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Ding X, Lin Q, Zhao J, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Mo R, Zhang L, Zhang B, Chen J, Xie T, Wu H, Ding Y. Synonymous mutations in TLR2 and TLR9 genes decrease COPD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Pulmonology 2024; 30:230-238. [PMID: 37585174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have found associations between polymorphisms in some candidate genes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. However, the association between TLR2 and TLR9 polymorphisms and COPD risk remains uncertain. METHODS Four variants (rs352140, rs3804099, rs3804100, and rs5743705) of the TLR2 and TLR9 genes in 540 COPD patients and 507 healthy controls were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY system. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association of TLR2 and TLR9 polymorphisms with COPD risk by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS TLR9-rs352140, TLR2-rs3804100, and TLR2-rs5743705 were related to a lower risk of COPD among Chinese people and the significance still existed after Bonferroni correction. Additionally, rs3804099, rs3804100, and rs352140 were found to be associated with COPD development in different subgroups (males, age ≤ 68 years, smokers, BMI < 24 kg/m2, and acute exacerbation). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that TLR9 and TLR2 polymorphisms had protective effects on the development of COPD among Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Q Lin
- Department of General Practice, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - R Mo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of General Practice, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China
| | - T Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China.
| | - H Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China.
| | - Y Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China; Department of General Practice, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, China.
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Sharma A, Kashyap SS, Kajal NC, Malhotra B, Singh J, Kaur M. Association of mannose binding lectin with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility and its clinical outcomes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8145-8161. [PMID: 37558798 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological interactions of MBL suggest its contribution towards the pathogenesis of COPD. OBJECTIVE The present case-control study was undertaken to elucidate the role of MBL with COPD risk and clinical outcomes in north Indian cohort. METHODS Patients were enrolled as per GOLD criteria. MBL2 variants were selected based on the literature and their putative functional significance. Genotyping of six single nucleotide polymorphisms of MBL2 comprising of two coding (rs1800450, rs1800451) and four non-coding variants (rs11003125, rs7096206, rs11003123 and rs7095891) was done by using PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR. Serum MBL levels were analysed by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Overall findings of the molecular genetic analysis of MBL2 indicated significant difference in frequency of three of the six studied variants, between patients and controls or among different disease severity stages. Heterozygous genotype of rs7095891 showed significant protective association towards severity of disease. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated a strong LD between rs1800450 and rs7095891 while intermediate LD was observed for rs11003123/rs11003125 and rs7096206/rs11003125. Haplotype analysis revealed 17.14-fold risk of developing exacerbations conferred by GGGTGG haplotype. Significantly low serum MBL levels observed in COPD patients as compared to controls. Significant difference in MBL deficiency levels were also observed for homozygous wild and variant genotypes of rs11003125 and rs7096206 respectively, as well as for all genotypes of rs11003123 than respective controls. CONCLUSION The present study reinforces the role played by MBL in the susceptibility, protection and clinical outcomes of COPD. Therefore, including the reported associations at diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic interventions may prove helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Pb, 143005, India
| | - Shreya Singh Kashyap
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Pb, 143005, India
| | - Nirmal Chand Kajal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Pb, 143001, India
| | - Balbir Malhotra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Pb, 143001, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Pb, 143005, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Pb, 143005, India.
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Sun S, Shen Y, Feng J. Association of toll-like receptors polymorphisms with COPD risk in Chinese population. Front Genet 2022; 13:955810. [PMID: 36386838 PMCID: PMC9643488 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.955810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported that the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are related with the progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to explore the association of TLRs single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and COPD risk. Methods: 170 COPD patients and 181 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. MassARRAY platform was used for genotyping seven tagging SNPs (TLR2: rs3804100, rs4696480, rs3804099; TLR3: rs3775290, rs3775291, rs5743305; TLR9: rs352140) of TLRs. The correlations between the SNPs and COPD risk were determined using logistic regression. Results: We found that the rs3775291 of TLR3 significant decreased the risk of COPD (TT versus CC: non-adjusted OR = 0.329, 95% CI = 0.123-0.879, p = 0.027). In the genetic models analysis, the rs3775291 was associated with a decreased effect of COPD based on the recessive model (TT versus CC/CT: non-adjusted OR = 0.377, 95% CI = 0.144-0.988 p = 0.047). The rs4696480 of TLR2 gene was associated with a decreased risk of COPD after adjustment by age and gender (TA versus AA: adjusted OR = 0.606, 95% CI = 0.376-0.975, p = 0.039). Conclusion: Our study showed that genetic variants in TLRs were associated with risk of COPD. The rs3775291 and rs4696480 may act as a potential biomarker for predicting the risk of COPD in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuehao Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Regulation of T-Helper Immune Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Can Respir J 2021; 2021:5596095. [PMID: 34426754 PMCID: PMC8380179 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective According to modern views, the differences in the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with certain types of T-helper (Th) immune response. Recent data have shown that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is involved in the development of Th immune response. However, TLR2-mediated regulation of Th subpopulation balance in COPD needs to be elucidated. The aim of our work is to determine the mechanisms of TLR2-mediated regulation of Th immune response in COPD of varying severity. Methods The study included 323 smokers/ex-smokers with stable COPD (GOLD I, GOLD II, and GOLD III) and 97 healthy nonsmokers (control group). Serum levels of Th1 (TNF-α and IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4), Th17 (IL-6 and IL-17A), Treg (IL-10) cytokines, and the percentage of peripheral blood Th cells expressing TLR2 (CD4+CD282+) were assessed by flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of IL-21 (Th17) and TGF-β1 (Treg) were measured using the ELISA method. The predominant Th cytokine profile in serum was determined by calculating the ratios between levels of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Spearman's correlation test was performed. Results Patients with COPD GOLD II and III with Th1 and Th17 cytokine profiles exhibited an increase in the percentage of CD4+CD282+ cells compared to the control group. In COPD GOLD I–III, positive correlations between CD4+CD282+ cell frequency and Th17 cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-21) were found. In COPD GOLD I, IL-10 concentration was negatively correlated with the percentages of studied cells; in COPD GOLD II, a positive correlation between these parameters was noted. Conclusions Enhanced TLR2 expression on CD4+ cells shifts cytokine profile toward Th17 phenotype that plays a crucial role in COPD progression. The level of TLR2 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ cells may be considered as a biomarker for diagnosing and predicting the progression of COPD.
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Hlapčić I, Grdić Rajković M, Čeri A, Dabelić S, Popović-Grle S, Radić Antolic M, Knežević J, Försti A, Rumora L. Increased HSP70 and TLR2 Gene Expression and Association of HSP70 rs6457452 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Croatian Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081412. [PMID: 34441346 PMCID: PMC8394658 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) engages Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 when found in the extracellular compartment and contributes to inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Since there is growing evidence for the genetic risk factors for COPD, the gene expression of HSP70, TLR2 and TLR4 was determined, as well as the association between HSP70, TLR2 and TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms, (SNPs) and COPD. The gene expression was assessed in peripheral blood cells of 137 COPD patients and 95 controls by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), while a total of nine SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination real-time PCR. HSP70 and TLR2 gene expression was increased in COPD patients compared to the controls, regardless of the disease severity and smoking status of participants. The rs6457452 SNP of HSP70 was associated with COPD, indicating the protective role of the T allele (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24–0.89, p = 0.022). Furthermore, COPD C/T heterozygotes showed a decreased HSP70 mRNA level compared to COPD C/C homozygotes. In conclusion, HSP70 and TLR2 may have a role in the pathogenesis of COPD, and the HSP70 rs6457452 variant might influence the genetic susceptibility to COPD in the Croatian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hlapčić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
| | - Marija Grdić Rajković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
| | - Andrea Čeri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Popović-Grle
- Clinical Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margareta Radić Antolic
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Asta Försti
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Division of Pediatric Neuroon-Cology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lada Rumora
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.H.); (M.G.R.); (A.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1639-4782; Fax: +385-1461-2716
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Sidletskaya K, Vitkina T, Denisenko Y. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1481-1493. [PMID: 32606656 PMCID: PMC7320879 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s249131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The determination of immune mechanisms of inflammation in the disease presents an important challenge for fundamental medical research. According to modern views, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), among which TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role, are one of the essential components of inflammatory process in COPD. This review focuses on following aspects: the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in the initiation of inflammatory process in COPD; the mechanisms of influence of various exogenous factors (cigarette smoke, suspended particulate matter, and bacteria) on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4; the contribution of these TLRs to the T-helper (Th) immune response development in COPD, in particular to the Th17 immune response, which contributes to the progression of the disease and therapeutic implications of TLR2 and TLR4 in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sidletskaya
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration" - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana Vitkina
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration" - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution "Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration" - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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Li Z, Mao X, Liu Q, Song H, He B, Shi P, Zhang Q, Li X, Wang J. Functional variations of the TLR4 gene in association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31640653 PMCID: PMC6805358 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) share a number of common risk factors, including innate immunity-related genetic factors. In the present study, we compared the role of genetic variations of the TLR4 gene in susceptibility to COPD and PTB and illuminated the underlying molecular mechanism of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods A population-based case control study was performed in a Chinese Han population and included 152 COPD cases, 1601 PTB cases and 1727 controls. Five SNPs in the TLR4 gene (rs10759932, rs2737190, rs7873784, rs11536889, and rs10983755) were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination technology. We estimated the effects of SNPs using the odds ratio (OR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI). Dual-luciferase reporter vectors expressing different genotypes of SNPs were constructed and transfected into the human HEK 293 T cell line to explore their effects on potential transcription activity. Results After Bonferroni correction, the genetic polymorphisms of all five SNPs remained significantly associated with COPD, while rs10759932 and rs2737190 were also associated with PTB. Compared with rs10759932-TT, individuals carrying TC (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28–0.64) or CC (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09–0.63) had a significantly reduced risk of COPD. However, individuals carrying TC (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11–1.49) or CC (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.98–1.62) had an increased risk of PTB. The OR (95% CI) for allele rs10759932-C was 0.45 (0.32–0.62) for COPD and 1.18 (1.07–1.32) for PTB. For rs2737190, heterozygous AG was related to a decreased risk of COPD (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.21–0.49) and an increased risk of PTB (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52). The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed decreased transcription activity caused by rs10759932-C and rs2737190-G. Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms of rs10759932 and rs2737190 in TLR4 are significantly related to both COPD and PTB but with inverse effects. The altered transcription activity caused by mutations in these two loci may partly explain the observed relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu He
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyi Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaona Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Park J, Hescott BJ, Slonim DK. Pathway centrality in protein interaction networks identifies putative functional mediating pathways in pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5863. [PMID: 30971743 PMCID: PMC6458310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of functional pathways mediating molecular responses may lead to better understanding of disease processes and suggest new therapeutic approaches. We introduce a method to detect such mediating functions using topological properties of protein-protein interaction networks. We define the concept of pathway centrality, a measure of communication between disease genes and differentially expressed genes. Using pathway centrality, we identify mediating pathways in three pulmonary diseases (asthma; bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). We systematically evaluate the significance of all identified central pathways using genetic interactions. Mediating pathways shared by all three pulmonary disorders favor innate immune and inflammation-related processes, including toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, PDGF- and angiotensin-regulated airway remodeling, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and interferon gamma. Disease-specific mediators, such as neurodevelopmental processes in BPD or adhesion molecules in COPD, are also highlighted. Some of our findings implicate pathways already in development as drug targets, while others may suggest new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Park
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Benjamin J Hescott
- College of Computer and Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donna K Slonim
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Icduygu FM, Erdogan MO, Ulasli SS, Yildiz HG, Celik ZS, Unlu M, Solak M. Is There an Association Between NOD2 Gene Polymorphisms and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Progression? INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2017.1351118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Mutlu Icduygu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, 28100, Turkey
| | - Mujgan Ozdemir Erdogan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, 03200, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Sarinc Ulasli
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Handan Gonenli Yildiz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, 03200, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Sonmez Celik
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Eskisehir State Hospital, Eskisehir, 26060 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Unlu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, 03200, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Solak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, 03200, Turkey
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