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Elective Target Coverage for Pancreatic Cancer: When Less Does Not Clearly Achieve More. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:143-145. [PMID: 34919872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Brunner TB, Haustermans K, Huguet F, Morganti AG, Mukherjee S, Belka C, Krempien R, Hawkins MA, Valentini V, Roeder F. ESTRO ACROP guidelines for target volume definition in pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021; 154:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hiroshima Y, Fukumitsu N, Saito T, Numajiri H, Murofushi KN, Ohnishi K, Nonaka T, Ishikawa H, Okumura T, Sakurai H. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy using proton beams for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2019; 136:37-43. [PMID: 31015127 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated clinical outcomes of proton beam concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records from 42 unresectable LAPC patients (21 male and 21 female, 39-83 years old) with IIB/III clinical staging of 1/41 treated by proton beam CCRT were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve patients received a conventional 50 Gray equivalents (GyE) in 25 fractions protocol and 30 others received a higher dose protocol of 54.0-67.5 GyE in 25-33 fractions. Gemcitabine or S-1 (Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil) was used concurrently. Toxicity, overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) were examined. RESULTS Acute adverse events of grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 were found in 4, 15, 17 and 2 patients, respectively. All grade 3 and 4 events were hematologic. Late adverse events of grades 1 and 2 were found in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. No late adverse effects of grade 3 or higher were observed. The 1-year/2-year OS rates from the start of CCRT were 77.8/50.8% with median survival time (MST) of 25.6 months. The 1-year/2-year LC rate from CCRT start was 83.3/78.9% with a median time to local recurrence of more than 36 months. Total irradiation dose was the only significant factor in univariate analyses of OS and LC (p = 0.015 and 0.023, respectively). CONCLUSION Proton beam CCRT lengthened survival periods compared to previous photon CCRT data and higher dose irradiation prolonged LC and OS for unresectable LAPC patients. Proton beam therapy is therefore safe and effective in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hiroshima
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Fukumitsu
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Haruko Numajiri
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nemoto Murofushi
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohnishi
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nonaka
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Full-dose Gemcitabine and Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy for Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2016; 39:1-7. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yang YF, Cao XH, Bao CE, Wan X. Concurrent radiotherapy with oral fluoropyrimidine versus gemcitabine in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3315-22. [PMID: 26635481 PMCID: PMC4646586 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gemcitabine (GEM) is the most widely utilized systemic agent in combination with radiation therapy (RT) for treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) in the concurrent setting. Despite recent interest in using two novel oral fluoropyrimidines (FUs), capecitabine and S-1, in this setting, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support this approach. Methods Trials published between 1994 and 2014 were identified by an electronic search of public databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library). All prospective studies were independently identified by two authors for inclusion. Demographic data, treatment response, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS, respectively), and toxicities were extracted and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software (version 2.0). Results Twenty-three cohorts with 843 patients were included: 497 patients were treated with GEM and 346 patients were treated with oral FU. Pooled OS was significantly higher at 1 and 2 years for S-1 plus RT than for GEM plus RT (relative risk [RR] 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.65; P=0.03; and RR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.18–2.60, P=0.002, respectively), while 1-year PFS and ORR were not significantly different between S-1 and GEM-based chemoradiotherapy (P=0.37 and P=0.06, respectively). Additionally, comparable efficacy was found between capecitabine and GEM-based chemoradiotherapy in terms of OS, PFS, and ORR. As for grade 3 and 4 acute toxicity, oral FU plus RT significantly reduced the risk of developing hematologic toxicities, nausea, and vomiting when compared to GEM plus RT (P<0.001). Conclusions Oral FU plus RT may be a safe and feasible regimen for patients with LAPC, with similar efficacy and low rate of toxicities compared with GEM plus RT. Our findings support the need to compare S-1 with GEM in the concurrent setting in large prospective RCTs due to its potential survival benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-En Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Tachezy M, Gebauer F, Petersen C, Arnold D, Trepel M, Wegscheider K, Schafhausen P, Bockhorn M, Izbicki JR, Yekebas E. Sequential neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by curative surgery vs. primary surgery alone for resectable, non-metastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma: NEOPA- a randomized multicenter phase III study (NCT01900327, DRKS00003893, ISRCTN82191749). BMC Cancer 2014; 14:411. [PMID: 24906700 PMCID: PMC4057592 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Median OS after surgery in curative intent for non-metastasized pancreas cancer ranges under study conditions from 17.9 months to 23.6 months. Tumor recurrence occurs locally, at distant sites (liver, peritoneum, lungs), or both. Observational and autopsy series report local recurrence rates of up to 87% even after potentially "curative" R0 resection. To achieve better local control, neoadjuvant CRT has been suggested for preoperative tumour downsizing, to elevate the likelihood of curative, margin-negative R0 resection and to increase the OS rate. However, controlled, randomized trials addressing the impact of neoadjuvant CRT survival do not exist. METHODS/DESIGN The underlying hypothesis of this randomized, two-armed, open-label, multicenter, phase III trial is that neoadjuvant CRT increases the three-year overall survival by 12% compared to patients undergoing upfront surgery for resectable pancreatic cancer. A rigorous, standardized technique of histopathologically handling Whipple specimens will be applied at all participating centers. Overall, 410 patients (n=205 in each study arm) will be enrolled in the trial, taking into regard an expected drop out rate of 7% and allocated either to receive neoadjuvant CRT prior to surgery or to undergo surgery alone. Circumferential resection margin status, i.e. R0 and R1 rates, respectively, surgical resectability rate, local and distant disease-free and global survival, and first site of tumor recurrence constitute further essential endpoints of the trial. DISCUSSION For the first time, the NEOPA study investigates the impact of neoadjuvant CRT on survival of resectable pancreas head cancer in a prospectively randomized manner. The results of the study have the potential to change substantially the treatment regimen of pancreas cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial gov: NCT01900327, DRKS00003893, ISRCTN82191749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tachezy
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Arnold
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Tumor Biology Center- Freiburg im Breisgau, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Martin Trepel
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) - Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Phillipe Schafhausen
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) - Hubertus Wald Tumor Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jakob Robert Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Emre Yekebas
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Departement of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Darmstadt Clinic, Darmstadt, Germany
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Zhou G, Chiu D, Qin D, Niu L, Cai J, He L, Tan D, Xu K. Expression of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 for the prognosis evaluation of pancreatic cancer patients after cryosurgery. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:146. [PMID: 24004467 PMCID: PMC3846138 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many previous studies demonstrated that cell adhesion molecules CD44v6 and integrin-β1 had been extensively investigated as potential prognostic markers of various cancers. However, data in PC are scarce. METHODS We now investigate CD44v6 and integrin-β1 mRNA expression in PBMC by a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay and protein expression in plasma by ELISA. All specimens were collected from 54 PC patients who received the treatment of cryosurgery as well as 20 healthy individuals (control). RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 in patients were significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.05). The high CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression were significantly correlated with clinical stage, tumor differentiation, LNM, liver metastasis and decreased median DFS (P<0.05), while the high integrin-β1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly correlated with clinical stage, LNM, liver metastasis and decreased median DFS (P<0.05). Clinical stage, LNM, liver metastasis, CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression were the independent predictors of survival in PC patients (P<0.05). Moreover, CD44v6 and integrin-β1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased in patients in 3 months after cryosurgery (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression between patients in 3 months after cryosurgery and control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION CD44v6 and integrin-β1 mRNA and protein expression in blood may serve as biomarkers for the development and metastasis of PC, and as prognostic indicators for PC. They may become useful predictors in assessing outcome of PC patients after cryosurgery. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4035308681009006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510305, China
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - David Chiu
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510305, China
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510305, China
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510305, China
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Jinlei Cai
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510305, China
| | - Lihua He
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510305, China
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510305, China
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou 510665, China
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The efficacy evaluation of cryosurgery in pancreatic cancer patients with the expression of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA. Mol Biotechnol 2013. [PMID: 22382453 DOI: 10.1007/s12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of cell adhesion molecule CD44v6, integrin-β1, carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are closely associated with the progression and metastasis of numerous cancers. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and serum samples were collected from 37 pancreatic cancer patients and 12 healthy people. A novel triplex TaqMan real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to measure the expression levels of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 gene in PBMCs, while chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure the levels of CA199 and CEA expression in serum. The results showed that both the levels of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 expression had significant correlation with clinical stage, lymph node, and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer (P < 0.05). Age, tumor size, tumor differentiation, clinical stage, lymph nodes, and liver metastasis were significantly associated with the levels of CA199 and CEA expression (P < 0.05). The levels of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA expression in the patients prior cryosurgery and chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between the patients 1 month post cryosurgery and control group (P > 0.05). The expression levels of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA in the patients 1 month post cryosurgery were significantly lower than those in the patients prior cryosurgery (P < 0.05). Interestingly, no significant difference was found for the CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA levels between the patients prior and post-chemotherapy (P > 0.05). The higher expression of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA are closely related to the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and may play a important role in the curative evaluation of cryosurgery of pancreatic cancer.
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Zhou G, Chiu D, Qin D, Niu L, Cai J, He L, Huang W, Xu K. The efficacy evaluation of cryosurgery in pancreatic cancer patients with the expression of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 52:59-67. [PMID: 22382453 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of cell adhesion molecule CD44v6, integrin-β1, carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are closely associated with the progression and metastasis of numerous cancers. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and serum samples were collected from 37 pancreatic cancer patients and 12 healthy people. A novel triplex TaqMan real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to measure the expression levels of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 gene in PBMCs, while chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure the levels of CA199 and CEA expression in serum. The results showed that both the levels of CD44v6 and integrin-β1 expression had significant correlation with clinical stage, lymph node, and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer (P < 0.05). Age, tumor size, tumor differentiation, clinical stage, lymph nodes, and liver metastasis were significantly associated with the levels of CA199 and CEA expression (P < 0.05). The levels of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA expression in the patients prior cryosurgery and chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between the patients 1 month post cryosurgery and control group (P > 0.05). The expression levels of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA in the patients 1 month post cryosurgery were significantly lower than those in the patients prior cryosurgery (P < 0.05). Interestingly, no significant difference was found for the CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA levels between the patients prior and post-chemotherapy (P > 0.05). The higher expression of CD44v6, integrin-β1, CA199, and CEA are closely related to the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and may play a important role in the curative evaluation of cryosurgery of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The GIBH Affiliated Fuda Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chigang, Guangzhou 510305, China.
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Topkan E, Parlak C, Yapar F. Impact of omission of elective nodal irradiation on treatment outcomes in locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Pancreatology 2012; 12:434-9. [PMID: 23127533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated influence of limited-field radiotherapy with no elective nodal irradiation (ENI) on outcomes and toxicity profile in patients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPAC), treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT). METHODS Thirty-five patients with histological proof of LAPAC underwent 50.4Gy of C-CRT with 5-FU followed by maintenance gemcitabine. Target volume included primary tumor and lymph nodes that appeared to be involved on either contrast-enhanced computerized tomography or 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography. RESULTS No grade 4/5 acute/late toxicity was reported at median 15.7 months. Acute hematologic plus non-hematologic grade 3 toxicity was noted in 10 (28.6%) patients. At long-term, 2 patients (5.7%) experienced grade 3 gastric outlet obstructions at 8.7 and 10.9 months, respectively. No isolated regional relapses were noted. Median overall-survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and locoregional-PFS (LRPFS) were 15.2, 9.1 and 7.3 months, respectively. Corresponding 1- and 2-year survival estimates were 60.0% and 20.0% for OS, 41.9% and 17.4% for LRPFS, and 34.0% and 12.7% for PFS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared to ENI literature, first report of a limited-field C-CRT study carried out in Turkey showed that omission of ENI was relatively well tolerated without compromising survival and locoregional control rates in patients with LAPAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Topkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Adana, Kisla Saglik Yerleskesi, Adana, Turkey.
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Topkan E, Parlak C, Kotek A, Yapar AF, Pehlivan B. Predictive value of metabolic 18FDG-PET response on outcomes in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. BMC Gastroenterol 2011; 11:123. [PMID: 22074002 PMCID: PMC3224773 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-11-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the predictive value of combined 18F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computerized tomography (FDG-PET-CT), on outcomes in locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC) patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT). METHODS Thirty-two unresectable LAPC patients received 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/fr) of RT and concurrent 5-FU followed by 4 to 6 cycles of gemcitabine consolidation. Response was evaluated by FDG-PET-CT at post-C-CRT 12-week. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the median difference between pre- and post-treatment maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) as an indicator of response for comparative analysis. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 16.1 months, 16 (50.0%) patients experienced local/regional failures, 6 of which were detected on the first follow-up FDG-PET-CT. There were no marginal or isolated regional failures. Median pre- and post-treatment SUVmax and median difference were 14.5, 3.9, and -63.7%, respectively. Median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS) were 14.5, 7.3, and 10.3 months, respectively. Median OS, PFS, and LRPFS for those with greater (N = 16) versus lesser (N = 16) SUVmax change were 17.0 versus 9.8 (p = 0.001), 8.4 versus 3.8 (p = 0.005), and 12.3 versus 6.9 months (p = 0.02), respectively. On multivariate analysis, SUVmax difference was predictive of OS, PFS, and LRPFS, independent of existing covariates. CONCLUSIONS Significantly higher OS, PFS, and LRPFS in patients with greater SUVmax difference suggest that FDG-PET-CT-based metabolic response assessment is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in LAPC patients treated with definitive C-CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Topkan
- Baskent University Adana Medical Faculty, Department of Radiation Oncology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cem Parlak
- Baskent University Adana Medical Faculty, Department of Radiation Oncology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kotek
- Baskent University Adana Medical Faculty, Department of Radiation Oncology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Fuat Yapar
- Baskent University Adana Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Berrin Pehlivan
- Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Radiation Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
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Ogawa K, Ito Y, Hirokawa N, Shibuya K, Kokubo M, Ogo E, Shibuya H, Saito T, Onishi H, Karasawa K, Nemoto K, Nishimura Y. Concurrent radiotherapy and gemcitabine for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 83:559-65. [PMID: 22019243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively analyze results of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using gemcitabine (GEM) for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Records of 108 patients treated with concurrent external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and GEM were reviewed. The median dose of EBRT in all 108 patients was 50.4 Gy (range, 3.6-60.8 Gy), usually administered in conventional fractionations (1.8-2 Gy/day). During radiotherapy, most patients received GEM at a dosage of 250 to 350 mg/m(2) intravenously weekly for approximately 6 weeks. After CCRT, 59 patients (54.6%) were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), mainly with GEM. The median follow-up for all 108 patients was 11.0 months (range, 0.4-37.9 months). RESULTS Initial responses after CCRT for 85 patients were partial response: 26 patients, no change: 51 patients and progressive disease: 8 patients. Local progression was observed in 35 patients (32.4%), and the 2-year local control (LC) rate in all patients was 41.9%. Patients treated with total doses of 50 Gy or more had significantly more favorable LC rates (2-year LC rate, 42.9%) than patients treated with total doses of less than 50 Gy (2-year LC rate, 29.6%). Regional lymph node recurrence was found in only 1 patient, and none of the 57 patients with clinical N0 disease had regional lymph node recurrence. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate and the median survival time in all patients were 23.5% and 11.6 months, respectively. Patients treated with AC had significantly more favorable OS rates (2-year OS, 31.8%) than those treated without AC (2-year OS, 12.4%; p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, AC use and clinical T stage were significant prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS CCRT using GEM yields a relatively favorable LC rate for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and CCRT with AC conferred a survival benefit compared to CCRT without AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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Andriulli A, Festa V, Botteri E, Valvano MR, Koch M, Bassi C, Maisonneuve P, Sebastiano PD. Neoadjuvant/preoperative gemcitabine for patients with localized pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19:1644-62. [PMID: 22012027 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-2110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term prognosis for localized pancreatic cancer remains poor. We sought to assess the benefit of neoadjuvant/preoperative chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. METHODS Prospective studies where gemcitabine with or without radiotherapy was provided before surgery in patients with initially resectable or unresectable disease were reviewed by meta-analysis. Primary outcome was survival, and secondary outcomes were tumor response after therapy, toxicity, surgical exploration, and resection rates. RESULTS Twenty independent studies with 707 participants were included, 366 with resectable lesions and 341 with unresectable lesions. Seven studies were phase I/II trials, 10 phase II, and 3 prospective cohort studies. Estimated 1- and 2-year survival probabilities after resection were 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75-100) and 67.2% (95% CI 38-87) for initially resectable patients, and 86.3% (95% CI 78-100) and 54.2% (95% CI 25-100) for initially unresectable patients. The complete/partial response rate was 12% (95% CI 4-23) and 27% (95% CI 18-38) in resectable and unresectable lesions, respectively. The rate of treatment-related grade 3-4 toxicity was 31% (95% CI 21-42). Of resectable patients evaluable after restaging, 91% (95% CI 83-97) underwent surgery, and 82% (95% CI 65-95) of explored patients underwent resection. R0 resections amounted to 89% (95% CI 83-94). Of unresectable patients evaluable after restaging, 39% (95% CI 28-50) underwent surgery, and 68% (95% CI 53-82) of explored patients were resected, with 60% (95% CI 50-71) R0 resections. CONCLUSIONS Current analysis provides marginal support to the assumed benefits of neoadjuvant therapies for patients with resectable cancer, and indicates a potential advantage only for a minority of those with unresectable lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Regional hyperthermia combined with chemoradiotherapy in primary or recurrent locally advanced pancreatic cancer : an open-label comparative cohort trial. Strahlenther Onkol 2011; 187:619-25. [PMID: 21932025 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-011-2226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic effect of delivering regional hyperthermia (HT) plus chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients suffering from locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC). METHODS Between January 2000 and December 2008, 68 patients affected by primary (56/68) or recurrent (12/68) LAPC were treated either with CRT alone or CRT plus HT. Radiotherapy (RT) consisted of 3D conformal irradiation of tumor and regional lymph nodes (dose ranged from 30 Gy/10 fractions to 66 Gy/33 fractions). Chemotherapy (CT) consisted of gemcitabine (GEM) alone or in association with either oxaliplatin, cisplatin, or 5-FU. HT was delivered twice a week, concomitant with RT. RESULTS In the current study, 60 of the original 68 patients were included. Median overall survival (OS) was 15 months in the HT group versus 11 months in the control group (log-rank test: p = 0.025). HT did not increase CRT toxicity. CONCLUSION HT can be added safely to CRT in LAPC, thus, resulting in slightly prolonged survival in certain cases.
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Mamon HJ, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, Tan BR, Mayer RJ, Tepper JE, Goldberg RM, Blackstock AW, Fuchs CS. A phase 2 trial of gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and radiation therapy in locally advanced nonmetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma : cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 80003. Cancer 2011; 117:2620-8. [PMID: 21656739 PMCID: PMC3116970 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and gemcitabine administered concurrently with radiation in patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer. METHODS Eligible patients had histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma deemed locally unresectable without evidence of metastatic disease. In addition, all patients underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy before study entry to rule out peritoneal carcinomatosis. Patients received radiation therapy (50.4 Gy) with concurrent infusional 5FU (200 mg/m(2) 5 days/week) and weekly gemcitabine (200 mg/m(2) ). After a 3-week break, patients received weekly gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m(2) for 3 of 4 weeks, for 4 cycles. The primary endpoint of the trial was the proportion of patients surviving 9 months from study entry. Secondary endpoints included objective tumor response, CA19-9 response, overall survival (OS) time to progression (TTP), and toxicity. RESULTS Between November 2001 and October 2004, 81 patients were enrolled, 78 of whom were eligible for analysis. With a median follow-up of 55.2 months, the median OS was 12.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9-14.9) and the median TTP was 10 months (95% CI, 6.4-12.0). An objective tumor response was seen in 19 patients (25%), and among 56 patients with an elevated CA19-9 at baseline, 29 (52%) had a sustained CA19-9 response. Overall, 41% of patients had grade 3 or greater treatment-related gastrointestinal adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The combination of 5FU, gemcitabine, and radiation is well tolerated. Survival is comparable with the best results of other recent studies of 5FU and radiation or gemcitabine and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Mamon
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Robertson JM, Margolis J, Jury RP, Balaraman S, Cotant MB, Ballouz S, Boxwala IG, Jaiyesimi IA, Nadeau L, Hardy-Carlson M, Marvin KS, Wallace M, Ye H. Phase I study of conformal radiotherapy and concurrent full-dose gemcitabine with erlotinib for unresected pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 82:e187-92. [PMID: 21549514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the recommended dose of radiotherapy when combined with full-dose gemcitabine and erlotinib for unresected pancreas cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with unresected pancreatic cancer (Zubrod performance status 0-2) were eligible for the present study. Gemcitabine was given weekly for 7 weeks (1,000 mg/m(2)) with erlotinib daily for 8 weeks (100 mg). A final toxicity assessment was performed in Week 9. Radiotherapy (starting at 30 Gy in 2-Gy fractions, 5 d/wk) was given to the gross tumor plus a 1-cm margin starting with the first dose of gemcitabine. A standard 3 plus 3 dose escalation (an additional 4 Gy within 2 days for each dose level) was used, except for the starting dose level, which was scheduled to contain 6 patients. In general, Grade 3 or greater gastrointestinal toxicity was considered a dose-limiting toxicity, except for Grade 3 anorexia or Grade 3 fatigue alone. RESULTS A total of 20 patients were treated (10 men and 10 women). Nausea, vomiting, and infection were significantly associated with the radiation dose (p = .01, p = .03, and p = .03, respectively). Of the 20 patients, 5 did not complete treatment and were not evaluable for dose-escalation purposes (3 who developed progressive disease during treatment and 2 who electively discontinued it). Dose-limiting toxicity occurred in none of 6 patients at 30 Gy, 2 of 6 at 34 Gy, and 1 of 3 patients at 38 Gy. CONCLUSION The results of the present study have indicated that the recommended Phase II dose is 30 Gy in 15 fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Robertson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
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Jackson ASN, Jain P, Watkins GR, Whitfield GA, Green MM, Valle J, Taylor MB, Dickinson C, Price PM, Saleem A. Efficacy and tolerability of limited field radiotherapy with concurrent capecitabine in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2010; 22:570-7. [PMID: 20650619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) are most commonly managed with chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which may or may not include non-involved regional lymph nodes in the clinical target volume. We present our results of CRT for LAPC using capecitabine and delivering radiotherapy to a limited radiation field that excluded non-involved regional lymph nodes from the clinical target volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients were studied. Patients received 50.4 Gy external beam radiotherapy in 28 fractions, delivered to a planning target volume expanded from the primary tumour and involved nodes only. Capecitabine (500-600 mg/m2) was given twice daily continuously during radiotherapy. Toxicity and efficacy data were prospectively collected. RESULTS Nausea, vomiting and tumour pain were the most common grade 2 toxicities. One patient developed grade 3 nausea. The median time to progression was 8.8 months, with 20% remaining progression free at 1 year. The median overall survival was 9.7 months with a 1 year survival of 30%. Of 21 patients with imaged progression, 13 (62%) progressed systemically, three (14%) had local progression, two (10%) had locoregional progression and three (14%) progressed with both local/locoregional and systemic disease. CONCLUSION CRT using capecitabine and limited field radiotherapy is a well-tolerated, relatively efficacious treatment for LAPC. The low toxicity and low regional progression rates support the use of limited field radiotherapy, allowing evaluation of this regimen with other anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S N Jackson
- Academic Radiation Oncology, The University of Manchester, Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Ozkok S, Demirci S, Yalman D, Zeytunlu M, Nart D, Yuzer Y, Coker A, Goker E. Postoperative Gemcitabine Alone and Concurrent with Radiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2010; 96:560-7. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161009600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background To evaluate the treatment results of gemcitabine alone and concurrent with radiotherapy after R0/R1 resection of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods and study design From 1999 to 2005, 55 patients with stage II resected pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine-based radiochemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Initially, one cycle of induction gemcitabine was administered and followed by weekly gemcitabine concurrent with radiotherapy. After the completion of radiochemotherapy, patients received 3 additional courses of gemcitabine. Results Thirteen patients were stage IIA and 42 were stage IIB. Forty-six patients (83.6%) had R0 and 9 patients (16.4%) had R1 resection. All of the patients received induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, all but 3 received concurrent radiochemotherapy, and 46 (84%) patients received maintenance chemotherapy. During induction, concurrent and maintenance phases of the protocol, 11%, 13.5% and 19.5% of the patients had at least one ≥grade 3 toxicity, respectively. Within a median 47 months (range, 34–105) of follow-up, 4 (7.3%) patients had isolated local recurrence, 5 (9%) patients had local recurrence and distant metastases, and 27 (49%) had only distant metastases. Median disease-free survival and overall survival were 13 (range, 4-105) and 19 months (range, 6-105), respectively. In multivariate analysis, nodal stage, AJCC stage and number of lymph nodes dissected were the significant factors affecting disease-free survival whereas Karnofsky performance status was the only significant factor for overall survival. Conclusions The prognosis for pancreatic cancer remains poor despite adjuvant radiochemotherapy. More aggressive treatments should be considered in patients with unfavorable prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Ozkok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Senem Demirci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yalman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Zeytunlu
- Department of General Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Nart
- Department of Pathology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yildiray Yuzer
- Department of General Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Coker
- Department of General Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Goker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Tulay Aktas Oncology Hospital, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Nishida T, Tsutsui S, Yamamoto K, Konishi K, Hayashi Y, Iijima H, Tsujii M, Takeda Y, Kitagawa T, Yoshioka Y, Inoue T, Hayashi N. Phase I trial of gemcitabine dose escalation with concurrent radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2010; 10:60-5. [PMID: 20332663 DOI: 10.1159/000231978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The safety and efficacy, and the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine administered in conjunction with radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer are not yet established. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy, DLT, and maximum tolerated dose of gemcitabine with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Tumor response and time to progression were also assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated pancreatic cancer (n = 12) received gemcitabine intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15. Concurrent radiation therapy was initiated on day 1 (40 Gy in 2 Gy/day x 20 fractions, days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26). Patients received limited-field irradiation with three-dimensional radiotherapy. Dose escalation included dose levels 1-3 (gemcitabine 400, 600, and 800 mg/m(2)). RESULTS No patient developed DLT in this study. Of the 12 patients, there were 11 sustained responses, 0 partial responses, and 1 progressive disease. Two patients with a sustained response underwent surgery after re-evaluation. The median progression-free survival was 8 months, not including the patients that underwent surgery. CONCLUSION Weekly gemcitabine at a dose of 800 mg/m(2) with concurrent radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer was well tolerated. and IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Downstaging of pancreatic carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Strahlenther Onkol 2009; 185:557-66. [PMID: 19756421 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-009-1977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemoradiation could improve survival in patients with pancreatic cancer because of a higher rate of R0 resections, lower rate of nodal metastasis (ypN) and of local recurrence. This approach was tested in a cohort to estimate its effect on survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three-dimensional, conformal radiation to the primary tumor (55.8 Gy) and the lymphatics (50.4 Gy) was combined with chemotherapy. Resection was performed 6 weeks after completion of chemoradiation. RESULTS 38 of 120 patients with locally advanced cancer underwent tumor resection thereafter. Three patients (8%) had pathologic complete response. Median tumor-specific survival was 29 months and overall survival 25 months. Patients with clear margins (35/38; 89%) had a 3-year disease-specific survival rate of 51% versus 0% with positive margins (p = 0.008). Nodal disease rate decreased from 50% at pretherapeutic imaging to 32% at resection. Patients with ypN0 status (n = 26/38) had a 3-year tumor-specific survival rate of 50% compared to 31% in patients with ypN1 status. At multivariate analysis, resection status and nodal spread significantly predicted tumor-specific survival. Chemoradiation was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION The current results support randomized testing of neoadjuvant chemoradiation to prove survival prolongation. Compared to the literature this approach seems to reduce the number of positive nodes.
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Maximous DW, Abdel-Wanis ME, El-Sayed MI, Abd-Elsayed AA. Preoperative gemcitabine based chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced non metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int Arch Med 2009; 2:7. [PMID: 19327152 PMCID: PMC2667390 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Almost 30% of patients with pancreatic cancer have locally advanced tumours in absence of distant metastasis. Surgical resection is often contraindicated. The combination of gemcitabine with concurrent radiation therapy is a promising new approach that is being investigated for treating patients' unresectable pancreatic cancer. This work aims at assessing the efficacy of preoperative gemcitabine based chemo-radiotherapy in increasing the resectability rate for patients' locally advanced pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS From March 2006 to November 2007, 25 patients with locally advanced non metastatic pancreatic cancer were treated by preoperative gemcitabine based chemo-radiotherapy. The radiation dose was 54 Gray in 30 fractions over 6 weeks prescribed to the isocenter. Gemcitabine (300 mg/m2) was given through a 30 minute intravenous infusion. This was done 30 minutes before the radiation sitting on a weekly basis throughout the radiotherapy course.Approximately 6 weeks after the completion of chemo radiation, an evaluation was performed regarding tumour response and resectability as well as acute toxicity. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed for operable patients with surgical reconstruction. RESULTS Patients who achieved complete resection (CR) numbered 2 (8%), while those achieving partial resection (PR) totalled 11 (44%); six of these patients were considered ro be operable. Thus Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed on 8 patients (2 with CR and 6 with PR) with surgical reconstruction. Patients who had a stable disease numbered 4 (16%), and those with progressive diseases included a group of eight (32%). The postoperative 30 day mortality occurred only in one patient (12.5%). Acute toxicity of chemoradiation occurred in the form of grade I leucopoenia and thrombocytopenia. Hepatic toxicity, nausea, and vomiting were found in 8 patients (32%), 10 patients (40%) and 4 patients (16%), respectively. The postoperative 30 day mortality occurred only in 1 patient. Also, minor biliary leakage and leakage from gastrointestinal anaestomosis both occurred in a single patient. Out of the 8 patients who underwent radical surgical resection, only one developed local recurrence and simultaneous liver metastasis during the follow up period. The median survival of all patients was 12 months. CONCLUSION Preoperative gemcitabine based chemoradiation might benefit patients with locally advanced non metastatic pancreatic cancer by increasing the resectability without significant acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa W Maximous
- Department of surgical oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Abdel-Wanis
- Department of radiotherapy, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I El-Sayed
- Department of radiotherapy, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Abd-Elsayed
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Ohguri T, Imada H, Yahara K, Narisada H, Morioka T, Nakano K, Korogi Y. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with gemcitabine plus regional hyperthermia for locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma: initial experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 26:587-96. [PMID: 19132489 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-008-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with gemcitabine plus regional hyperthermia (HT) for locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 patients with LAPC treated with concurrent CRT using gemcitabine were retrospectively analyzed. Radiotherapy was administered with a median total dose of 61.2 Gy. Of the 29 patients, 20 (69%) also underwent regional HT during CRT (CRHT group). The remaining 9 patients did not receive regional HT (CRT group) because of a common bile duct stent placement, patient refusal, older age, or obesity. The efficacy and toxicity of the treatments and the predictors of good outcome were evaluated. RESULTS The median disease progression-free and overall survival times were significantly better for the CRHT group than for the CRT group (8.8 vs. 4.9 months, P = 0.02, and 18.6 vs. 9.6 months, P = 0.01), respectively. Grade 3-4 hematological toxicities for the CRHT group were detected in eight patients (40%) and grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity in one (diarrhea). CONCLUSION Concurrent CRT using gemcitabine with regional HT may be a feasible and promising regimen for LAPC, and the results justified further evaluation in a large number of patients to confirm its definite benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohguri
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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van Bree C, Rodermond H, Leen R, Medema J, van Kuilenburg A. Cyclopentenyl cytosine increases gemcitabine radiosensitisation in human pancreatic cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1226-33. [PMID: 18349845 PMCID: PMC2359636 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The deoxycytidine analogue 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (dFdC, gemcitabine) is a potent radiosensitiser, but has limited efficacy in combination with radiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer due to acute toxicity. We investigated whether cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC), targetting the ‘de novo’ biosynthesis of cytidine triphosphate (CTP), could increase dFdC cytotoxicity alone or in combination with irradiation in a panel of human pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1, Miapaca-2, BxPC-3). To investigate the role of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), the rate-limiting enzyme in the activation of dFdC, human lung cancer cells without (dFdC-resistant SWg) and with an intact dCK gene (dFdC-sensitive SWp) were included. We found that CPEC (100–1000 nmol l−1) specifically reduced CTP levels in a dose-dependent manner that lasted up to 72 h in all cell lines. Preincubation with CPEC resulted in a dose-dependent increase in dFdC incorporated into the DNA only in dFdC-sensitive cells. Consequently, CPEC increased the effectiveness of dFdC (300 nmol l−1 for 4 h) only in dFdC-sensitive cells, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis. We also found that CPEC enhanced the radiosensitivity of cells treated with dFdC (30–300 nmol l−1 for 4 h). These results indicate that CPEC enhances the cytotoxicity of dFdC alone and in combination with irradiation in several human tumour cell lines with an intact dCK gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C van Bree
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Centre-University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Centre for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xu KC, Niu LZ, Hu YZ, He WB, He YS, Li YF, Zuo JS. A pilot study on combination of cryosurgery and 125iodine seed implantation for treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1603-11. [PMID: 18330956 PMCID: PMC2693760 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the therapeutic value of combination of cryosurgery and 125iodine seed implantation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
METHODS: Forty-nine patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (males 36, females 13), with a median age of 59 years, were enrolled in the study. Twelve patients had liver metastases. In all cases the tumors were considered unresectable after a comprehensive evaluation. Patients were treated with cryosurgery, which was performed intraoperatively or percutaneously under guidance of ultrasound and/or computed tomography (CT), and 125iodine seed implantation, which was performed during cryosurgery or post-cryosurgery under guidance of ultrasound and/or CT. A few patients received regional celiac artery chemotherapy.
RESULTS: Thirteen patients received intraoperative cryosurgery and 36 received percutaneous cryosurgery. Some patients underwent repeat cryosurgery. 125Iodine seed implantation was performed during freezing procedure in 35 patients and 3-9 d after cryosurgery in 14 cases. Twenty patients, 10 of whom had hepatic metastases received regional chemotherapy. At 3 mo after therapy, CT was repeated to estimate tumor response to therapy. Most patients showed varying degrees of tumor necrosis. Complete response (CR) of tumor was seen in 20.4% patients, partial response (PR), in 38.8%, stable disease (SD), in 30.6%, and progressive disease (PD), in 10.2%. Adverse effects associated with cryosurgery included upper abdomen pain and increased serum amylase. Acute pancreatitis was seen in 6 patients one of whom developed severe pancreatitis. All adverse effects were controlled by medical management with no poor outcome. There was no therapy-related mortality. During a median follow-up of 18 mo (range of 5-40), the median survival was 16.2 mo, with 26 patients (53.1%) surviving for 12 mo or more. Overall, the 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-mo survival rates were 94.9%, 63.1%, 22.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Eight patients had survival of 24 mo or more. The patient with the longest survival (40 mo) is still living without evidence of tumor recurrence.
CONCLUSION: Cryosurgery, which is far less invasive than conventional pancreatic resection, and is associated with a low rate of adverse effects, should be the treatment of choice for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. 125Iodine seed implantation can destroy the residual surviving cancer cells after cryosurgery. Hence, a combination of both modalities has a complementary effect.
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Xu KC, Niu LZ, Hu YZ, He WB, He YS, Zuo JS. Cryosurgery with combination of (125)iodine seed implantation for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. J Dig Dis 2008; 9:32-40. [PMID: 18251792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-9573.2007.00322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic value of cryosurgery with combination of (125)iodine seed implantation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology in 31 patients. Ten patients had metastases of the peripancreatic lymph node and eight had liver metastases. The therapy included cryosurgery, which was performed intra-operatively or percutaneously under guidance of ultrasound and/or computed tomography (CT), and (125)iodine seed implantation, which was performed during cryosurgery process or post-cryosurgery under the guidance of ultrasound and/or CT. RESULTS Eleven patients received intra-operative cryosurgery and 27 received percutaneous cryosurgery. Fourteen patients underwent two procedures of cryosurgery and three underwent three procedures of cryosurgery. (125)Iodine seed implantation was performed during the freezing procedure in 29 patients and within 3-7 days after cryosurgery in nine patients under ultrasound and CT guidance. Fifteen patients, of whom 13 had metastases of peripancreatic lymph nodes or liver received regional chemotherapy. At 3 months after therapy, a CT follow-up was performed to estimate the tumor response to therapy. Most of the patients had varying degrees of tumor necrosis. A complete response of the tumor was seen in 23.6% of patients, a partial response in 42.1%, stable disease in 26.3% and progressive disease in 7.9%. The adverse effects associated with cryosurgery mainly included pain of the upper abdomen and increased serum amylase activity. Acute pancreatitis was seen in five patients, one of whom presented a severe type of pancreatitis. During the followed-up of a median of 16 months (range of 5-37) median overall survival was 12 months, 19 patients (50.0%) survived for 12 months or longer and four survived for 24 months or longer. CONCLUSION As it is far less invasive than conventional pancreas resection and entails a low rate of adverse effects, cryosurgery should be the choice modality for most patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. (125)Iodine seed implantation can destroy residue survival cancer cells after cryosurgery. Hence, combination of both modalities has a complementary effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng Xu
- Cryosurgery Center for Cancer, Fuda Cancer Hospital Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
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