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Federau C. Clinical Interpretation of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Perfusion Imaging in the Brain. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2024; 32:85-92. [PMID: 38007285 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion imaging extracts information on blood motion in biological tissue from diffusion-weighted MR images. The method is attractive from a clinical stand point, because it measures in essence local quantitative perfusion, without intravenous contrast injection. Currently, the clinical interpretation of IVIM perfusion maps focuses on the IVIM perfusion fraction maps, but improvements in image quality of the IVIM pseudo-diffusion maps, using advanced postprocessing tools involving artificial intelligence, could lead to an increased interest in this parameters, as it could provide additional local perfusion information in the clinical setting, not otherwise available with other perfusion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Federau
- AI Medical AG, Goldhaldenstr 22a, Zollikon 8702, Switzerland; University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Qiu J, Zhu M, Chen CY, Luo Y, Wen J. Diffusion heterogeneity and vascular perfusion in tumor and peritumoral areas for prediction of overall survival in patients with high-grade glioma. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 104:23-28. [PMID: 37734575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluation of diffusion heterogeneity and vascular perfusion in tumor and peritumoral areas for prognostic prediction in high-grade glioma (HGG, WHO III/IV grade). METHODS Forty patients with HGG underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI before operation. After normalization, the parameters were divided into diffusion heterogeneity parameters (rD, rMD, rMK, rKr, rKa) and vascular perfusion parameters (rD*, rF, rCBF). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between overall survival (OS) and the above parameters, clinical factors, and IDH1 status. The Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate differences in the parameters between different IDH1 states. RESULTS In the univariate Cox regression analysis, OS was significantly associated with tumor resection range, IDH1 status, tumor heterogeneity parameters (rD, rMD, rMK, rKr, rKa), and rCBF in tumor area(all p < 0.05). In addition, rD and rCBF measured in the peritumoral region were also predictors of poor OS (both p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that rMK in the tumor area and rCBF in the peritumoral area (hazard ratio = 7.900 and 5.466, respectively, for each 0.1 increase in the normalized value) were independent predictors of OS. CONCLUSION The rMK of tumor area and rCBF of peritumoral area had independent predictive value for OS in patients with HGG. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This study explored useful imaging biomarkers from the diffusion heterogeneity and vascular perfusion of tumor and peritumoral areas in HGG, which is useful to help clinician to make precise therapeutic plans, and predict the prognostic for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Chuan Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Liu M, Saadat N, Jeong Y, Roth S, Niekrasz M, Giurcanu M, Carroll T, Christoforidis G. Quantitative perfusion and water transport time model from multi b-value diffusion magnetic resonance imaging validated against neutron capture microspheres. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2023; 10:063501. [PMID: 38090645 PMCID: PMC10711680 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.10.6.063501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Quantification of perfusion in ml/100 g/min, rather than comparing relative values side-to-side, is critical at the clinical and research levels for large longitudinal and multi-center trials. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-based scan that uses a multitude of b -values to measure various speeds of molecular perfusion and diffusion, sidestepping inaccuracy of arterial input functions or bolus kinetics. Questions remain as to the original of the signal and whether IVIM returns quantitative and accurate perfusion in a pathology setting. This study tests a novel method of IVIM perfusion quantification compared with neutron capture microspheres. Approach We derive an expression for the quantification of capillary blood flow in ml/100 g/min by solving the three-dimensional Gaussian probability distribution and defining water transport time (WTT) as when 50% of the original water remains in the tissue of interest. Calculations were verified in a six-subject pre-clinical canine model of normocapnia, CO 2 induced hypercapnia, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (ischemic stroke) and compared with quantitative microsphere perfusion. Results Linear regression analysis of IVIM and microsphere perfusion showed agreement (slope = 0.55, intercept = 52.5, R 2 = 0.64 ) with a Bland-Altman mean difference of - 11.8 [ - 78,54 ] ml / 100 g / min . Linear regression between dynamic susceptibility contrast mean transit time and IVIM WTT asymmetry in infarcted tissue was excellent (slope = 0.59 , intercept = 0.3, R 2 = 0.93 ). Strong linear agreement was found between IVIM and reference standard infarct volume (slope = 1.01, R 2 = 0.79 ). The simulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppression via inversion recovery returned a blood signal reduced by 82% from combined T1 and T2 effects. Conclusions The accuracy and sensitivity of IVIM provides evidence that observed signal changes reflect cytotoxic edema and tissue perfusion and can be quantified with WTT. Partial volume contamination of CSF may be better removed during post-processing rather than with inversion recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Liu
- University of Chicago, Committee on Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Niloufar Saadat
- University of Chicago, Committee on Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Yong Jeong
- University of Chicago, Committee on Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Steven Roth
- University of Illinois, Department of Anesthesiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Marek Niekrasz
- University of Chicago, Committee on Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mihai Giurcanu
- University of Chicago, Department of Statistics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Timothy Carroll
- University of Chicago, Committee on Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Gregory Christoforidis
- University of Chicago, Committee on Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Honda M, Iima M, Kataoka M, Fukushima Y, Ota R, Ohashi A, Toi M, Nakamoto Y. Biomarkers Predictive of Distant Disease-free Survival Derived from Diffusion-weighted Imaging of Breast Cancer. Magn Reson Med Sci 2023; 22:469-476. [PMID: 35922924 PMCID: PMC10552669 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and/or non-Gaussian diffusion parameters are associated with distant disease-free survival (DDFS) in patients with invasive breast cancer. METHODS From May 2013 to March 2015, 101 patients (mean age 60.0, range 28-88) with invasive breast cancer were evaluated prospectively. IVIM parameters (flowing blood volume fraction [fIVIM] and pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*]) and non-Gaussian diffusion parameters (theoretical apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] at a b value of 0 s/mm2 [ADC0] and kurtosis [K]) were estimated using a diffusion-weighted imaging series of 16 b values up to 2500 s/mm2. Shifted ADC values (sADC200-1500) and standard ADC values (ADC0-800) were also calculated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival analyses for DDFS, which were compared using the log-rank test. Univariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess any associations between each parameter and distant metastasis-free survival. RESULTS The median observation period was 80 months (range, 35-92 months). Among the 101 patients, 12 (11.9%) developed distant metastasis, with a median time to metastasis of 79 months (range, 10-92 months). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that DDFS was significantly shorter in patients with K > 0.98 than in those with K ≤ 0.98 (P = 0.04). Cox regression analysis showed a marginal statistical association between K and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Non-Gaussian diffusion may be associated with prognosis in invasive breast cancer. A higher K may be a marker to help identify patients at an elevated risk of distant metastasis, which could guide subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Honda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fukushima
- Department of Applied Medical Imaging, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Rie Ota
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akane Ohashi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhou J, Li H, Ma X, Jin M, Meng X, Zhang G. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D-ASL to Assess the Value of Ki-67 Labeling Index and Grade in Glioma. SCANNING 2022; 2022:8429659. [PMID: 36105553 PMCID: PMC9452990 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8429659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective To determine the proportion of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted images (IVIM-DWI) and three-dimensional arterial circulation markers (3D-ASL) in Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) and glioma grading. Methods According to the classification of diseases of the central nervous system dealt with by WHO in 2007, patients with stage II glioma were classified as low (n = 20) and patients with stages III-IV were divided into higher levels (n = 22). Prior to surgery, brain MRI, IVIM-DWI, and 3D-ASL were performed in all patients, and the actual water molecular diffusion coefficient (D), microcirculation coefficient (D∗), blood flow fraction (f), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured. A rank sum (Mann-Whitney U test) was used to compare the four upper and lower level Ki-67 LI measurements. Spearman's method is used to identify the relationship between 4 groups of quantification and Ki-67 LI. Reciprocal grafting (ROC) curves were used to measure the diagnosis of four groups of glioma grading defects. Results There were significant differences in D, D∗, f, and CBF between the solid region of the tumor and the normal white matter contralateral to it (P < 0.05). The significant differences of rD, rD∗, rf, and rCBF were shown between patients with low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma (P < 0.05). Ki-67 LI was found to have negative correlation with rD (r = 00.693, P < 0.001) and rf (r = 00.539, P < 0.001), but similarly correlated with rCBF (r = 0.665, P < 0.001) in patients with glioma. Recipient efficacy for predicting advanced and secondary glioma from rD, rf, rD∗, rCBF, and Ki-67 LI raises AUCs of 0.819, 0.747, 0.719, 0.836, and 0.907, respectively. Conclusion IVIM-DWI has good application value for preoperative grading of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of MRI, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Huafeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology (I), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Miao Jin
- Department of MRI, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of MRI, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- Department of MRI, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
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Qin D, Yang G, Jing H, Tan Y, Zhao B, Zhang H. Tumor Progression and Treatment-Related Changes: Radiological Diagnosis Challenges for the Evaluation of Post Treated Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153771. [PMID: 35954435 PMCID: PMC9367286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the adult central nervous system. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, its prognosis remains poor. During follow-up, it remains challenging to distinguish treatment-related changes from tumor progression in treated patients with gliomas due to both share clinical symptoms and morphological imaging characteristics (with new and/or increasing enhancing mass lesions). The early effective identification of tumor progression and treatment-related changes is of great significance for the prognosis and treatment of gliomas. We believe that advanced neuroimaging techniques can provide additional information for distinguishing both at an early stage. In this article, we focus on the research of magnetic resonance imaging technology and artificial intelligence in tumor progression and treatment-related changes. Finally, it provides new ideas and insights for clinical diagnosis. Abstract As the most common neuro-epithelial tumors of the central nervous system in adults, gliomas are highly malignant and easy to recurrence, with a dismal prognosis. Imaging studies are indispensable for tracking tumor progression (TP) or treatment-related changes (TRCs). During follow-up, distinguishing TRCs from TP in treated patients with gliomas remains challenging as both share similar clinical symptoms and morphological imaging characteristics (with new and/or increasing enhancing mass lesions) and fulfill criteria for progression. Thus, the early identification of TP and TRCs is of great significance for determining the prognosis and treatment. Histopathological biopsy is currently the gold standard for TP and TRC diagnosis. However, the invasive nature of this technique limits its clinical application. Advanced imaging methods (e.g., diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), perfusion MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), amide proton transfer (APT) and artificial intelligence (AI)) provide a non-invasive and feasible technical means for identifying of TP and TRCs at an early stage, which have recently become research hotspots. This paper reviews the current research on using the abovementioned advanced imaging methods to identify TP and TRCs of gliomas. First, the review focuses on the pathological changes of the two entities to establish a theoretical basis for imaging identification. Then, it elaborates on the application of different imaging techniques and AI in identifying the two entities. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of these techniques and methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Qin
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School, Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (G.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of MRI, The Six Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030008, China;
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (G.Y.); (Y.T.)
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School, Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China;
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (G.Y.); (Y.T.)
- Intelligent Imaging Big Data and Functional Nano-imaging Engineering Research Center of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (H.Z.)
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Stumpo V, Guida L, Bellomo J, Van Niftrik CHB, Sebök M, Berhouma M, Bink A, Weller M, Kulcsar Z, Regli L, Fierstra J. Hemodynamic Imaging in Cerebral Diffuse Glioma—Part B: Molecular Correlates, Treatment Effect Monitoring, Prognosis, and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051342. [PMID: 35267650 PMCID: PMC8909110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, and glioblastoma in particular, exhibit an extensive intra- and inter-tumoral molecular heterogeneity which represents complex biological features correlating to the efficacy of treatment response and survival. From a neuroimaging point of view, these specific molecular and histopathological features may be used to yield imaging biomarkers as surrogates for distinct tumor genotypes and phenotypes. The development of comprehensive glioma imaging markers has potential for improved glioma characterization that would assist in the clinical work-up of preoperative treatment planning and treatment effect monitoring. In particular, the differentiation of tumor recurrence or true progression from pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, and radiation-induced necrosis can still not reliably be made through standard neuroimaging only. Given the abundant vascular and hemodynamic alterations present in diffuse glioma, advanced hemodynamic imaging approaches constitute an attractive area of clinical imaging development. In this context, the inclusion of objective measurable glioma imaging features may have the potential to enhance the individualized care of diffuse glioma patients, better informing of standard-of-care treatment efficacy and of novel therapies, such as the immunotherapies that are currently increasingly investigated. In Part B of this two-review series, we assess the available evidence pertaining to hemodynamic imaging for molecular feature prediction, in particular focusing on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status, MGMT promoter methylation, 1p19q codeletion, and EGFR alterations. The results for the differentiation of tumor progression/recurrence from treatment effects have also been the focus of active research and are presented together with the prognostic correlations identified by advanced hemodynamic imaging studies. Finally, the state-of-the-art concepts and advancements of hemodynamic imaging modalities are reviewed together with the advantages derived from the implementation of radiomics and machine learning analyses pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Stumpo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.G.); (J.B.); (C.H.B.V.N.); (M.S.); (L.R.); (J.F.)
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lelio Guida
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.G.); (J.B.); (C.H.B.V.N.); (M.S.); (L.R.); (J.F.)
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Jacopo Bellomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.G.); (J.B.); (C.H.B.V.N.); (M.S.); (L.R.); (J.F.)
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Christiaan Hendrik Bas Van Niftrik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.G.); (J.B.); (C.H.B.V.N.); (M.S.); (L.R.); (J.F.)
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Martina Sebök
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.G.); (J.B.); (C.H.B.V.N.); (M.S.); (L.R.); (J.F.)
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Moncef Berhouma
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology and Vascular Neurosurgery, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France;
| | - Andrea Bink
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Kulcsar
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Regli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.G.); (J.B.); (C.H.B.V.N.); (M.S.); (L.R.); (J.F.)
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
| | - Jorn Fierstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (L.G.); (J.B.); (C.H.B.V.N.); (M.S.); (L.R.); (J.F.)
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.B.); (M.W.); (Z.K.)
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Hou W, Xue Y, Qian Y, Pan H, Xu M, Shen Y, Li X, Yu Y. Application of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Predicting and Monitoring Early Efficacy of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in the C6 Glioma Rat Model. Front Oncol 2022; 11:842169. [PMID: 35155219 PMCID: PMC8831888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.842169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating early effects of anti-angiogenic therapy in the C6 glioma rat model. Methods Twenty-six rats of the C6 glioma model were randomly divided into a treatment group (received bevacizumab) and a control group (physiological saline). IVIM-DWI was performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 after anti-angiogenic therapy and tumor growth and IVIM-DWI parameters were dynamically observed. Hematoxylin and eosin, CD34 microvessel density (MVD), proliferation of cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Hif-α staining were performed on day 7. One-way ANOVA was used to compare intra-group differences and an independent-samples t-test was used to compare inter-group differences of MRI parameters. Correlations between IVIM-DWI parameters, tumor size, and pathological results were analyzed. Results The relative change in tumor volume (ΔVolume) in the two groups differed significantly on days 5 and 7 (p = 0.038 and p < 0.001). The perfusion-related parameters D*- and f-values decreased in the treatment group and demonstrated significant differences compared with the control group on days 3, 5, and 7 (p = 0.033, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The diffusion-related parameters ADC and D-values increased in the treatment group and were found to be significantly differently different from the control group on days 5 and 7 (both p < 0.001). The initial D-value showed a negative correlation with ΔVolume (γ = −0.744, p < 0.001), whereas the initial D*-value and relative change of D-value had a positive correlation with ΔVolume (γ = 0.718, p < 0.001 and γ = 0.800, p < 0.001, respectively). MVD was strongly positively correlated with D*-value (r = 0.886, p = 0.019), PCNA was negatively correlated with ADC- and D-values (r = −0.848, p = 0.033; and r = −0.928 p = 0.008, respectively), and Hif-1α was strongly negatively correlated with D*-value (r = −0.879, p = 0.010). Conclusion IVIM-DWI was sensitive and accurate in predicting and monitoring the effects of early anti-angiogenesis therapy in a C6 glioma rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishu Hou
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yangyang Xue
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongli Pan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohu Li, ; Yongqiang Yu,
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohu Li, ; Yongqiang Yu,
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9
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Wang DJJ, Le Bihan D, Krishnamurthy R, Smith M, Ho ML. Noncontrast Pediatric Brain Perfusion: Arterial Spin Labeling and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 29:493-513. [PMID: 34717841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging techniques for measuring brain perfusion include arterial spin labeling (ASL) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). These techniques provide noninvasive and repeatable assessment of cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood volume without the need for intravenous contrast. This article discusses the technical aspects of ASL and IVIM with a focus on normal physiologic variations, technical parameters, and artifacts. Multiple pediatric clinical applications are presented, including tumors, stroke, vasculopathy, vascular malformations, epilepsy, migraine, trauma, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J J Wang
- USC Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, SHN, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin, Centre d'études de Saclay, Bâtiment 145, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Ram Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - ED4, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - ED4, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive - ED4, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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10
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Merisaari H, Federau C. Signal to noise and b-value analysis for optimal intra-voxel incoherent motion imaging in the brain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257545. [PMID: 34555054 PMCID: PMC8459980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a method that can provide quantitative information about perfusion in the human body, in vivo, and without contrast agent. Unfortunately, the IVIM perfusion parameter maps are known to be relatively noisy in the brain, in particular for the pseudo-diffusion coefficient, which might hinder its potential broader use in clinical applications. Therefore, we studied the conditions to produce optimal IVIM perfusion images in the brain. IVIM imaging was performed on a 3-Tesla clinical system in four healthy volunteers, with 16 b values 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 110, 140, 170, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 s/mm2, repeated 20 times. We analyzed the noise characteristics of the trace images as a function of b-value, and the homogeneity of the IVIM parameter maps across number of averages and sub-sets of the acquired b values. We found two peaks of noise of the trace images as function of b value, one due to thermal noise at high b-value, and one due to physiological noise at low b-value. The selection of b value distribution was found to have higher impact on the homogeneity of the IVIM parameter maps than the number of averages. Based on evaluations, we suggest an optimal b value acquisition scheme for a 12 min scan as 0 (7), 20 (4), 140 (19), 300 (9), 500 (19), 700 (1), 800 (4), 900 (1) s/mm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Merisaari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Federau
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH, Zürich and University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- AI Medical, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Wang C, Padgett KR, Su MY, Mellon EA, Maziero D, Chang Z. Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) for treatment response assessment of radiation therapy. Med Phys 2021; 49:2794-2819. [PMID: 34374098 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the modern radiation therapy (RT) workflow. In comparison with computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is the dominant imaging modality in RT, MRI possesses excellent soft-tissue contrast for radiographic evaluation. Based on quantitative models, MRI can be used to assess tissue functional and physiological information. With the developments of scanner design, acquisition strategy, advanced data analysis, and modeling, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), a combination of morphologic and functional imaging modalities, has been increasingly adopted for disease detection, localization, and characterization. Integration of mpMRI techniques into RT enriches the opportunities to individualize RT. In particular, RT response assessment using mpMRI allows for accurate characterization of both tissue anatomical and biochemical changes to support decision-making in monotherapy of radiation treatment and/or systematic cancer management. In recent years, accumulating evidence have, indeed, demonstrated the potentials of mpMRI in RT response assessment regarding patient stratification, trial benchmarking, early treatment intervention, and outcome modeling. Clinical application of mpMRI for treatment response assessment in routine radiation oncology workflow, however, is more complex than implementing an additional imaging protocol; mpMRI requires additional focus on optimal study design, practice standardization, and unified statistical reporting strategy to realize its full potential in the context of RT. In this article, the mpMRI theories, including image mechanism, protocol design, and data analysis, will be reviewed with a focus on the radiation oncology field. Representative works will be discussed to demonstrate how mpMRI can be used for RT response assessment. Additionally, issues and limits of current works, as well as challenges and potential future research directions, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle R Padgett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Min-Ying Su
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eric A Mellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Danilo Maziero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Galanakis N, Maris TG, Kalaitzakis G, Kontopodis N, Matthaiou N, Charalambous S, Tsetis K, Ioannou CV, Karantanas A, Tsetis D. Evaluation of foot hypoperfusion and estimation of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty outcome in patients with critical limb ischemia using intravoxel incoherent motion microperfusion MRI. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20210215. [PMID: 34233490 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To emerge hypoperfusion of lower limbs in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion microperfusion magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-MRI). Moreover to examine the ability of IVIM-MRI to differentiate patients with severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) from normal subjects and evaluate the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) results in patients with CLI. METHODS Eight patients who presented with CLI and six healthy volunteers were examined. The patients underwent IVIM-MRI of lower extremity before and following PTA. The imaging protocol included sagittal diffusion-weighted (DW) sequences. DW images were analyzed and color parametric maps of the micro-circulation of blood inside the capillary network (D*) were constructed. The studies were evaluated by two observers to define interobserver reproducibility. RESULTS Technical success was achieved in all patients (8/8). The mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.35 ± 0.2 to 0.76 ± 0.25 (p < 0.05). Successful revascularization improved IVIM microperfusion. Mean D* increased from 279.88 ± 13.47 10-5 mm2/s to 331.51 ± 31 10-5 mm2/s, following PTA, p < 0.05. Moreover, PAD patients presented lower D* values as compared to healthy individuals (279.88 ± 13.47 10-5 mm2/s vs 332.47 ± 22.95 10-5 mm2/s, p < 0.05, respectively). Good interobserver agreement was obtained with an ICC = 0.84 (95% CI 0.64-0.93). CONCLUSIONS IVIM-MRI can detect differences in microperfusion between patients with PAD and healthy individuals. Moreover, significant restitution of IVIM microperfusion is found following successful PTA. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE IVIM-MRI is a safe, reproducible and effective modality for evaluation of lower limb hypoperfusion in patients with PAD. It seems also to be a helpful tool to detect changes of tissue perfusion in patients with CLI following revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Galanakis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas G Maris
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Kalaitzakis
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kontopodis
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolas Matthaiou
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stavros Charalambous
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsetis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos V Ioannou
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Karantanas
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsetis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
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13
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Spinner GR, Federau C, Kozerke S. Bayesian inference using hierarchical and spatial priors for intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging in the brain: Analysis of cancer and acute stroke. Med Image Anal 2021; 73:102144. [PMID: 34261009 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model allows to map diffusion (D) and perfusion-related parameters (F and D*). Parameter estimation is, however, error-prone due to the non-linearity of the signal model, the limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the small volume fraction of perfusion in the in-vivo brain. In the present work, the performance of Bayesian inference was examined in the presence of brain pathologies characterized by hypo- and hyperperfusion. In particular, a hierarchical and a spatial prior were combined. Performance was compared relative to conventional segmented least squares regression, hierarchical prior only (non-segmented and segmented data likelihoods) and a deep learning approach. Realistic numerical brain IVIM simulations were conducted to assess errors relative to ground truth. In-vivo, data of 11 central nervous system cancer patients and 9 patients with acute stroke were acquired. The proposed method yielded reduced error in simulations for both the cancer and acute stroke scenarios compared to other methods across the whole investigated SNR range. The contrast-to-noise ratio of the proposed method was better or on par compared to the other techniques in-vivo. The proposed Bayesian approach hence improves IVIM parameter estimation in brain cancer and acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Ralph Spinner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Christian Federau
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
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14
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Abstract
The signal acquired in vivo using a diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) sequence is influenced by blood motion in the tissue. This means that perfusion information from a DWI sequence can be obtained in addition to thermal diffusion, if the appropriate sequence parameters and postprocessing methods are applied. This is commonly regrouped under the denomination intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion MR imaging. Of relevance, the perfusion information acquired with IVIM is essentially local, quantitative and acquired without intravenous injection of contrast media. The aim of this work is to review the IVIM method and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Federau
- University and ETH Zürich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Gloriastrasse 35, Zürich 8092, Switzerland; Ai Medical AG, Goldhaldenstr 22a, Zollikon 8702, Switzerland.
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15
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Gu T, Yang T, Huang J, Yu J, Ying H, Xiao X. Evaluation of gliomas peritumoral diffusion and prediction of IDH1 mutation by IVIM-DWI. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9948-9959. [PMID: 33795525 PMCID: PMC8064166 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioma characterized by high morbidity and mortality, is one of the most common brain tumors. The application of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) in differentiating glioma grading and IDH1 mutation status were poorly investigated. 78 glioma patients confirmed by pathological and imaging methods were enrolled. Glioma patients were measured using IVIM-DWI, then related parameters such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), perfusion fraction (f), pseudo diffusivity (D*), and true diffusivity (D), were derived. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were made to calculate specificity and sensitivity. The values of CBF1, CBF3, D*1, rCBF1-2, rCBF3-2, and age in group high-grade gliomas (HGG) were significantly higher than that of in group low-grade gliomas (LGG). The values of CBF1, CBF3, rCBF1-2, rCBF3-2, D*1, and age in group IDH1mut were significantly lower than that of in group IDH1wt. The levels of D1 and f1 were remarkably higher in the group IDH1mut than group IDH1wt. rCBF1-2 had a remarkably positive correlation with CBF1 (r=0.852, p<0.001). f1 showed a markedly negative correlation with CBF1 (r= -0.306, p=0.007). IVIM-DWI presented efficacy in differentiating glioma grading and IDH1 mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifu Gu
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianglong Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongxin Ying
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xinlan Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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16
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Maziero D, Straza MW, Ford JC, Bovi JA, Diwanji T, Stoyanova R, Paulson ES, Mellon EA. MR-Guided Radiotherapy for Brain and Spine Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626100. [PMID: 33763361 PMCID: PMC7982530 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is the standard modality to assess anatomy and response to treatment in brain and spine tumors given its superb anatomic soft tissue contrast (e.g., T1 and T2) and numerous additional intrinsic contrast mechanisms that can be used to investigate physiology (e.g., diffusion, perfusion, spectroscopy). As such, hybrid MRI and radiotherapy (RT) devices hold unique promise for Magnetic Resonance guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT). In the brain, MRgRT provides daily visualizations of evolving tumors that are not seen with cone beam CT guidance and cannot be fully characterized with occasional standalone MRI scans. Significant evolving anatomic changes during radiotherapy can be observed in patients with glioblastoma during the 6-week fractionated MRIgRT course. In this review, a case of rapidly changing symptomatic tumor is demonstrated for possible therapy adaptation. For stereotactic body RT of the spine, MRgRT acquires clear isotropic images of tumor in relation to spinal cord, cerebral spinal fluid, and nearby moving organs at risk such as bowel. This visualization allows for setup reassurance and the possibility of adaptive radiotherapy based on anatomy in difficult cases. A review of the literature for MR relaxometry, diffusion, perfusion, and spectroscopy during RT is also presented. These techniques are known to correlate with physiologic changes in the tumor such as cellularity, necrosis, and metabolism, and serve as early biomarkers of chemotherapy and RT response correlating with patient survival. While physiologic tumor investigations during RT have been limited by the feasibility and cost of obtaining frequent standalone MRIs, MRIgRT systems have enabled daily and widespread physiologic measurements. We demonstrate an example case of a poorly responding tumor on the 0.35 T MRIgRT system with relaxometry and diffusion measured several times per week. Future studies must elucidate which changes in MR-based physiologic metrics and at which timepoints best predict patient outcomes. This will lead to early treatment intensification for tumors identified to have the worst physiologic responses during RT in efforts to improve glioblastoma survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Maziero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michael W Straza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John C Ford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joseph A Bovi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tejan Diwanji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Radka Stoyanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eric S Paulson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Eric A Mellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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17
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The diagnostic function of intravoxel incoherent motion for distinguishing between pilocytic astrocytoma and ependymoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247899. [PMID: 33647051 PMCID: PMC7920344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging concurrently measures diffusion and perfusion parameters and has potential applications for brain tumor classification. However, the effectiveness of IVIM for the differentiation between pilocytic astrocytoma and ependymoma has not been verified. The aim of this study was to determine the potential diagnostic role of IVIM for the distinction between ependymoma and pilocytic astrocytoma. Methods Between February 2019 and October 2020, 22 children (15 males and 7 females; median age 4 years) with either ependymoma or pilocytic astrocytoma were recruited for this prospective study. IVIM parameters were fitted using 7 b-values (0–1,500 s/mm2), to develop a bi-exponential model. The diffusivity (D), perfusion fraction (f), and pseudo diffusivity (D*) were measured in both tumors and the adjacent normal-appearing parenchyma. These IVIM parameters were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to assess diagnostic performance. Results The median D values for ependymoma and pilocytic astrocytoma were 0.87 and 1.25 × 10−3 mm2/s (p < 0.05), respectively, whereas the f values were 0.11% and 0.15% (p < 0.05). The ratios of the median D values for ependymoma and pilocytic astrocytoma relative to the median D values for the adjacent, normal-appearing parenchyma were 1.45 and 2.10 (p < 0.05), respectively. ROC curve analysis found that the D value had the best diagnostic performance for the differentiation between pilocytic astrocytoma and ependymoma, with an area under the ROC curve of 1. Conclusion IVIM is a beneficial, effective, non-invasive, and endogenous-contrast imaging technique. The D value derived from IVIM was the most essential factor for differentiating ependymoma from pilocytic astrocytoma.
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18
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Zhu L, Wu J, Zhang H, Niu H, Wang L. The value of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging in predicting the survival of patients with astrocytoma. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:423-429. [PMID: 32551800 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120926907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of the prognosis of gliomas may have great value in individualized treatment. PURPOSE To evaluate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in predicting the survival of patients with astrocytoma and comparing it to apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty patients with pathologically confirmed cerebral astrocytomas underwent IVIM scans before any treatment was performed. Patients were divided into death group and survival group according to a two-year follow-up. ADC and quantitative parameters of IVIM including D, D*, and f were measured. Independent sample t test was used to compare the two groups of parameters. The accuracy of each parameter for two-year survival rate was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The correlation between quantitative parameters and survival days was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The ADC, D*, and f values were statistically significant different between the death and the survival groups (P < 0.05). The AUC of the ADC, D*, and f were 0.811, 0.858, and 0.892, respectively. The ADC cut-off value of 0.668 × 10-3 mm2/s corresponded to 82.6% sensitivity and 73% specificity. The D* cut-off value of 3.913 × 10-3 mm2/s corresponded to 78.4% sensitivity and 87% specificity. The f cut-off value of 0.487 corresponded to 83.8% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Significant log rank test was performed for each parameter to predict overall survival (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between ADC (r = 0.625, P = 0.023), D* (r = -0.655, P = 0.012), f (r = -0.725, P = 0.000) and survival days. CONCLUSION The D* and f values demonstrated great potential in predicting the two-year survival rate for patients with astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Heng Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
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19
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Lee W, Kim B, Park H. Quantification of intravoxel incoherent motion with optimized b-values using deep neural network. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:230-244. [PMID: 33594783 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a framework for quantifying intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters, where a neural network for quantification and b-values for diffusion-weighted imaging are simultaneously optimized. METHOD A deep neural network (DNN) method is proposed for accurate quantification of IVIM parameters from multiple diffusion-weighted images. In addition, optimal b-values are selected to acquire the multiple diffusion-weighted images. The proposed framework consists of an MRI signal generation part and an IVIM parameter quantification part. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the IVIM parameter quantification and the efficacy of b-value optimization. In order to analyze the effect of noise on the optimized b-values, simulations were performed with five different noise levels. For in vivo data, diffusion images were acquired with the b-values from four b-values selection methods for five healthy volunteers at 3T MRI system. RESULTS Experiment results showed that both the optimization of b-values and the training of DNN were simultaneously performed to quantify IVIM parameters. We found that the accuracies of the perfusion coefficient (Dp ) and perfusion fraction (f) were more sensitive to b-values than the diffusion coefficient (D) was. Furthermore, when the noise level changed, the optimized b-values also changed. Therefore, noise level has to be considered when optimizing b-values for IVIM quantification. CONCLUSION The proposed scheme can simultaneously optimize b-values and train DNN to minimize quantification errors of IVIM parameters. The trained DNN can quantify IVIM parameters from the diffusion-weighted images obtained with the optimized b-values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonil Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjai Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWook Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Jabehdar Maralani P, Myrehaug S, Mehrabian H, Chan AKM, Wintermark M, Heyn C, Conklin J, Ellingson BM, Rahimi S, Lau AZ, Tseng CL, Soliman H, Detsky J, Daghighi S, Keith J, Munoz DG, Das S, Atenafu EG, Lipsman N, Perry J, Stanisz G, Sahgal A. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling of diffusion MRI during chemoradiation predicts therapeutic response in IDH wildtype glioblastoma. Radiother Oncol 2021; 156:258-265. [PMID: 33418005 PMCID: PMC8186561 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prediction of early progression in glioblastoma may provide an opportunity to personalize treatment. Simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI offers quantitative estimates of diffusion and perfusion metrics. We investigated whether these metrics, during chemoradiation, could predict treatment outcome. Methods: 38 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastoma undergoing 6-week/30-fraction chemoradiation had standardized post-operative MRIs at baseline (radiation planning), and at the 10th and 20th fractions. Non-overlapping T1-enhancing (T1C) and non-enhancing T2-FLAIR hyperintense regions were independently segmented. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCT1C, ADCT2-FLAIR) and perfusion fraction (fT1C, fT2-FLAIR) maps were generated with simplified IVIM modelling. Parameters associated with progression before or after 6.9 months (early vs late progression, respectively), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were investigated. Results: Higher ADCT2-FLAIR at baseline [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, p = 0.025], lower fT2-FLAIR at fraction 10 (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.04–4.27, p = 0.018), and lack of increase in ADCT2-FLAIR at fraction 20 compared to baseline (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.22, p = 0.02) were associated with early progression. Combining ADCT2-FLAIR at baseline, fT2-FLAIR at fraction 10, ECOG and MGMT promoter methylation status significantly improved AUC to 90.3% compared to a model with only ECOG and MGMT promoter methylation status (p = 0.001). Using multivariable analysis, neither IVIM metrics were associated with OS but higher fT2-FLAIR at fraction 10 (HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.95, p = 0.018) was associated with longer PFS. Conclusion: ADCT2-FLAIR at baseline, its lack of increase from baseline to fraction 20, or fT2-FLAIR at fraction 10 significantly predicted early progression. fT2-FLAIR at fraction 10 was associated with PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Jabehdar Maralani
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Sten Myrehaug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Hatef Mehrabian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Aimee K M Chan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Chris Heyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - John Conklin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Sciences and Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Saba Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus Z Lau
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chia-Lin Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Hany Soliman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jay Detsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Shadi Daghighi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia Keith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - David G Munoz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nir Lipsman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - James Perry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Greg Stanisz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Canada
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21
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Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging: basic principles and clinical applications. Pol J Radiol 2020; 85:e624-e635. [PMID: 33376564 PMCID: PMC7757509 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2020.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to show basic principles, acquisition, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical applications of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). IVIM MRI as a method was introduced in the late 1980s, but recently it started attracting more interest thanks to its applications in many fields, particularly in oncology and neuroradiology. This imaging technique has been developed with the objective of obtaining not only a functional analysis of different organs but also different types of lesions. Among many accessible tools in diagnostic imaging, IVIM MRI aroused the interest of many researchers in terms of studying its applicability in the evaluation of abdominal organs and diseases. The major conclusion of this article is that IVIM MRI seems to be a very auspicious method to investigate the human body, and that nowadays the most promising clinical application for IVIM perfusion MRI is oncology. However, due to lack of standardisation of image acquisition and analysis, further studies are needed to validate this method in clinical practice.
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22
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Bergamino M, Nespodzany A, Baxter LC, Burke A, Caselli RJ, Sabbagh MN, Walsh RR, Stokes AM. Preliminary Assessment of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion
Diffusion‐Weighted MRI
(
IVIM‐DWI
) Metrics in Alzheimer's Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1811-1826. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bergamino
- Division of Neuroimaging Research Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Ashley Nespodzany
- Division of Neuroimaging Research Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Leslie C. Baxter
- Division of Neuroimaging Research Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA
- Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Arizona Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Anna Burke
- Division of Neurology Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA
| | | | - Marwan N. Sabbagh
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Las Vegas Nevada USA
| | - Ryan R. Walsh
- Division of Neurology Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Ashley M. Stokes
- Division of Neuroimaging Research Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix Arizona USA
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23
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Iima M. Perfusion-driven Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI in Oncology: Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends. Magn Reson Med Sci 2020; 20:125-138. [PMID: 32536681 PMCID: PMC8203481 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2019-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in MR hardware and software have allowed a surge of interest in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI in oncology. Beyond diffusion-weighted imaging (and the standard apparent diffusion coefficient mapping most commonly used clinically), IVIM provides information on tissue microcirculation without the need for contrast agents. In oncology, perfusion-driven IVIM MRI has already shown its potential for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors, as well as for detecting prognostic biomarkers and treatment monitoring. Current developments in IVIM data processing, and its use as a method of scanning patients who cannot receive contrast agents, are expected to increase further utilization. This paper reviews the current applications, challenges, and future trends of perfusion-driven IVIM in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital
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24
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Chabert S, Verdu J, Huerta G, Montalba C, Cox P, Riveros R, Uribe S, Salas R, Veloz A. Impact of b-Value Sampling Scheme on Brain IVIM Parameter Estimation in Healthy Subjects. Magn Reson Med Sci 2019; 19:216-226. [PMID: 31611542 PMCID: PMC7553810 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis has attracted the interest of the clinical community due to its close relationship with microperfusion. Nevertheless, there is no clear reference protocol for its implementation; one of the questions being which b-value distribution to use. This study aimed to stress the importance of the sampling scheme and to show that an optimized b-value distribution decreases the variance associated with IVIM parameters in the brain with respect to a regular distribution in healthy volunteers. Methods: Ten volunteers were included in this study; images were acquired on a 1.5T MR scanner. Two distributions of 16 b-values were used: one considered ‘regular’ due to its close association with that used in other studies, and the other considered ‘optimized’ according to previous studies. IVIM parameters were adjusted according to the bi-exponential model, using two-step method. Analysis was undertaken in ROI defined using in the Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas, and parameters distributions were compared in a total of 832 ROI. Results: Maps with fewer speckles were obtained with the ‘optimized’ distribution. Coefficients of variation did not change significantly for the estimation of the diffusion coefficient D but decreased by approximately 39% for the pseudo-diffusion coefficient estimation and by 21% for the perfusion fraction. Distributions of adjusted parameters were found significantly different in 50% of the cases for the perfusion fraction, in 80% of the cases for the pseudo-diffusion coefficient and 17% of the cases for the diffusion coefficient. Observations across brain areas show that the range of average values for IVIM parameters is smaller in the ‘optimized’ case. Conclusion: Using an optimized distribution, data are sampled in a way that the IVIM signal decay is better described and less variance is obtained in the fitted parameters. The increased precision gained could help to detect small variations in IVIM parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéren Chabert
- CINGS Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso.,Escuela de Ingenieria Civil Biomedica, Universidad de Valparaíso.,Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
| | - Jorge Verdu
- Escuela de Ingenieria Civil Biomedica, Universidad de Valparaíso.,Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
| | - Gamaliel Huerta
- Escuela de Ingenieria Civil Biomedica, Universidad de Valparaíso
| | - Cristian Montalba
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pablo Cox
- Servicio de Imagenología, Hospital Carlos van Buren
| | - Rodrigo Riveros
- Servicio de Imagenología, Hospital Carlos van Buren.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso
| | - Sergio Uribe
- Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,Radiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Rodrigo Salas
- CINGS Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso.,Escuela de Ingenieria Civil Biomedica, Universidad de Valparaíso
| | - Alejandro Veloz
- CINGS Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso.,Escuela de Ingenieria Civil Biomedica, Universidad de Valparaíso
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25
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Spinner GR, Stoeck CT, Mathez L, von Deuster C, Federau C, Kozerke S. On probing intravoxel incoherent motion in the heart‐spin‐echo versus stimulated‐echo DWI. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1150-1163. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg R. Spinner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian T. Stoeck
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Linda Mathez
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Federau
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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26
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Spinner GR, Schmidt JFM, von Deuster C, Federau C, Stoeck CT, Kozerke S. Enhancing intravoxel incoherent motion parameter mapping in the brain using k-b PCA. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e4008. [PMID: 30264445 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging of diffusion and perfusion parameters in the brain using parallel imaging suffers from local noise amplification. To address the issue, signal correlations in space and along the diffusion encoding dimension are exploited jointly using a constrained image reconstruction approach. IVIM imaging was performed on a clinical 3 T MR system with diffusion weighting along six gradient directions and 16 b-values encoded per direction across a range of 0-900 s/mm2 . Data were collected in 11 subjects, retrospectively undersampled in k-space with net factors ranging from 2 to 6 and reconstructed using CG-SENSE and the proposed k-b PCA approach. Results of k-b PCA and CG-SENSE from retrospectively undersampled data were compared with those from the fully sampled reference. In addition, prospective single-shot k-b undersampling was implemented and data were acquired in five additional volunteers. IVIM parameter maps were derived using a segmented least-squares method. The proposed k-b PCA method outperformed CG-SENSE in terms of reconstruction errors for effective undersampling factors of 3 and beyond. Undersampling artifacts were effectively removed with k-b PCA up to sixfold undersampling. At net sixfold undersampling, relative errors (compared with the fully sampled reference) of image magnitude and IVIM parameters (D, f and D* ) were (median ± interquartile range): 3.5 ± 3.7 versus 25.3 ± 25.8%, 2.7 ± 3.6 versus 14.2 ± 20.4%, 15.1 ± 26.1 versus 96.6 ± 67.4% and 14.8 ± 26.6 versus 100 ± 195.1% for k-b PCA versus CG-SENSE, respectively. Acquisition with sixfold prospective undersampling yielded average IVIM parameters in the brain of 0.79 ± 0.18 × 10-3 mm2 /s for D, 7.35 ± 7.27% for f and 7.11 ± 2.39 × 10-3 mm2 /s for D* . Constrained reconstruction using k-b PCA improves IVIM parameter mapping from undersampled data when compared with CG-SENSE reconstruction. Prospectively undersampled single-shot echo planar imaging acquisition was successfully employed using k-b PCA, demonstrating a reduction of image artifacts and noise relative to parallel imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg R Spinner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes F M Schmidt
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Federau
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian T Stoeck
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Peckham ME, Anderson JS, Rassner UA, Shah LM, Hinckley PJ, de Havenon A, Kim SE, McNally JS. Low b-value diffusion weighted imaging is promising in the diagnosis of brain death and hypoxic-ischemic injury secondary to cardiopulmonary arrest. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:165. [PMID: 29925413 PMCID: PMC6011248 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiorespiratory arrest can result in a spectrum of hypoxic ischemic brain injury leading to global hypoperfusion and brain death (BD). Because up to 40% of patients with BD are viable organ donors, avoiding delayed diagnosis of this condition is critical. High b-value diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) measures primarily molecular self-diffusion; however, low b-values are sensitive to perfusion. We investigated the feasibility of low b-value DWI in discriminating the global hypoperfusion of BD and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods We retrospectively reviewed cardiorespiratory arrest subjects with a diagnosis of HIE or BD. Inclusion criteria included brain DWI acquired at both low (50 s/mm2) and high (1000–2000 s/mm2) b-values. Automated segmentation was used to determine mean b50 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in gray and white matter regions. Normal subjects with DWI at both values were used as age- and sex-matched controls. Results We evaluated 64 patients (45 with cardiorespiratory arrest and 19 normal). Cardiorespiratory arrest patients with BD had markedly lower mean b50 ADC in gray matter regions compared with HIE (0.70 ± 0.18 vs. 1.95 ± 0.25 × 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001) and normal subjects (vs. 1.79 ± 0.12 × 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). HIE had higher mean b50 ADC compared with normal (1.95 ± 0.25 vs. 1.79 ± 0.12 × 10−3 mm2/s, p = 0.016). There was wide separation of gray matter ADC values in BD subjects compared with age matched normal and HIE subjects. White matter values were also markedly decreased in the BD population, although they were less predictive than gray matter. Conclusion Low b-value DWI is promising for the discrimination of HIE with maintained perfusion and brain death in cardiorespiratory arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Peckham
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 30 North, 1900 East #1A071, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132-2140, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Anderson
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ulrich A Rassner
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lubdha M Shah
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter J Hinckley
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J Scott McNally
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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28
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Surer E, Rossi C, Becker AS, Finkenstaedt T, Wurnig MC, Valavanis A, Winklhofer S. Cardiac-gated intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the investigation of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the lateral ventricle: a feasibility study. Neuroradiology 2018; 60:413-419. [PMID: 29470603 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-1995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) attributes the signal attenuation to the molecular diffusion and to a faster pseudo-diffusion. Purpose of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of IVIM for the investigation of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. METHODS Cardiac-gated DW-MRI images with fifteen b-values (0-1300s/mm2) along three orthogonal directions (mediolateral (ML), anteroposterior (AP), and craniocaudal (CC)) were acquired during maximum systole and diastole in 10 healthy volunteers (6 males, mean age 36 ± 15 years). A pixel-wise bi-exponential fitting with an iterative nonparametric algorithm was carried out to calculate the following parameters: diffusion coefficient (D), fast diffusion coefficient (D*), and fraction of fast diffusion (f). Region of interest measurements were performed in both lateral ventricles. Comparison of IVIM parameters was performed among two cardiac cycle acquisitions and among the diffusion-encoding directions using a paired Student's t test. RESULTS f significantly (p < 0.05) depended on the diffusion-encoding direction and on the cardiac cycle (diastole AP 0.30 ± 0.13, ML 0.22 ± 0.12, CC 0.26 ± 0.17; systole AP 0.45 ± 0.17, ML 0.34 ± 0.15, CC 0.40 ± 0.21). Neither a cardiac cycle nor a direction dependency was found among mean D values (which is in line with the expected intraventricular isotropic diffusion) and D* values (p > 0.05 each). CONCLUSION The fraction of fast diffusion from IVIM is feasible to detect a direction-dependent and cardiac-dependent pulsatile CSF flow within the lateral ventricles allowing for quantitative monitoring of CSF dynamics. This technique might provide opportunities to further investigate the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders involving altered CSF dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Surer
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Rossi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton S Becker
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Finkenstaedt
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Moritz C Wurnig
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonios Valavanis
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Winklhofer
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Patella F, Franceschelli G, Petrillo M, Sansone M, Fusco R, Pesapane F, Pompili G, Ierardi AM, Saibene AM, Moneghini L, Biglioli F, Carrafiello G. A multiparametric analysis combining DCE-MRI- and IVIM -derived parameters to improve differentiation of parotid tumors: a pilot study. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2893-2903. [PMID: 29425058 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and diffusion weighted (DW)-MRI diagnostic value to differentiate Warthin tumors (WT) by pleomorphic adenomas (PA). MATERIALS & METHODS Seven WT and seven PA were examined. DCE- and DW-MRI parameters were extracted from volumes of interest; volume of interest-based averages and standard deviations were calculated. Statistical analysis included: linear discriminant analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS No single feature was able to differentiate WT by PA (p > 0.05); linear discriminant analysis analysis showed that a combination of all features or combinations of feature pairs (namely: Ktrans(std) & f(std), Ktrans(std) & D(std), kep(std) & D(std), MRE(av) & TTP(av)) might achieve sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC) = 100%, with a slight reduction after cross-validation analysis (SENS = 0.875; SPEC = 1). CONCLUSION Although preliminary and not conclusive, our results suggest that differentiation between WT and PA is possible through a multiparametric approach based on combination of DCE- and DW-MRI parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patella
- Postgraduation School of Radiodiagnostic of Milan, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mario Petrillo
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Service, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Sansone
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Information Technologies, University "Federico II" of Naples, Via Claudio, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Radiology Unit, "Dipartimento di supporto ai percorsi oncologici Area Diagnostica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Pesapane
- Postgraduation School of Radiodiagnostic of Milan, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pompili
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Service, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ierardi
- Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology Service, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Saibene
- Otolaryngology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Moneghini
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, University of Milan, AO Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Biglioli
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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30
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Federau C. Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI as a means to measure in vivo perfusion: A review of the evidence. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30. [PMID: 28885745 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The idea that in vivo intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance signal is influenced by blood motion in the microvasculature is exciting, because it suggests that local and quantitative perfusion information can be obtained in a simple and elegant way from a few diffusion-weighted images, without contrast injection. When the method was proposed in the late 1980s some doubts appeared as to its feasibility, and, probably because the signal to noise and image quality at the time was not sufficient, no obvious experimental evidence could be produced to alleviate them. Helped by the tremendous improvements seen in the last three decades in MR hardware, pulse design, and post-processing capabilities, an increasing number of encouraging reports on the value of intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging have emerged. The aim of this article is to review the current published evidence on the feasibility of in vivo perfusion imaging with intravoxel incoherent motion MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Federau
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben, Basle, Switzerland
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31
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Maximov II, Tonoyan AS, Pronin IN. Differentiation of glioma malignancy grade using diffusion MRI. Phys Med 2017; 40:24-32. [PMID: 28712716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern diffusion MR protocols allow one to acquire the multi-shell diffusion data with high diffusion weightings in a clinically feasible time. In the present work we assessed three diffusion approaches based on diffusion and kurtosis tensor imaging (DTI, DKI), and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) as possible biomarkers for human brain glioma grade differentiation based on the one diffusion protocol. We used three diffusion weightings (so called b-values) equal to 0, 1000, and 2500s/mm2 with 60 non-coplanar diffusion directions in the case of non-zero b-values. The patient groups of the glioma grades II, III, and IV consist of 8 subjects per group. We found that DKI, and NODDI scalar metrics can be effectively used as glioma grade biomarkers with a significant difference (p<0.05) for grading between low- and high-grade gliomas, in particular, for glioma II versus glioma III grades, and glioma III versus glioma IV grades. The use of mean/axial kurtosis and intra-axonal fraction/orientation dispersion index metrics allowed us to obtain the most feasible and reliable differentiation criteria. For example, in the case of glioma grades II, III, and IV the mean kurtosis is equal to 0.31, 0.51, and 0.90, and the orientation dispersion index is equal to 0.14, 0.30, and 0.59, respectively. The limitations and perspectives of the biophysical diffusion models based on intra-/extra-axonal compartmentalisation for glioma differentiation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I Maximov
- Experimental Physics III, TU Dortmund University, 44221, Germany.
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32
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Temporal evolution of perfusion parameters in brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery: comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:119-127. [PMID: 28669014 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that is seeing increasing use in neuro-oncology and offers an alternative to contrast-enhanced perfusion techniques for evaluation of tumor blood volume after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). To date, IVIM has not been validated against contrast enhanced techniques for brain metastases after SRS. In the present study, we measure blood volume for 20 brain metastases (15 patients) at baseline, 1 week and 1 month after SRS using IVIM and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Correlation between blood volume measurements made with IVIM and DCE-MRI show poor correlation at baseline, 1 week, and 1 month post SRS (r = 0.33, 0.14 and 0.30 respectively). At 1 week after treatment, no significant change in tumor blood volume was found using IVIM or DCE-MRI (p = 0.81 and 0.41 respectively). At 1 month, DCE-MRI showed a significant decrease in blood volume (p = 0.0002). IVIM, on the other hand, demonstrated the opposite effect and showed a significant increase in blood volume at 1 month (p = 0.03). The results of this study indicate that blood volume measured with IVIM and DCE-MRI are not equivalent. While this may relate to differences in the type of perfusion information each technique is providing, it could also reflect a limitation of tumor blood volume measurements made with IVIM after SRS. IVIM measurements of tumor blood volume in the month after SRS should therefore be interpreted with caution.
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33
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Conklin J, Heyn C, Roux M, Cerny M, Wintermark M, Federau C. A Simplified Model for Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Perfusion Imaging of the Brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2251-2257. [PMID: 27561834 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite a recent resurgence, intravoxel incoherent motion MRI faces practical challenges, including limited SNR and demanding acquisition and postprocessing requirements. A simplified approach using linear fitting of a subset of higher b-values has seen success in other organ systems. We sought to validate this method for evaluation of brain pathology by comparing perfusion measurements using simplified linear fitting to conventional biexponential fitting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine patients with gliomas and 17 with acute strokes underwent 3T MRI, including DWI with 16 b-values (range, 0-900 s/mm2). Conventional intravoxel incoherent motion was performed using nonlinear fitting of the standard biexponential equation. Simplified intravoxel incoherent motion was performed using linear fitting of the log-normalized signal curves for subsets of b-values >200 s/mm2. Comparisons between ROIs (tumors, strokes, contralateral brain) and between models (biexponential and simplified linear) were performed by using 2-way ANOVA. The root mean square error and coefficient of determination (R2) were computed for the simplified model, with biexponential fitting as the reference standard. RESULTS Perfusion maps using simplified linear fitting were qualitatively similar to conventional biexponential fitting. The perfusion fraction was elevated in high-grade (n = 33) compared to low-grade (n = 16) gliomas and was reduced in strokes compared to the contralateral brain (P < .001 for both main effects). Decreasing the number of b-values used for linear fitting resulted in reduced accuracy (higher root mean square error and lower R2) compared with full biexponential fitting. CONCLUSIONS Intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion imaging of common brain pathology can be performed by using simplified linear fitting, with preservation of clinically relevant perfusion information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Conklin
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (J.C., C.H.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Heyn
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (J.C., C.H.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Roux
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (M.R., M.C., C.F.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Cerny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (M.R., M.C., C.F.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Wintermark
- Department of Radiology (M.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Radiology (M.W., C.F.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - C Federau
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (M.R., M.C., C.F.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,Department of Radiology (M.W., C.F.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
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