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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Bao J, Zhang C, Chen J, Xuan H, Wang C, Wang S, Yin J, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. LncRNA JPX targets SERCA2a to mitigate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by binding to EZH2. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113572. [PMID: 36990422 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators in heart disease, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. LncRNA just proximal to XIST (JPX) is a molecular switch for X-chromosome inactivation. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is involved in chromatin compaction and gene repression. This study aims to explore the mechanism of JPX regulating the expression of Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) by binding to EZH2 and preventing cardiomyocyte I/R damage in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The adenovirus transfection technology was utilized before establishing the mouse myocardial I/R or HL1 cells hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model. Functional studies performed western blotting, qRT-PCR, ELISA, echocardiography, TTC-Evans blue staining, and TUNEL staining. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of EZH2, SERCA2a, anti-apoptosis protein Bcl2/Bax, cleaved-caspase 3/caspase 3, and cleaved-caspase 9/caspase 9. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and native RNA immunoprecipitations (RIP) assays were employed to verify the interaction between JPX and EZH2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to further explore the relationship between EZH2 and SERCA2a on the molecular level. RESULTS JPX overexpression alleviated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, reduced the I/R-induced infarct size in mouse hearts, lowered the serum cTnI concentration, and promoted mouse cardiac systolic function. The evidence implies that JPX can alleviate I/R-induced acute cardiac damage. Mechanistically, the FISH and RIP assays showed that JPX could bind to EZH2. The ChIP assay revealed EZH2 enrichment at the promoter region of SERCA2a. Both the EZH2 and H3K27me3 levels at the promoter region of SERCA2a were reduced in the JPX overexpression group compared to those in the Ad-EGFP group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS LncRNA JPX is directly bound to EZH2 and reduced the EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in the SERCA2a promoter region, protecting the heart from acute myocardial I/R injury. Therefore, JPX might be a potential therapeutic target for I/R injury.
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The Oxidative Balance Orchestrates the Main Keystones of the Functional Activity of Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7714542. [PMID: 35047109 PMCID: PMC8763515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed at providing an overview of the key hallmarks of cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main feature of cardiac tissue is the force generation through contraction. This process requires a conspicuous energy demand and therefore an active metabolism. The cardiac tissue is rich of mitochondria, the powerhouses in cells. These organelles, producing ATP, are also the main sources of ROS whose altered handling can cause their accumulation and therefore triggers detrimental effects on mitochondria themselves and other cell components thus leading to apoptosis and cardiac diseases. This review highlights the metabolic aspects of cardiomyocytes and wanders through the main systems of these cells: (a) the unique structural organization (such as different protein complexes represented by contractile, regulatory, and structural proteins); (b) the homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ that represents a crucial ion for cardiac functions and E-C coupling; and (c) the balance of Zn2+, an ion with a crucial impact on the cardiovascular system. Although each system seems to be independent and finely controlled, the contractile proteins, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and intracellular Zn2+ signals are strongly linked to each other by the intracellular ROS management in a fascinating way to form a "functional tetrad" which ensures the proper functioning of the myocardium. Nevertheless, if ROS balance is not properly handled, one or more of these components could be altered resulting in deleterious effects leading to an unbalance of this "tetrad" and promoting cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, this "functional tetrad" is proposed as a complex network that communicates continuously in the cardiomyocytes and can drive the switch from physiological to pathological conditions in the heart.
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Cotrim CA, Jarrott RJ, Whitten AE, Choudhury HG, Drew D, Martin JL. Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Characterization of the Human Zinc Transporter 1 (ZnT1) and Its Soluble C-Terminal Domain. Front Chem 2021; 9:667803. [PMID: 33996761 PMCID: PMC8120272 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.667803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human zinc transporter 1 (hZnT1) belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family. It plays a major role in transporting zinc (Zn2+) from the cytoplasm across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular space thereby protecting cells from Zn2+ toxicity. Through homology with other CDF family members, ZnT1 is predicted to contain a transmembrane region and a soluble C-terminal domain though little is known about its biochemistry. Here, we demonstrate that human ZnT1 and a variant can be produced by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and purified in the presence of detergent and cholesteryl hemisuccinate. We show that the purified hZnT1 variant has Zn2+/H+ antiporter activity. Furthermore, we expressed, purified and characterized the soluble C-terminal domain of hZnT1 (hZnT1-CTD) in a bacterial expression system. We found that the hZnT1-CTD melting temperature increases at acidic pH, thus, we used an acetate buffer at pH 4.5 for purifications and concentration of the protein up to 12 mg/mL. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of hZnT1-CTD is consistent with the formation of a dimer in solution with a V-shaped core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A. Cotrim
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Russell J. Jarrott
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew E. Whitten
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Hassanul G. Choudhury
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David Drew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Vice-Chancellor's Unit, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Barber-Zucker S, Moran A, Zarivach R. Metal transport mechanism of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein family - a structural perspective on human CDF (ZnT)-related diseases. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:486-498. [PMID: 34458794 PMCID: PMC8341793 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent d-block metal cations (DDMCs) participate in many cellular functions; however, their accumulation in cells can be cytotoxic. The cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family is a ubiquitous family of transmembrane DDMC exporters that ensures their homeostasis. Severe diseases, such as type II diabetes, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, were linked to dysfunctional human CDF proteins, ZnT-1-10 (SLC30A1-10). Each member of the CDF family reduces the cytosolic concentration of a specific DDMC by transporting it from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment or into intracellular compartments. This process is usually achieved by utilizing the proton motive force. In addition to their activity as DDMC transporters, CDFs also have other cellular functions such as the regulation of ion channels and enzymatic activity. The combination of structural and biophysical studies of different bacterial and eukaryotic CDF proteins led to significant progress in the understanding of the mutual interaction among CDFs and DDMCs, their involvement in ion binding and selectivity, conformational changes and the consequent transporting mechanisms. Here, we review these studies, provide our mechanistic interpretation of CDF proteins based on the current literature and relate the above to known human CDF-related diseases. Our analysis provides a common structure-function relationship to this important protein family and closes the gap between eukaryote and prokaryote CDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Barber-Zucker
- Department of Life Sciences, the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O.B. 653 Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel +972-8-6472970 +972-8-6472970 +972-8-6428447 +972-8-6461999
| | - Arie Moran
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O.B. 653 Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O.B. 653 Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel +972-8-6472970 +972-8-6472970 +972-8-6428447 +972-8-6461999
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Zhang X, Guan T, Yang B, Chi Z, Wan Q, Gu HF. SLC30A7 has anti-oxidant stress effects in high glucose-induced apoptosis via the NFE2L2/HMOX1 signal transduction pathway. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108445. [PMID: 32949653 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Apoptosis and oxidant stress are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We have previously reported that zinc transporter 7 in SLC30 family (SLC30A7) inhibits apoptosis in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells under high glucose (HG) conditions. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether SLC30A7 had effect for anti-oxidant stress in renal tubular epithelial cells under HG. METHODS SLC30A7 in HG-induced apoptosis in a normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E cells)/kidneys of STZ-induced diabetic mice was examined and the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) was further analyzed by using real time RT-PCR, siRNA and Western blot protocols. RESULTS SLC30A7 was found to be up-regulated, while NFE2L2 was activated in kidneys of STZ-induced diabetic mice and HG-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells. Knock-down of SLC30A7 with siRNA protocol resulted in lower intracellular free zinc levels in the cells and decreased zinc distribution in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, knock-down of NFE2L2 down-regulated its target HMOX1 gene expression, decreased SLC30A7 activity but increased HG-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The current study provides new evidence that SLC30A7 has anti-oxidant stress effects in HG-induced apoptosis via the NFE2L2/HMOX1 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518000, PR China; Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, PR China.
| | - Tingwen Guan
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, PR China
| | - Boxuan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, PR China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, PR China
| | - Qijun Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518000, PR China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, PR China.
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The Associated Regulatory Mechanisms of Zinc Lactate in Redox Balance and Mitochondrial Function of Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2020:8815383. [PMID: 33381268 PMCID: PMC7762675 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc lactate (ZnLA) is a new organic zinc salt which has antioxidant properties in mammals and can improve intestinal function. This study explored the effects of ZnLA and ZnSO4 on cell proliferation, Zn transport, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial function, and their underlying molecular mechanisms in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The results showed that addition of ZnLA promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis and IL-6 secretion, and upregulated the mRNA expression and concentration of MT-2B, ZNT-1, and CRIP, as well as affected the gene expression and activity of oxidation or antioxidant enzymes (e.g., CuZnSOD, CAT, and Gpx1, GSH-PX, LDH, and MDA), compared to ZnSO4 or control. Compared with the control, ZnLA treatment had no significant effect on mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas it markedly increased the mitochondrial basal OCR, nonmitochondrial respiratory capacity, and mitochondrial proton leakage and reduced spare respiratory capacity and mitochondrial reactive oxygen (ROS) production in IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, ZnLA treatment increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and phosphorylated AMPK, but reduced Keap1 and p62 protein expression and autophagy-related genes LC3B-1 and Beclin mRNA abundance. Under H2O2-induced oxidative stress conditions, ZnLA supplementation markedly reduced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS levels in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, ZnLA administration increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and decreased the protein expression of caspase-3, Keap1, and p62 in H2O2-induced IPEC-J2 cells. In addition, when the activity of AMPK was inhibited by Compound C, ZnLA supplementation did not increase the protein expression of nuclear Nrf2, but when Compound C was removed, the activities of AMPK and Nfr2 were both increased by ZnLA treatment. Our results indicated that ZnLA could improve the antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function in IPEC-J2 cells by activating the AMPK-Nrf2-p62 pathway under normal or oxidative stress conditions. Our novel finding also suggested that ZnLA, as a new feed additive for piglets, has the potential to be an alternative for ZnSO4.
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Wang J, Cheng X, Zhao H, Yang Q, Xu Z. Downregulation of the zinc transporter SLC39A13 (ZIP13) is responsible for the activation of CaMKII at reperfusion and leads to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mouse hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 152:69-79. [PMID: 33307093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While Zn2+ dyshomeostasis is known to contribute to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the roles of zinc transporters that are responsible for Zn2+ homeostasis in the pathogenesis of I/R injury remain to be addressed. This study reports that ZIP13 (SLC39A13), a zinc transporter, plays a role in myocardial I/R injury by modulating the Ca2+ signaling pathway rather than by regulating Zn2+ transport. ZIP13 is downregulated upon reperfusion in mouse hearts or in H9c2 cells at reoxygenation. Ca2+ but not Zn2+ was responsible for ZIP13 downregulation, implying that ZIP13 may play a role in I/R injury through the Ca2+ signaling pathway. In line with our assumption, knockout of ZIP13 resulted in phosphorylation (Thr287) of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), indicating that downregulation of ZIP13 leads to CaMKII activation. Further studies showed that the heart-specific knockout of ZIP13 enhanced I/R-induced CaMKII phosphorylation in mouse hearts. In contrast, overexpression of ZIP13 suppressed I/R-induced CaMKII phosphorylation. Moreover, the heart-specific knockout of ZIP13 exacerbated myocardial infarction in mouse hearts subjected to I/R, whereas overexpression of ZIP13 reduced infarct size. In addition, knockout of ZIP13 induced increases of mitochondrial Ca2+, ROS, mitochondrial swelling, decrease in the mitochondrial respiration control rate (RCR), and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in a CaMKII-dependent manner. These data suggest that downregulation of ZIP13 at reperfusion contributes to myocardial I/R injury through activation of CaMKII and the mitochondrial death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Cardiology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Nishito Y, Kambe T. Zinc transporter 1 (ZNT1) expression on the cell surface is elaborately controlled by cellular zinc levels. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15686-15697. [PMID: 31471319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc transporter 1 (ZNT1) is the only zinc transporter predominantly located on the plasma membrane, where it plays a pivotal role exporting cytosolic zinc to the extracellular space. Numerous studies have focused on the physiological and pathological functions of ZNT1. However, its biochemical features remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulation of ZNT1 expression in human and vertebrate cells, and found that ZNT1 expression is posttranslationally regulated by cellular zinc status. We observed that under zinc-sufficient conditions, ZNT1 accumulates on the plasma membrane, consistent with its zinc efflux function. In contrast, under zinc-deficient conditions, ZNT1 molecules on the plasma membrane were endocytosed and degraded through both the proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. Zinc-responsive ZNT1 expression corresponded with that of metallothionein, supporting the idea that ZNT1 and metallothionein cooperatively regulate cellular zinc homeostasis. ZNT1 is N-glycosylated on Asn299 in the extracellular loop between transmembrane domains V and VI, and this appears to be involved in the regulation of ZNT1 stability, as nonglycosylated ZNT1 is more stable. However, this posttranslational modification had no effect on ZNT1's ability to confer cellular resistance against high zinc levels or its subcellular localization. Our results provide molecular insights into ZNT1-mediated regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis, and indicate that the control of cellular and systemic zinc homeostasis via dynamic regulation of ZNT1 expression is more sophisticated than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Nishito
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Du L, Zhang H, Zhao H, Cheng X, Qin J, Teng T, Yang Q, Xu Z. The critical role of the zinc transporter Zip2 (SLC39A2) in ischemia/reperfusion injury in mouse hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:136-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sheng M, Zhang G, Wang J, Yang Q, Zhao H, Cheng X, Xu Z. Remifentanil Induces Cardio Protection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through the Maintenance of Zinc Homeostasis. Anesth Analg 2018; 127:267-276. [PMID: 29771714 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000003414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is well known that remifentanil (Rem) elicits cardiac protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study tested if Rem can protect the heart from I/R injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the maintenance of zinc (Zn) homeostasis. METHODS Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Rem was given by 3 consecutive 5-minute infusions, and each infusion was followed by a 5-minute drug-free perfusion before ischemia. Total Zn concentrations in cardiac tissue, cardiac function, infarct size, and apoptosis were assessed. H9c2 cells were subjected to 6 hours of hypoxia and 2 hours of reoxygenation (hypoxia/reoxygenation [H/R]), and Rem was given for 30 minutes before hypoxia. Metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF1) overexpression plasmids were transfected into H9c2 cells 48 hours before hypoxia. Intracellular Zn level, cell viability, and mitochondrial injury parameters were evaluated. A Zn chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) or an ER stress activator thapsigargin was administrated during in vitro and ex vivo studies. The regulatory molecules related to Zn homeostasis and ER stress in cardiac tissue, and cardiomyocytes were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Rem caused significant reversion of Zn loss from the heart (Rem + I/R versus I/R, 9.43 ± 0.55 vs 7.53 ± 1.18; P < .05) by suppressing the expression of MTF1 and Zn transporter 1 (ZnT1). The inhibited expression of ER stress markers after Rem preconditioning was abolished by TPEN. Rem preconditioning improved the cardiac function accompanied by the reduction of infarct size (Rem + I/R versus I/R, 21% ± 4% vs 40% ± 6%; P < .05). The protective effects of Rem could be reserved by TPEN and thapsigargin. Similar effects were observed in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. In addition, MTF1 overexpression blocked the inhibitory effects of Rem on ZnT1 expression and ER stress at reoxygenation. Rem attenuated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by inhibiting ER stress via cardiac Zn restoration (Rem + H/R versus H/R, 79.57% ± 10.62% vs 58.27% ± 4.32%; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Rem maintains Zn homeostasis at reperfusion by inhibiting MTF1 and ZnT1 expression, leading to the attenuation of ER stress and cardiac injury. Our findings provide a promising therapeutic approach for managing acute myocardial I/R injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cytoprotection
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Homeostasis
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Remifentanil/pharmacology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Zinc/metabolism
- Transcription Factor MTF-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Sheng
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Choi S, Liu X, Pan Z. Zinc deficiency and cellular oxidative stress: prognostic implications in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1120-1132. [PMID: 29926844 PMCID: PMC6289396 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health and has anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory functions. The association between zinc deficiency and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been supported by numerous studies. Supplementing zinc can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and protect against myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this review we summarize the evidence in the literature, to consolidate the current knowledge on the dysregulation of zinc homeostasis in CVDs, and to explore the significant roles of the zinc homeostasis-regulatory proteins in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Moreover, this review also deliberates on the potential diagnostic and prognostic implications of zinc/zinc homeostasis-associated molecules (ZIP, ZnT, and MTs) in CVDs.
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13
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Zinc Transporter Proteins. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:517-530. [PMID: 29243032 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, which is involved in the structure of all enzyme classes, is a micro nutrient element and necessary for growth and development. The ability of zinc to function without causing toxic effects is depends on the protection of its homeostasis. Zinc transporter proteins are responsible for keeping zinc at certain concentrations. Based on their predicted membrane topology, Zn transporters are divided into two major families, SLC39s/ZIPs and SLC30s/ZnTs, which transport Zn in opposite directions through cellular and intracellular membranes. ZIPs increases the zinc concentration in the cytosol. For this, the ZIPs carries the zinc from extracellular and intracellular compartments to the cytosol. ZnTs, reduces the concentration of zinc in the cytosol. For this, ZnTs carries the zinc from the cytosol to extracellular and intracellular compartments. After being transported to the cell, 50% of the zinc is found in the cytoplasm, 30-40% in the nucleus, and 10% in the plasma and organelle membranes. The expression of many zinc transporter proteins in the cell is depending on the concentration of zinc and the physiological problems. The aim of this study is to give information about association of zinc transporter proteins with physiological events and health problems.
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Shusterman E, Beharier O, Levy S, Zarivach R, Etzion Y, Campbell CR, Lee IH, Dinudom A, Cook DI, Peretz A, Katz A, Gitler D, Moran A. Zinc transport and the inhibition of the L-type calcium channel are two separable functions of ZnT-1. Metallomics 2017; 9:228-238. [PMID: 28091657 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, proteins are considered to perform a single role, be it as an enzyme, a channel, a transporter or as a structural scaffold. However, recent studies have described moonlighting proteins that perform distinct and independent functions; for example, TRPM7 is both an ion channel and a kinase. ZnT-1 is a member of the Carrier Diffusion Facilitator family that is expressed throughout the phylogenetic tree from bacteria to humans. Since its cloning in 1995, ZnT-1 is considered a major extruder of Zn2+ based on its capability to protect cells against zinc toxicity. Recently, we reported that ZnT-1 inhibits the L-type calcium channel (LTCC), a major Zn2+ and Ca2+ entry pathway. Here we show that ZnT-1 is a dual-function protein by demonstrating that its abilities to exchange Zn2+/H+ and to inhibit the LTCC are independent of each other and are mediated by different parts of the protein. Specifically, mutations in the membrane-spanning helices that render ZnT-1 unable to transport zinc do not prevent it from inhibiting the LTCC. Moreover, a fragment consisting of the intracellular ZnT-1 C-terminal, which lacks all ion-transfer segments, inhibits the LTCC as efficiently as wild-type ZnT-1. Our data therefore indicates that ZnT-1 performs two structurally independent functions related to zinc homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Shusterman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
| | - Ofer Beharier
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
| | - Shiri Levy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoram Etzion
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
| | - Craig R Campbell
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Il-Ha Lee
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anuwat Dinudom
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David I Cook
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Asher Peretz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Katz
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arie Moran
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. and Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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15
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Cui C, Lin H, Shi Y, Pan R. Hypoxic postconditioning attenuates apoptosis via inactivation of adenosine A2a receptor through NDRG3-Raf-ERK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bodiga VL, Thokala S, Kovur SM, Bodiga S. Zinc Dyshomeostasis in Cardiomyocytes after Acute Hypoxia/Reoxygenation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:117-129. [PMID: 28181174 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc dyshomeostasis may play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression profile of zinc regulated transporter like- and iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) and zinc transporter proteins (ZnTs) in cardiomyocytes and their modulation in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) were subjected to 6 h of hypoxia, followed by 18 h of reoxygenation. Intracellular and extracellular zinc concentrations were determined using Fluozin-3 and Newport Green fluorescence, respectively. Expression of ZnTs 1, 2, 5, and 9 along with ZIPs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14 was detectable in the cardiomyocytes by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Hypoxia elicited accumulation of intracellular free zinc, but subsequent reoxygenation resulted in striking loss of intracellular free zinc and decreased the cardiomyocyte viability. Concomitantly, extracellular zinc levels dropped rapidly during hypoxia, but increased after reoxygenation. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that hypoxia increased the expression of ZnT1, but reoxygenation significantly increased the expression of ZnTs 2 and 5. Neither hypoxia nor reoxygenation altered the levels of ZnT9. Increased intracellular zinc at the end of hypoxia is related to enhanced expression of ZIPs, whereas decreased intracellular zinc during reoxygenation appears to be due to lowered expression of all ZIPs, in addition to elevated levels of ZnTs 2 and 5. These results thus suggest that there is impaired accumulation of intracellular zinc during reoxygenation, due to overexpression of specific ZnTs and downregulation of ZIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | - Sandhya Thokala
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506009, India
| | - Sita Mahalaxmi Kovur
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506009, India.
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Overexpression of Ubiquinol-Cytochrome c Reductase Core Protein 1 May Protect H9c2 Cardiac Cells by Binding with Zinc. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1314297. [PMID: 28676853 PMCID: PMC5476884 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In several recent studies, proteomics analyses suggest that increase of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) is cardio-protective. However, direct evidence for this effect has not yet been obtained. Thus, the current study aimed to determine this effect and the mechanism underlying this effect. The results showed that overexpression of UQCRC1 protected H9c2 cardiac cells against in vitro simulated ischemia-reperfusion by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressing the expression of caspase-3. These protective effects were significantly enhanced by exogenous Zn2+ but completely abolished by Zn2+-selective chelator TPEN. Furthermore, the upregulation of UQCRC1 reduced the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria, whereas the downregulation of UQCRC1 increased the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria. In conclusion, the overexpression of UQCRC1 can protect H9c2 cardiac cells against simulated ischemia/reperfusion, and this cardio-protective effect is likely mediated by zinc binding.
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Kambe T, Tsuji T, Hashimoto A, Itsumura N. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:749-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two zinc transporter families, Zn transporters (ZnT) and Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function in zinc mobilization of influx, efflux, and compartmentalization/sequestration across biological membranes. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular properties, expression, regulation, and cellular and physiological roles of ZnT and ZIP transporters, which underpin the multifarious functions of zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning zinc homeostasis due to zinc transporter dysfunction results in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of each ZnT and ZIP transporter from the perspective of zinc physiology and pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues in their structure and zinc transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Shusterman E, Beharier O, Shiri L, Zarivach R, Etzion Y, Campbell CR, Lee IH, Okabayashi K, Dinudom A, Cook DI, Katz A, Moran A. ZnT-1 extrudes zinc from mammalian cells functioning as a Zn(2+)/H(+) exchanger. Metallomics 2015; 6:1656-63. [PMID: 24951051 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ZnT-1 is a Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) family protein, and is present throughout the phylogenetic tree from bacteria to humans. Since its original cloning in 1995, ZnT-1 has been considered to be the major Zn(2+) extruding transporter, based on its ability to protect cells against zinc toxicity. However, experimental evidence for ZnT-1 induced Zn(2+) extrusion was not convincing. In the present study, based on the 3D crystal structure of the ZnT-1 homologue, YiiP, that predicts a homodimer that utilizes the H(+) electrochemical gradient to facilitate Zn(2+) efflux, we demonstrate ZnT-1 dependent Zn(2+) efflux from HEK 293T cells using FluoZin-3 and Fura 2 by single cell microscope based fluorescent imaging. ZnT-1 facilitates zinc efflux in a sodium-independent, pH-driven and calcium-sensitive manner. Moreover, substitution of two amino acids in the putative zinc binding domain of ZnT-1 led to nullification of Zn(2+) efflux and rendered the mutated protein incapable of protecting cells against Zn(2+) toxicity. Our results demonstrate that ZnT-1 extrudes zinc from mammalian cells by functioning as a Zn(2+)/H(+) exchanger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Shusterman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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Bader AM, Brodarac A, Klose K, Bieback K, Choi YH, Kurtz A, Stamm C. Mechanisms of paracrine cardioprotection by cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 45:983-92. [PMID: 24562010 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among the mechanisms by which somatic stem cells may improve left ventricular function in ischaemic heart disease are pro-survival stimuli mediated by secreted factors. This phenomenon is frequently referred to, but remains poorly understood. We therefore investigated the non-regenerative cardioprotective effects of cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CBMSCs) in vitro and sought to identify relevant intracellular signalling pathways. METHODS Conditioned medium from CBMSCs and fibroblasts was prepared, and secreted factors were analysed by Luminex(®) immunobead assay. Murine cardiomyocyte-derived HL-1 cells were subjected to simulated ischaemia by glucose and serum deprivation and hypoxia in CBMSC-conditioned or cell-free control medium or in medium conditioned by foreskin fibroblasts. The proportions of vital, apoptotic and necrotic cells (poly-caspase activity, annexin V and ethidium homodimer-III staining) were quantified using a high-content imaging system. Metabolic activity and proliferation rate were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine assays. Phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β was determined by western blot, and experiments were repeated in the presence of specific small-molecule inhibitors (Wortmannin, UO126 and Stattic). RESULTS CBMSC medium reduced the proportion of dead HL-1 cardiomyocytes from 39 ± 3 to 28 ± 1% (P < 0.05) and the rate of late apoptotic cells to 68 ± 2% of that in control medium (P < 0.001). Metabolic activity was increased by 12 ± 1% compared with control (P < 0.05), while in fibroblast medium it was not (5 ± 2%, P = 1). This was associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt (2-fold, P < 0.05), ERK1/2 (3-fold, P < 0.01) and STAT3 (12-fold, P < 0.001). Combined blocking of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK signalling abolished the protective CBMSC effect, while blocking the pathways individually had no effect. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation drastically lowered HL-1 cell viability in control medium, but not in medium conditioned by CBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS The factors released by CBMSCs protect cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells from simulated ischaemia more than those released from fibroblasts. While CBMSC-triggered Akt and ERK1/2 activation provides protection in a compensatory manner, STAT3 is crucial for cardiomyocyte survival in ischaemia, but is not a key mediator of cytoprotective stem cell actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreja Brodarac
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Stamm
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wang Y, Su R, Lv G, Cao Y, Fan Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yu D, Mei X. Supplement zinc as an effective treatment for spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res 2013; 1545:45-53. [PMID: 24361987 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in the pathophysiology process and therapy of spinal cord injury (SCI). Accordingly, zinc regulates the expression of BDNF and its receptor in the central nervous system, the mechanism of which is still unknown. The present study investigates whether supplement zinc could reduce neurological damage in a rat model, with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and how the effect of zinc transporter 1(ZnT-1) was involved. METHODS 100 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly and evenly divided into four groups. They were subjected to spinal cord ischemia by clamping the abdominal aorta for 45 min. Rats in the zinc-deficient dietary model group (ZD), zinc-adequate dietary model group (ZA), and zinc-high dietary model group (ZH) were given free access to purified diet, containing 5, 30, or 180 mg Zn/kg. Sham operation rats were subjected to laparotomy without clamping of the aorta and were fed by ZA diet (30 mg Zn/kg). Neurological function was scored by Tarlov's score. The spinal cord segments (L5) were harvested for histological examination, auto-metallographic (AMG) analysis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity analysis, expression of ZnT-1 and BDNF. RESULTS The rats in the ZH group have shown the higher neurological scores, slighter histological changes and the attenuated MPO activity, compared with those in the ZD and ZA groups at the four observation time points (p<0.05). The AMG staining density in the ZH group was significantly higher than that of ZD group in 14 days later after the operation. Compared with other groups, ZH group's expression of Zn-T1 and BDNF were significantly increased, and was positively correlated with the same time points after surgery (Spearman rho=0.403, p=0.0152.) CONCLUSION These findings suggest that zinc supplement can significantly reduce the spinal cord I/R injury in rats. The mechanism may be related with restraining the MPO activity and increasing of ZnT-1, which promoted the synthesis and release of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Ribao Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoupu Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai City, PR China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Zhongkai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China.
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22
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Xu Z, Zhou J. Zinc and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biometals 2013; 26:863-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Diabetes mellitus associated cardiovascular signalling alteration: A need for the revisit. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Zn is an essential trace element, involved in many different cellular processes. A relationship between Zn, pancreatic function and diabetes was suggested almost 70 years ago. To emphasise the importance of Zn in biology, the history of Zn research in the field of diabetes along with a general description of Zn transporter families will be reviewed. The paper will then focus on the effects of Zn on pancreatic β-cell function, including insulin synthesis and secretion, Zn signalling in the pancreatic islet, the redox functions of Zn and its target genes. The recent association of two ‘Zn genes’, i.e. metallothionein (MT) and Zn transporter 8 (SLC 30A8), with type 2 diabetes at the genetic level and with insulin secretion in clinical studies offers a potential new way to identify new drug targets to modulate Zn homeostasis directly in β-cells. The action of Zn for insulin action in its target organs, as Zn signalling in other pancreatic islet cells, will be addressed. Therapeutic Zn–insulin preparations and the influence of Zn and Zn transporters in type 1 diabetes will also be discussed. An extensive review of the literature on the clinical studies using Zn supplementation in the prevention and treatment of both types of diabetes, including complications of the disease, will evaluate the overall beneficial effects of Zn supplementation on blood glucose control, suggesting that Zn might be a candidate ion for diabetes prevention and therapy. Clearly, the story of the links between Zn, pancreatic islet cells and diabetes is only now unfolding, and we are presently only at the first chapter.
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Mor M, Beharier O, Levy S, Kahn J, Dror S, Blumenthal D, Gheber LA, Peretz A, Katz A, Moran A, Etzion Y. ZnT-1 enhances the activity and surface expression of T-type calcium channels through activation of Ras-ERK signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C192-203. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00427.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1) is a putative zinc transporter that confers cellular resistance from zinc toxicity. In addition, ZnT-1 has important regulatory functions, including inhibition of L-type calcium channels and activation of Raf-1 kinase. Here we studied the effects of ZnT-1 on the expression and function of T-type calcium channels. In Xenopus oocytes expressing voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV) 3.1 or CaV3.2, ZnT-1 enhanced the low-threshold calcium currents ( IcaT) to 182 ± 15 and 167.95 ± 9.27% of control, respectively ( P < 0.005 for both channels). As expected, ZnT-1 also enhanced ERK phosphorylation. Coexpression of ZnT-1 and nonactive Raf-1 blocked the ZnT-1-mediated ERK phosphorylation and abolished the ZnT-1-induced augmentation of IcaT. In mammalian cells (Chinese hamster ovary), coexpression of CaV3.1 and ZnT-1 increased the IcaT to 166.37 ± 6.37% compared with cells expressing CaV3.1 alone ( P < 0.01). Interestingly, surface expression measurements using biotinylation or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy indicated marked ZnT-1-induced enhancement of CaV3.1 surface expression. The MEK inhibitor PD-98059 abolished the ZnT-1-induced augmentation of surface expression of CaV3.1. In cultured murine cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells), transient exposure to zinc, leading to enhanced ZnT-1 expression, also enhanced the surface expression of endogenous CaV3.1 channels. Consistently, in these cells, endothelin-1, a potent activator of Ras-ERK signaling, enhanced the surface expression of CaV3.1 channels in a PD-98059-sensitive manner. Our findings indicate that ZnT-1 enhances the activity of CaV3.1 and CaV3.2 through activation of Ras-ERK signaling. The augmentation of CaV3.1 currents by Ras-ERK activation is associated with enhanced trafficking of the channel to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Mor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofer Beharier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shiri Levy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Joy Kahn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shani Dror
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Blumenthal
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Levi A. Gheber
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Asher Peretz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Katz
- Department of Cardiology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel; and
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arie Moran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoram Etzion
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Geiser J, Venken KJT, De Lisle RC, Andrews GK. A mouse model of acrodermatitis enteropathica: loss of intestine zinc transporter ZIP4 (Slc39a4) disrupts the stem cell niche and intestine integrity. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002766. [PMID: 22737083 PMCID: PMC3380849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human Zip4 gene cause acrodermatitis enteropathica, a rare, pseudo-dominant, lethal genetic disorder. We created a tamoxifen-inducible, enterocyte-specific knockout of this gene in mice which mimics this human disorder. We found that the enterocyte Zip4 gene in mice is essential throughout life, and loss-of-function of this gene rapidly leads to wasting and death unless mice are nursed or provided excess dietary zinc. An initial effect of the knockout was the reprogramming of Paneth cells, which contribute to the intestinal stem cell niche in the crypts. Labile zinc in Paneth cells was lost, followed by diminished Sox9 (sex determining region Y-box 9) and lysozyme expression, and accumulation of mucin, which is normally found in goblet cells. This was accompanied by dysplasia of the intestinal crypts and significantly diminished small intestine cell division, and attenuated mTOR1 activity in villus enterocytes, indicative of increased catabolic metabolism, and diminished protein synthesis. This was followed by disorganization of the absorptive epithelium. Elemental analyses of small intestine, liver, and pancreas from Zip4-intestine knockout mice revealed that total zinc was dramatically and rapidly decreased in these organs whereas iron, manganese, and copper slowly accumulated to high levels in the liver as the disease progressed. These studies strongly suggest that wasting and lethality in acrodermatitis enteropathica patients reflects the loss-of-function of the intestine zinc transporter ZIP4, which leads to abnormal Paneth cell gene expression, disruption of the intestinal stem cell niche, and diminished function of the intestinal mucosa. These changes, in turn, cause a switch from anabolic to catabolic metabolism and altered homeostasis of several essential metals, which, if untreated by excess dietary zinc, leads to dramatic weight loss and death. Loss-of-function of the zinc transporter ZIP4 in the mouse intestine mimics the lethal human disease acrodermatitis enteropathica. This is a rare disease in humans that is not well understood. Our studies demonstrate the paramount importance of ZIP4 in the intestine in this disease and reveal that a root cause of lethality is disruption of the intestine stem cell niche and impaired function of the small intestine. This, in turn, leads to dramatic weight loss and death unless treated with exogenous zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Geiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Koen J. T. Venken
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert C. De Lisle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Glen K. Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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A zinc transporter protects from ischemia–reperfusion injury. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:101-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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