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The GABA and GABA-Receptor System in Inflammation, Anti-Tumor Immune Responses, and COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020254. [PMID: 36830790 PMCID: PMC9953446 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA and GABAA-receptors (GABAA-Rs) play major roles in neurodevelopment and neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). There has been a growing appreciation that GABAA-Rs are also present on most immune cells. Studies in the fields of autoimmune disease, cancer, parasitology, and virology have observed that GABA-R ligands have anti-inflammatory actions on T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), while also enhancing regulatory T cell (Treg) responses and shifting APCs toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes. These actions have enabled GABAA-R ligands to ameliorate autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated inflammation in preclinical models. Conversely, antagonism of GABAA-R activity promotes the pro-inflammatory responses of T cells and APCs, enhancing anti-tumor responses and reducing tumor burden in models of solid tumors. Lung epithelial cells also express GABA-Rs, whose activation helps maintain fluid homeostasis and promote recovery from injury. The ability of GABAA-R agonists to limit both excessive immune responses and lung epithelial cell injury may underlie recent findings that GABAA-R agonists reduce the severity of disease in mice infected with highly lethal coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2 and MHV-1). These observations suggest that GABAA-R agonists may provide off-the-shelf therapies for COVID-19 caused by new SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as novel beta-coronaviruses, which evade vaccine-induced immune responses and antiviral medications. We review these findings and further advance the notions that (1) immune cells possess GABAA-Rs to limit inflammation in the CNS, and (2) this natural "braking system" on inflammatory responses may be pharmacologically engaged to slow the progression of autoimmune diseases, reduce the severity of COVID-19, and perhaps limit neuroinflammation associated with long COVID.
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Tian J, Dillion BJ, Henley J, Comai L, Kaufman DL. A GABA-receptor agonist reduces pneumonitis severity, viral load, and death rate in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007955. [PMID: 36389819 PMCID: PMC9640739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA-receptors (GABA-Rs) form a major neurotransmitter system in the brain. GABA-Rs are also expressed by 1) cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and act to inhibit their inflammatory activities, and 2) lung epithelial cells and GABA-R agonists/potentiators have been observed to limit acute lung injuries. These biological properties suggest that GABA-R agonists may have potential for treating COVID-19. We previously reported that GABA-R agonist treatments protected mice from severe disease induced by infection with a lethal mouse coronavirus (MHV-1). Because MHV-1 targets different cellular receptors and is biologically distinct from SARS-CoV-2, we sought to test GABA therapy in K18-hACE2 mice which develop severe pneumonitis with high lethality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed that GABA treatment initiated immediately after SARS-CoV-2 infection, or 2 days later near the peak of lung viral load, reduced pneumonitis severity and death rates in K18-hACE2 mice. GABA-treated mice had reduced lung viral loads and displayed shifts in their serum cytokine/chemokine levels that are associated with better outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Thus, GABA-R activation had multiple effects that are also desirable for the treatment of COVID-19. The protective effects of GABA against two very different beta coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2 and MHV-1) suggest that it may provide a generalizable off-the-shelf therapy to help treat diseases induced by new SARS-CoV-2 variants and novel coronaviruses that evade immune responses and antiviral medications. GABA is inexpensive, safe for human use, and stable at room temperature, making it an attractive candidate for testing in clinical trials. We also discuss the potential of GABA-R agonists for limiting COVID-19-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Barbara J. Dillion
- High Containment Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jill Henley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel L. Kaufman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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3
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Vadaq N, Schirmer M, Tunjungputri RN, Vlamakis H, Chiriac C, Ardiansyah E, Gasem MH, Joosten LAB, de Groot PG, Xavier RJ, Netea MG, van der Ven AJ, de Mast Q. Untargeted Plasma Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Profiling Provide Novel Insights into the Regulation of Platelet Reactivity in Healthy Individuals. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:529-539. [PMID: 34192775 DOI: 10.1055/a-1541-3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable variation exists in platelet reactivity to stimulation among healthy individuals. Various metabolites and metabolic pathways influence platelet reactivity, but a comprehensive overview of these associations is missing. The gut microbiome has a strong influence on the plasma metabolome. Here, we investigated the association of platelet reactivity with results of untargeted plasma metabolomics and gut microbiome profiling. METHODS We used data from a cohort of 534 healthy adult Dutch volunteers (the 500 Functional Genomics study). Platelet activation and reactivity were measured by the expression of the alpha-granule protein P-selectin and the binding of fibrinogen to the activated integrin αIIbβ3, both in unstimulated blood and after ex vivo stimulation with platelet agonists. Plasma metabolome was measured using an untargeted metabolic profiling approach by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Gut microbiome data were measured by shotgun metagenomic sequencing from stool samples. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomics yielded 1,979 metabolites, of which 422 were identified to play a role in a human metabolic pathway. Overall, 92/422 (21.8%) metabolites were significantly associated with at least one readout of platelet reactivity. The majority of associations involved lipids, especially members of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Dietary-derived polyphenols were also found to inhibit platelet reactivity. Validation of metabolic pathways with functional microbial profiles revealed two overlapping metabolic pathways ("alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism" and "arginine biosynthesis") that were associated with platelet reactivity. CONCLUSION This comprehensive overview is an resource for understanding the regulation of platelet reactivity by the plasma metabolome and the possible contribution of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rahajeng N Tunjungputri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Cecilia Chiriac
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Research, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Edwin Ardiansyah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Hussein Gasem
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip G de Groot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andre J van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Nugraha RYB, Jeelani G, Nozaki T. Physiological roles and metabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in parasitic protozoa. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:462-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koyama S, Yamashita A, Matsuura Y, Saito Y, Maekawa K, Gi T, Kitamura K, Asada Y. Intracellular glutamine level determines vascular smooth muscle cell-derived thrombogenicity. Atherosclerosis 2021; 328:62-73. [PMID: 34102425 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The everolimus-eluting stent (EES), one of the effective stents for in-stent restenosis (ISR), has a lower incidence of stent thrombosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of everolimus on vascular metabolism and thrombogenicity and examine their mechanistic link. METHODS EESs and bare-metal stents were implanted in rabbit iliac arteries with smooth muscle cell (SMC)-rich neointima induced by endothelial denudation. Four weeks after stent implantation, the stented arteries were examined for histological analysis and metabolomics. Additionally, everolimus effects in coronary artery SMCs metabolism, tissue factor (TF) expression, and procoagulant activity were assessed in vitro. RESULTS EES-implanted arteries showed decreased neointima formation, less SMCs infiltration, and reduced TF expression. Concomitantly, they were metabolically characterized by increased levels of metabolites in amino acids, such as glutamine. Similarly, everolimus increased intracellular glutamine levels, decreased TF expression, and reduced procoagulant activity in SMCs in vitro. On the contrary, exogenous glutamine administration also increased intracellular glutamine level, decreased TF expression, and reduced procoagulant activity despite enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. CONCLUSIONS Intracellular glutamine level is likely to determine vascular SMC-related thrombogenicity regardless of mTOR pathway activity. Therefore, increased intracellular glutamine level might contribute partially to the beneficial effect of EES use on stent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Koyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Matsuura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Gi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan.
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GABA A-Receptor Agonists Limit Pneumonitis and Death in Murine Coronavirus-Infected Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060966. [PMID: 34071034 PMCID: PMC8224554 DOI: 10.3390/v13060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new approaches to limit the severity of coronavirus infections. Many cells of the immune system express receptors for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and GABA-receptor (GABA-R) agonists have anti-inflammatory effects. Lung epithelial cells also express GABA-Rs, and GABA-R modulators have been shown to limit acute lung injuries. There is currently, however, no information on whether GABA-R agonists might impact the course of a viral infection. Here, we assessed whether clinically applicable GABA-R agonists could be repurposed for the treatment of a lethal coronavirus (murine hepatitis virus 1, MHV-1) infection in mice. We found that oral GABA administration before, or after the appearance of symptoms, very effectively limited MHV-1-induced pneumonitis, severe illness, and death. GABA treatment also reduced viral load in the lungs, suggesting that GABA-Rs may provide a new druggable target to limit coronavirus replication. Treatment with the GABAA-R-specific agonist homotaurine, but not the GABAB-R-specific agonist baclofen, significantly reduced the severity of pneumonitis and death rates in MHV-1-infected mice, indicating that the therapeutic effects were mediated primarily through GABAA-Rs. Since GABA and homotaurine are safe for human consumption, they are promising candidates to help treat coronavirus infections.
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Foster H, Wilson C, Philippou H, Foster R. Progress toward a Glycoprotein VI Modulator for the Treatment of Thrombosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12213-12242. [PMID: 32463237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic thrombus formation accounts for the etiology of many serious conditions including myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Despite the development of numerous anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, the mortality rate associated with these diseases remains high. In recent years, however, significant epidemiological evidence and clinical models have emerged to suggest that modulation of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) platelet receptor could be harnessed as a novel antiplatelet strategy. As such, many peptidic agents have been described in the past decade, while more recent efforts have focused on the development of small molecule modulators. Herein the rationale for targeting GPVI is summarized and the published GPVI modulators are reviewed, with particular focus on small molecules. A qualitative pharmacophore hypothesis for small molecule ligands at GPVI is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Foster
- School of Chemistry and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Clare Wilson
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen Philippou
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Yang H, Fan Y, Cheng J, Zou J, Zhang X, Shi Y, Guo D. Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction of Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of ShengDiHuang Decoction for Treatment of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7370304. [PMID: 32454870 PMCID: PMC7240676 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7370304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the potential active ingredients and related crucial targets of the ShengDiHuang Decoction (SDHD) formula in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) by using network pharmacology and verification experiment. METHODS In this study, we determined the potential active ingredients from the traditional SDHD formula and their targets with the network pharmacology method. The network of "compound-disease-target" was constructed by the software of Cytoscape. Software of DAVID was used to enrich pathways for these 87 targets of SDHD. Further, the therapeutic effect of SDHD on DUB was verified by observing the morphological changes of the uterus and ovaries and determining the expression of ERS2 and progesterone in the plasma. RESULTS 52 compounds of Rheum and 5 compounds of Rehmannia were selected, and 87 potential targets were screened by network pharmacology. Furthermore, 7 main active ingredients were acquired by the ADME process. In addition, enrichment analysis of drug-target networks indicated that SDHD may play a role in overall coordination through "multicomponent and multitarget" in different organ patterns by regulating multiple pathways directly or indirectly. Finally, in the verification experiment of SDHD on DUB, it was found that SDHD can effectively repair the uterus and ovaries and also have an upregulation effect on the target ESR2 and increase the content of progesterone. CONCLUSION Overall, this study revealed potential mechanisms of multitarget and multicomponent about SDHD in the treatment of DUB and provided a scientific foundation for further studying the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yu Fan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jiangxue Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
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Kim SY, Kim KJ, Chung HC, Han GD. Use of Rice Bran for Preparation of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-rich Sourdough. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life Applied Science, Yeungnam University
| | - Ki Ju Kim
- Department of Vocational Rehabilitation, Daegu future College
| | - Hyun-Chae Chung
- Division of Food, Beverage & Culinary Arts, Yeungnam University College
| | - Gi Dong Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life Applied Science, Yeungnam University
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10
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Burgos CF, Sanchéz C, Sepúlveda C, Fuentes E, Palomo I, Alarcón M. Anti-aggregation effect on platelets of Indiplon a hypnotic sedative non-benzodiazepine drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:378-385. [PMID: 30594050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main public health problems, and many of them, their pathophysiology involves alterations in platelet activity. Platelet activation is an essential event that is regulated by the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and cAMP. Interestingly, it has been shown that the activation of adenosine A2A receptors increases cAMP levels and produces the inhibition of platelet aggregation, which appears as a potential target for regulation of platelet activity. Therefore, we tried to activate A2A receptors using Indiplon, a drug developed for the treatment of insomnia, and analyze its effect on platelet activity in vitro. Our results indicate that Indiplon is able to interact in silico with the adenosine A2A receptor (ΔGbind of -73.321 kcal/mol, similar to that obtained with adenosine), which is involved in the regulation of platelet cAMP levels. In functional studies using PRP, a reduction in platelet aggregation induced by ADP was observed in the presence of Indiplon at 500 μM with a percentage of inhibition 70%, where the use of specific inhibitors (ZM241385 and MSX-2) of the A2A receptor also blocked these effects reducing the percentage of inhibition to 41% and 34.1%, respectively. Also, the use of Indiplon produced a decrease in the expression in the membrane of P-selectin. Thus, Indiplon acts as an A2A receptor agonist and whose activation results in inhibition of platelet aggregation and activation, showing a possible cardiovascular protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Burgos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - C Sanchéz
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile
| | - C Sepúlveda
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - E Fuentes
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - I Palomo
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - M Alarcón
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile.
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Pelosi P, Zhu J, Knoll W. From radioactive ligands to biosensors: binding methods with olfactory proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8213-8227. [PMID: 30054700 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we critically review the binding protocols currently reported in the literature to measure the affinity of odorants and pheromones to soluble olfactory proteins, such as odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and Niemann-Pick class C2 (NPC2) proteins. The first part contains a brief introduction on the principles of binding and a comparison of the techniques adopted or proposed so far, discussing advantages and problems of each technique, as well as their suitable application to soluble olfactory proteins. In the second part, we focus on the fluorescent binding assay, currently the most widely used approach. We analyse advantages and drawbacks, trying to identify the causes of anomalous behaviours that have been occasionally observed, and suggest how to interpret the experimental data when such events occur. In the last part, we describe the state of the art of biosensors for odorants, using soluble olfactory proteins immobilised on biochips, and discuss the possibility of using such approach as an alternative way to measure binding events and dissociation constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pelosi
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenzstraße, 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Jiao Zhu
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenzstraße, 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenzstraße, 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
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Ma W, Yang L, He L. Overview of the detection methods for equilibrium dissociation constant KD of drug-receptor interaction. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:147-152. [PMID: 29922482 PMCID: PMC6004624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-receptor interaction plays an important role in a series of biological effects, such as cell proliferation, immune response, tumor metastasis, and drug delivery. Therefore, the research on drug-receptor interaction is growing rapidly. The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) is the basic parameter to evaluate the binding property of the drug-receptor. Thus, a variety of analytical methods have been established to determine the KD values, including radioligand binding assay, surface plasmon resonance method, fluorescence energy resonance transfer method, affinity chromatography, and isothermal titration calorimetry. With the invention and innovation of new technology and analysis method, there is a deep exploration and comprehension about drug-receptor interaction. This review discusses the different methods of determining the KD values, and analyzes the applicability and the characteristic of each analytical method. Conclusively, the aim is to provide the guidance for researchers to utilize the most appropriate analytical tool to determine the KD values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76, Yanta West Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
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13
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Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Functional Ingredients of Barley Grass for Chronic Diseases in Human Beings. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3232080. [PMID: 29849880 PMCID: PMC5904770 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3232080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Barley grass powder is the best functional food that provides nutrition and eliminates toxins from cells in human beings; however, its functional ingredients have played an important role as health benefit. In order to better cognize the preventive and therapeutic role of barley grass for chronic diseases, we carried out the systematic strategies for functional ingredients of barley grass, based on the comprehensive databases, especially the PubMed, Baidu, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, between 2008 and 2017. Barley grass is rich in functional ingredients, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), flavonoids, saponarin, lutonarin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), K, Ca, Se, tryptophan, chlorophyll, vitamins (A, B1, C, and E), dietary fiber, polysaccharide, alkaloid, metallothioneins, and polyphenols. Barley grass promotes sleep; has antidiabetic effect; regulates blood pressure; enhances immunity; protects liver; has anti-acne/detoxifying and antidepressant effects; improves gastrointestinal function; has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antigout effects; reduces hyperuricemia; prevents hypoxia, cardiovascular diseases, fatigue, and constipation; alleviates atopic dermatitis; is a calcium supplement; improves cognition; and so on. These results support that barley grass may be one of the best functional foods for preventive chronic diseases and the best raw material of modern diet structure in promoting the development of large health industry and further reveal that GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan mechanism of barley grass have preventive and therapeutic role for chronic diseases. This paper can be used as a scientific evidence for developing functional foods and novel drugs for barley grass for preventive chronic diseases.
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Lima AM, Wegner SV, Martins Cavaco AC, Estevão-Costa MI, Sanz-Soler R, Niland S, Nosov G, Klingauf J, Spatz JP, Eble JA. The spatial molecular pattern of integrin recognition sites and their immobilization to colloidal nanobeads determine α2β1 integrin-dependent platelet activation. Biomaterials 2018; 167:107-120. [PMID: 29567387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagen, a strong platelet activator, is recognized by integrin α2β1 and GPVI. It induces aggregation, if added to suspended platelets, or platelet adhesion if immobilized to a surface. The recombinant non-prolylhydroxylated mini-collagen FC3 triple helix containing one α2β1 integrin binding site is a tool to specifically study how α2β1 integrin activates platelet. Whereas soluble FC3 monomers antagonistically block collagen-induced platelet activation, immobilization of several FC3 molecules to an interface or to colloidal nanobeads determines the agonistic action of FC3. Nanopatterning of FC3 reveals that intermolecular distances below 64 nm between α2β1 integrin binding sites trigger signaling through dot-like clusters of α2β1 integrin, which are visible in high resolution microscopy with dSTORM. Upon signaling, these integrin clusters increase in numbers per platelet, but retain their individual size. Immobilization of several FC3 to 100 nm-sized nanobeads identifies α2β1 integrin-triggered signaling in platelets to occur at a twentyfold slower rate than collagen, which activates platelet in a fast integrative signaling via different platelet receptors. As compared to collagen stimulation, FC3-nanobead-triggered signaling cause a significant stronger activation of the protein kinase BTK, a weak and dispensable activation of PDK1, as well as a distinct phosphorylation pattern of PDB/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Martins Lima
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, and Max Plank-Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana C Martins Cavaco
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria Inacia Estevão-Costa
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanz-Soler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georgii Nosov
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, and Max Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Pellerin D, Lortie A, Corbin F. Platelets as a surrogate disease model of neurodevelopmental disorders: Insights from Fragile X Syndrome. Platelets 2017; 29:113-124. [PMID: 28660769 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1317733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and the leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite a large number of therapeutics developed in past years, there is currently no targeted treatment approved for FXS. In fact, translation of the positive and very promising preclinical findings from animal models to human subjects has so far fallen short owing in part to the low predictive validity of the Fmr1 ko mouse, an overly simplistic model of the complex human disease. This issue stresses the critical need to identify new surrogate human peripheral cell models of FXS, which may in fact allow for the identification of novel and more efficient therapies. Of all described models, blood platelets appear to be one of the most promising and appropriate disease models of FXS, in part owing to their close biochemical similarities with neurons. Noteworthy, they also recapitulate some of FXS neuron's core molecular dysregulations, such as hyperactivity of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, elevated enzymatic activity of MMP9 and decreased production of cAMP. Platelets might therefore help furthering our understanding of FXS pathophysiology and might also lead to the identification of disease-specific biomarkers, as was shown in several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, there is additional evidence suggesting that platelet signaling may assist with prediction of cognitive phenotype and could represent a potent readout of drug efficacy in clinical trials. Globally, given the neurobiological overlap between different forms of intellectual disability, platelets may be a valuable window to access the molecular underpinnings of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) sharing similar synaptic plasticity defects with FXS. Platelets are indeed an attractive model for unraveling pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NDD as well as to search for diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pellerin
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada.,b Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Audrey Lortie
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada
| | - François Corbin
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , QC , Canada
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Pienimaeki‐Roemer A, Konovalova T, Musri MM, Sigruener A, Boettcher A, Meister G, Schmitz G. Transcriptomic profiling of platelet senescence and platelet extracellular vesicles. Transfusion 2016; 57:144-156. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Konovalova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
| | - Melina M. Musri
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of RegensburgRegensburg Germany
| | - Alexander Sigruener
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
| | - Gunter Meister
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of RegensburgRegensburg Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg
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Qin Z, Wan JJ, Sun Y, Wang PY, Su DF, Lei H, Liu X. ORM Promotes Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Accumulation via CCR5-Activated AMPK Pathway in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:302. [PMID: 27679573 PMCID: PMC5020064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We found previously that acute phase protein orosomucoid reacts to fatigue and activates C-C chemokine receptor type 5 to increase muscle glycogen storage and enhance muscle endurance (Lei et al., 2016). To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase, a critical fuel sensor in skeletal muscle, in C-C chemokine receptor type 5-mediated orosomucoid action. It was found orosomucoid increased skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase activation in a time- and dose- dependent manner, which was largely prevented by pharmacological blocking or knockout of C-C chemokine receptor type 5. Administration of orosomucoid also significantly increased the de-phosphorylation and activity of muscle glycogen synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycogen synthesis. The effect was largely absent in mice deficient in C-C chemokine receptor type 5−/− or AMP-activated protein kinase α2−/−, the predominant isoform in skeletal muscle. Moreover, deletion of AMP-activated protein kinase α2 abolished the effect of orosomucoid on fatigue and muscle glycogen. These findings indicate that orosomucoid may promote glycogen storage and enhance muscle function through C-C chemokine receptor type 5-mdiated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which in turn activates glycogen synthase and increases muscle glycogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, China
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Pellerin D, Çaku A, Fradet M, Bouvier P, Dubé J, Corbin F. Lovastatin corrects ERK pathway hyperactivation in fragile X syndrome: potential of platelet’s signaling cascades as new outcome measures in clinical trials. Biomarkers 2016; 21:497-508. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2016.1160289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenbergerweg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany,
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