1
|
Jaiswal V, Batra N, Dagar M, Butey S, Huang H, Chia JE, Naz S, Endurance EO, Raj N, Patel S, Maroo D, Ang SP, Hanif M, Mukherjee D, Sarfraz Z, Shrestha AB, Song D. Inflammatory bowel disease and associated cardiovascular disease outcomes: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32775. [PMID: 36820570 PMCID: PMC9907938 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited and conflicting data available regarding the cardiovascular disease outcomes associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVE We aim to perform a systematic review to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes and mortality associated with IBD patients. METHODS A systematic literature search has been performed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus from inception till May 2022 without any language restrictions. RESULTS A total of 2,029,941 patients were included in the analysis from 16 studies. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years. More females were found compared with males (57% vs 43%). The most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) included smoking (24.19%) and alcohol (4.60%). The most common comorbidities includes hypertension (30%), diabetes mellitus (14.41%), dyslipidemia (18.42%), previous CVD (22%), and renal disease (10%). Among outcomes, all-cause mortality among IBD patients was 1.66%; ulcerative colitis (UC): 15.92%; and Crohn disease (CD): 0.30%. Myocardial Infarction (MI) among IBD patients were 1.47%, UC: 30.96%; and CD: 34.14%. CVD events among IBD patients were 1.95%. Heart failure events among IBD patients were 5.49%, stroke events among IBD patients were 0.95%, UC: 2.63%, and CD: 2.41%, respectively. CONCLUSION IBD patients are at higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, especially in women. Although there remains a lack of concrete treatment algorithms and assessment parameters that better characterize IBD risk factors, nutritional modifications and physical activity should be at the forefront of CVD prevention in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitya Batra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Mehak Dagar
- Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Science, Dehradun, India
| | - Swatika Butey
- Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | - Helen Huang
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jia Ee Chia
- Department of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sidra Naz
- Department of Gastroenterology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Nishchita Raj
- Department of Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Srushti Patel
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dipansha Maroo
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Song Peng Ang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ
| | | | - Dattatreya Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, India
| | - Zouina Sarfraz
- Research and Publication, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abhigan Babu Shrestha
- M Abdur Rahim Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
- * Correspondence: Vikash Jaiswal, JCCR Cardiology Research, Varanasi 221005, India (e-mail: )
| | - David Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marinelli C, Zingone F, Lupo MG, Marin R, D’Incà R, Gubbiotti A, Massimi D, Casadei C, Barberio B, Ferri N, Savarino E. Serum Levels of PCSK9 Are Increased in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis Representing a Potential Biomarker of Disease Activity: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:787-793. [PMID: 34560758 PMCID: PMC9988229 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/GOAL Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive course, with potential extraintestinal complications including cardiovascular mortality. Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels have been recently recognized as biomarkers of low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate PCSK9 levels in patients with UC and different degrees of disease activity. METHODS We prospectively recruited consecutive patients with UC attending our center at the University Hospital of Padua. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical data, including PCSK9, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin, were recorded. Moreover, endoscopic procedures were performed in all subjects. RESULTS We included 112 patients with UC (mean age=52.62±12.84 y; 52.62% males). Patients with UC and abnormal fecal calprotectin (≥250 µg/g) and/or C-reactive protein (≥3 mg/L) had greater levels of PCSK9 compared with UC patients with normal fecal calprotectin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P =0.03 and 0.005, respectively). Higher endoscopic scores in UC were characterized by greater levels of PCSK9 ( P =0.03). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between PCSK9 levels and fecal calprotectin ( r =0.18, P =0.04), endoscopic Mayo Score ( r =0.25, P =0.007), and UC-Riley Index ( r =0.22, P =0.01). We also found a positive correlation between PCSK9 levels and both total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values ( P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum PCSK9 levels are increased in patients with biochemical and endoscopic evidence of active disease in UC. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate the role of PCSK9 as a potential biomarker of disease activity and cardiovascular risk in UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marinelli
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| | | | | | - Renata D’Incà
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| | - Alessandro Gubbiotti
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| | - Davide Massimi
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| | - Cesare Casadei
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| | | | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Section, Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Correlation of left ventricular wall thickness, heart mass, serological parameters and late gadolinium enhancement in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial inflammation in an experimental animal model of autoimmune myocarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 28:1983-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-012-0020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
4
|
Sridhar ARM, Parasa S, Navaneethan U, Crowell MD, Olden K. Comprehensive study of cardiovascular morbidity in hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Crohns Colitis 2011; 5:287-94. [PMID: 21683298 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The full extent of cardiovascular morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively study the association of different cardiovascular diseases in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using a large database. METHODS We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to perform a cross-sectional study. The study group was defined as all hospitalized patients between ages 18-60 years included in the NIS 2006 database with a discharge diagnosis of IBD, as per the International Classification of Diseases - Clinical Modification, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM) codes. Individuals in the same age group whose hospital discharge records did not note IBD were identified as the control group. Cardiovascular diseases, identified by the ICD-9-CM codes, were studied comprehensively for their association with IBD using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios were calculated adjusting for relevant patient comorbidities. RESULTS IBD was found to be strongly associated with mesenteric ischemia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9-4.0) and venous thrombotic diseases (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.25-1.53). Age and gender stratified analysis revealed that IBD is positively associated with dysrhythmias in females aged 18-39 years (aOR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.72-2.44). We did not find an increased risk of other cardiovascular diseases in IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study substantiates the previously reported associations of mesenteric ischemia and venous thrombotic disorders with IBD. Our study also suggests that young females with IBD might have an increased risk for dysrhythmias.
Collapse
|