostichini ground beetle taxa (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae). ZOOLOGY 2020; 142:125772. [PMID: 32688245 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Morphology of the pygidial glands and chemical composition of their secretions in adults of four ground beetle representatives of the Pterostichini tribe (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were analysed. Molops (Stenochoromus) montenegrinus, Pterostichus (Cophosus) cylindricus, P. (Feronidius) melas and P. (Pseudomaseus) nigrita were chemically tested, while the latter three species were morphologically investigated. Pterostichus (C.) cylindricus, P. (P.) nigrita and M. (S.) montenegrinus were chemically studied for the first time. Altogether, 23 chemical compounds were isolated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), of which some are new for Pterostichini or even Carabidae. Methacrylic acid was present in all species analysed. It was predominant in the secretion extract of P. (C.) cylindricus and P. (F.) melas. Isobutyric and 2-methylbutyric acids were the major components in the secretion of M. (S.) montenegrinus. Undecane, methacrylic and tiglic acids were the main components in the secretion of P. (P.) nigrita. The simplest chemical mixture was found in P. (C.) cylindricus (two compounds), while the most complex one was detected in P. (P.) nigrita (15 compounds). No significant differences in the chemical composition of the pygidial gland secretions were evidenced in P. (C.) cylindricus sampled from the same area and in the same season in two different years. Morphology of the pygidial glands of the studied species was analysed for the first time. Morphological features of the pygidial glands were observed using bright-field microscopy and nonlinear microscopy and described in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Vranić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srećko Ćurčić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vesović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Mandić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Physics, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Marija Vasović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lazović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Physics, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Ljubodrag Vujisić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Vesović N, Ćurčić S, Todosijević M, Nenadić M, Zhang W, Vujisić L. Pygidial gland secretions of Carabus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Carabidae): chemicals released by three species. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-019-00298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vesović N, Vujisić L, Perić-Mataruga V, Krstić G, Nenadić M, Cvetković M, Ilijin L, Stanković J, Ćurčić S. Chemical secretion and morpho-histology of the pygidial glands in two Palaearctic predatory ground beetle species:Carabus(Tomocarabus)convexusandC. (Procrustes)coriaceus(Coleoptera: Carabidae). J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1293183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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