1
|
Mackay DJG, Gazdagh G, Monk D, Brioude F, Giabicani E, Krzyzewska IM, Kalish JM, Maas SM, Kagami M, Beygo J, Kahre T, Tenorio-Castano J, Ambrozaitytė L, Burnytė B, Cerrato F, Davies JH, Ferrero GB, Fjodorova O, Manero-Azua A, Pereda A, Russo S, Tannorella P, Temple KI, Õunap K, Riccio A, de Nanclares GP, Maher ER, Lapunzina P, Netchine I, Eggermann T, Bliek J, Tümer Z. Multi-locus imprinting disturbance (MLID): interim joint statement for clinical and molecular diagnosis. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:99. [PMID: 39090763 PMCID: PMC11295890 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imprinting disorders are rare diseases resulting from altered expression of imprinted genes, which exhibit parent-of-origin-specific expression patterns regulated through differential DNA methylation. A subgroup of patients with imprinting disorders have DNA methylation changes at multiple imprinted loci, a condition referred to as multi-locus imprinting disturbance (MLID). MLID is recognised in most but not all imprinting disorders and is also found in individuals with atypical clinical features; the presence of MLID often alters the management or prognosis of the affected person. Some cases of MLID are caused by trans-acting genetic variants, frequently not in the patients but their mothers, which have counselling implications. There is currently no consensus on the definition of MLID, clinical indications prompting testing, molecular procedures and methods for epigenetic and genetic diagnosis, recommendations for laboratory reporting, considerations for counselling, and implications for prognosis and management. The purpose of this study is thus to cover this unmet need. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted resulting in identification of more than 100 articles which formed the basis of discussions by two working groups focusing on clinical diagnosis (n = 12 members) and molecular testing (n = 19 members). Following eight months of preparations and regular online discussions, the experts from 11 countries compiled the preliminary documentation and determined the questions to be addressed during a face-to-face meeting which was held with the attendance of the experts together with four representatives of patient advocacy organisations. RESULTS In light of available evidence and expert consensus, we formulated 16 propositions and 8 recommendations as interim guidance for the clinical and molecular diagnosis of MLID. CONCLUSIONS MLID is a molecular designation, and for patients with MLID and atypical phenotypes, we propose the alternative term multi-locus imprinting syndrome. Due to the intrinsic variability of MLID, the guidelines underscore the importance of involving experts from various fields to ensure a confident approach to diagnosis, counselling, and care. The authors advocate for global, collaborative efforts in both basic and translational research to tackle numerous crucial questions that currently lack answers, and suggest reconvening within the next 3-5 years to evaluate the research advancements and update this guidance as needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella Gazdagh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - David Monk
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Frederic Brioude
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Pathologies d'empreinte, INSERMSorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand TrousseauAPHP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Pathologies d'empreinte, INSERMSorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand TrousseauAPHP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Izabela M Krzyzewska
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jasmin Beygo
- Institut Für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tiina Kahre
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, INGEMM-Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Burnytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Justin H Davies
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Regional Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton Children's Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Battista Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, School of Medicine, Centre for Hemoglobinopathies, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Olga Fjodorova
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Africa Manero-Azua
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Silvia Russo
- IRCCS Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierpaola Tannorella
- IRCCS Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen I Temple
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB),"Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Rare Diseases Research Group, Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, INGEMM-Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irène Netchine
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Pathologies d'empreinte, INSERMSorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand TrousseauAPHP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genome Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim HY, Shin CH, Shin CH, Ko JM. Uncovering the phenotypic consequences of multi-locus imprinting disturbances using genome-wide methylation analysis in genomic imprinting disorders. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290450. [PMID: 37594968 PMCID: PMC10437897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes are regulated by DNA methylation of imprinted differentially methylated regions (iDMRs). An increasing number of patients with congenital imprinting disorders (IDs) exhibit aberrant methylation at multiple imprinted loci, multi-locus imprinting disturbance (MLID). We examined MLID and its possible impact on clinical features in patients with IDs. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis (GWMA) using blood leukocyte DNA was performed on 13 patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), two patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), and four controls. HumanMethylation850 BeadChip analysis for 77 iDMRs (809 CpG sites) identified three patients with BWS and one patient with SRS showing additional hypomethylation, other than the disease-related iDMRs, suggestive of MLID. Two regions were aberrantly methylated in at least two patients with BWS showing MLID: PPIEL locus (chromosome 1: 39559298 to 39559744), and FAM50B locus (chromosome 6: 3849096 to 3849469). All patients with BWS- and SRS-MLID did not show any other clinical characteristics associated with additional involved iDMRs. Exome analysis in three patients with BWS who exhibited multiple hypomethylation did not identify any causative variant related to MLID. This study indicates that a genome-wide approach can unravel MLID in patients with an apparently isolated ID. Patients with MLID showed only clinical features related to the original IDs. Long-term follow-up studies in larger cohorts are warranted to evaluate any possible phenotypic consequences of other disturbed imprinted loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mangiavacchi PM, Caldas-Bussiere MC, Mendonça MDS, Rumpf R, Lemos Júnior PES, Alves CS, Carneiro WDS, Dias AJB, Rios ÁFL. Multi-locus DNA methylation analysis of imprinted genes in cattle from somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 2022; 186:95-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Grosvenor SE, Davies JH, Lever M, Sillibourne J, Mackay DJG, Temple IK. A patient with multilocus imprinting disturbance involving hypomethylation at 11p15 and 14q32, and phenotypic features of Beckwith-Wiedemann and Temple syndromes. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1896-1903. [PMID: 35266280 PMCID: PMC9310769 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Temple syndrome (TS) are classical imprinting disorders (IDs) with nonconfluent clinical features. We report here on a patient with clinical features of both syndromes, in whom epimutations were found at the BWS and TS imprinted regions, consistent with multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID). This is the first case report of a patient with clinical features of both conditions who was found to have loss of methylation (LOM) of KCNQ1OT1: TSS‐DMR (ICR2) in the 11p15 imprinted region associated with BWS and LOM of MEG3: TSS‐DMR in the 14q32 imprinted region associated with TS. The report draws attention to the importance of testing for MLID as a cause of atypical clinical presentations of patients with IDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Grosvenor
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trusts, Southampton, UK
| | - Margaret Lever
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Julie Sillibourne
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trusts, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mangiavacchi PM, Caldas-Bussiere MC, Mendonça MDS, Dias AJB, Rios ÁFL. Multi-locus imprinting disturbances of Beckwith-Wiedemann and Large offspring syndrome/Abnormal offspring syndrome: A brief review. Theriogenology 2021; 173:193-201. [PMID: 34399383 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro fertilization and somatic cell nuclear transfer are assisted reproduction technologies commonly used in humans and cattle, respectively. Despite advances in these technologies, molecular failures can occur, increasing the chance of the onset of imprinting disorders in the offspring. Large offspring syndrome/abnormal offspring syndrome (LOS/AOS) has been described in cattle and has features such as hypergrowth, malformation of organs, and skeletal and placental defects. In humans, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) has phenotypic characteristics similar to those found in LOS/AOS. In both syndromes, disruption of genomic imprinting associated with loss of parental-specific expression and parental-specific epigenetic marks is involved in the molecular etiology. Changes in the imprinting pattern of these genes lead to loss of imprinting (LOI) due to gain or loss of methylation, inducing the emergence of these syndromes. Several studies have reported locus-specific alterations in these syndromes, such as hypomethylation in imprinting control region 2 (KvDMR1) in BWS and LOS/AOS. These LOI events can occur at multiple imprinted loci in the same affected individual, which are called multi-locus methylation defect (MLMD) events. Although the bovine species has been proposed as a developmental model for human imprinting disorders, there is little information on bovine imprinted genes in the literature, even the correlation of epimutation data with clinical characteristics. In this study, we performed a systematic review of all the multi-locus LOI events described in human BWS and LOS/AOS, in order to determine in which imprinted genes the largest changes in the pattern of DNA methylation and expression occur, helping to fill gaps for a better understanding of the etiology of both syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Magnelli Mangiavacchi
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Animal Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Caldas-Bussiere
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Animal Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Mendonça
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angelo José Burla Dias
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Animal Breeding, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Fabrício Lopes Rios
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Need for a precise molecular diagnosis in Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndrome: what has to be considered and why it is important. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1447-1455. [PMID: 32839827 PMCID: PMC7524824 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Molecular diagnostic testing of the 11p15.5-associated imprinting disorders Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (SRS, BWS) is challenging due to the broad spectrum of molecular defects and their mosaic occurrence. Additionally, the decision on the molecular testing algorithm is hindered by their clinical heterogeneity. However, the precise identification of the type of defect is often a prerequisite for the clinical management and genetic counselling. Four major molecular alterations (epimutations, uniparental disomies, copy number variants, single nucleotide variants) have been identified, but their frequencies vary between SRS and BWS. Due to their molecular aetiology, epimutations in both disorders as well as upd(11)pat in BWS are particular prone to mosaicism which might additionally complicate the interpretation of testing results. We report on our experience of molecular analysis in a total cohort of 1448 patients referred for diagnostic testing of BWS and SRS, comprising a dataset from 737 new patients and from 711 cases from a recent study. Though the majority of positively tested patients showed the expected molecular results, we identified a considerable number of clinically unexpected molecular alterations as well as not yet reported changes and discrepant mosaic distributions. Additionally, the rate of multilocus imprinting disturbances among the patients with epimutations and uniparental diploidies could be further specified. Altogether, these cases show that comprehensive testing strategies have to be applied in diagnostic testing of SRS and BWS. The precise molecular diagnosis is required as the basis for a targeted management (e.g. ECG (electrocardiogram) and tumour surveillance in BWS, growth treatment in SRS). The molecular diagnosis furthermore provides the basis for genetic counselling. However, it has to be considered that recurrence risk calculation is determined by the phenotypic consequences of each molecular alteration and mechanism by which the alteration arose. Key messages The detection rates for the typical molecular defects of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome or Silver-Russell syndrome (BWS, SRS) are lower in routine cohorts than in clinically well-characterised ones. A broad spectrum of (unexpected) molecular alterations in both disorders can be identified. Multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID) are less frequent in SRS than expected. The frequency of MLID and uniparental diploidy in BWS is confirmed. Mosaicism is a diagnostic challenge in BWS and SRS. The precise determination of the molecular defects affecting is the basis for a targeted clinical management and genetic counselling.
Collapse
|
7
|
DNA Methylation in the Diagnosis of Monogenic Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040355. [PMID: 32224912 PMCID: PMC7231024 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation in the human genome is largely programmed and shaped by transcription factor binding and interaction between DNA methyltransferases and histone marks during gamete and embryo development. Normal methylation profiles can be modified at single or multiple loci, more frequently as consequences of genetic variants acting in cis or in trans, or in some cases stochastically or through interaction with environmental factors. For many developmental disorders, specific methylation patterns or signatures can be detected in blood DNA. The recent use of high-throughput assays investigating the whole genome has largely increased the number of diseases for which DNA methylation analysis provides information for their diagnosis. Here, we review the methylation abnormalities that have been associated with mono/oligogenic diseases, their relationship with genotype and phenotype and relevance for diagnosis, as well as the limitations in their use and interpretation of results.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wesseler K, Kraft F, Eggermann T. Molecular and Clinical Opposite Findings in 11p15.5 Associated Imprinting Disorders: Characterization of Basic Mechanisms to Improve Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174219. [PMID: 31466347 PMCID: PMC6747273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes (SRS, BWS) are rare congenital human disorders characterized by opposite growth disturbances. With the increasing knowledge on the molecular basis of SRS and BWS, it has become obvious that the disorders mirror opposite alterations at the same genomic loci in 11p15.5. In fact, these changes directly or indirectly affect the expression of IGF2 and CDKN1C and their associated pathways, and thereby, cause growth disturbances as key features of both diseases. The increase of knowledge has become possible with the development and implementation of new and comprehensive assays. Whereas, in the beginning molecular testing was restricted to single chromosomal loci, many tests now address numerous loci in the same run, and the diagnostic implementation of (epi)genome wide assays is only a question of time. These high-throughput approaches will be complemented by the analysis of other omic datasets (e.g., transcriptome, metabolome, proteome), and it can be expected that the integration of these data will massively improve the understanding of the pathobiology of imprinting disorders and their diagnostics. Especially long-read sequencing methods, e.g., nanopore sequencing, allowing direct detection of native DNA modification, will strongly contribute to a better understanding of genomic imprinting in the near future. Thereby, new genomic loci and types of pathogenic variants will be identified, resulting in more precise discrimination into different molecular subgroups. These subgroups serve as the basis for (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations, allowing a more directed prognosis, counseling, and therapy. By deciphering the pathophysiological consequences of SRS and BWS and their molecular disturbances, future therapies will be available targeting the basic cause of the disease and respective pathomechanisms and will complement conventional therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wesseler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Next generation sequencing and imprinting disorders: Current applications and future perspectives: Lessons from Silver-Russell syndrome. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 44:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
10
|
Hattori H, Hiura H, Kitamura A, Miyauchi N, Kobayashi N, Takahashi S, Okae H, Kyono K, Kagami M, Ogata T, Arima T. Association of four imprinting disorders and ART. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:21. [PMID: 30732658 PMCID: PMC6367766 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human-assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are a widely accepted treatment for infertile couples. At the same time, many studies have suggested the correlation between ART and increased incidences of normally rare imprinting disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), Angelman syndrome (AS), Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). Major methylation dynamics take place during cell development and the preimplantation stages of embryonic development. ART may prevent the proper erasure, establishment, and maintenance of DNA methylation. However, the causes and ART risk factors for these disorders are not well understood. Results A nationwide epidemiological study in Japan in 2015 in which 2777 pediatrics departments were contacted and a total of 931 patients with imprinting disorders including 117 BWS, 227 AS, 520 PWS, and 67 SRS patients, were recruited. We found 4.46- and 8.91-fold increased frequencies of BWS and SRS associated with ART, respectively. Most of these patients were conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and showed aberrant imprinted DNA methylation. We also found that ART-conceived SRS (ART-SRS) patients had incomplete and more widespread DNA methylation variations than spontaneously conceived SRS patients, especially in sperm-specific methylated regions using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to compare DNA methylomes. In addition, we found that the ART patients with one of three imprinting disorders, PWS, AS, and SRS, displayed additional minor phenotypes and lack of the phenotypes. The frequency of ART-conceived Prader-Willi syndrome (ART-PWS) was 3.44-fold higher than anticipated. When maternal age was 37 years or less, the rate of DNA methylation errors in ART-PWS patients was significantly increased compared with spontaneously conceived PWS patients. Conclusions We reconfirmed the association between ART and imprinting disorders. In addition, we found unique methylation patterns in ART-SRS patients, therefore, concluded that the imprinting disorders related to ART might tend to take place just after fertilization at a time when the epigenome is most vulnerable and might be affected by the techniques of manipulation used for IVF or ICSI and the culture medium of the fertilized egg. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0623-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Hattori
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Kyono ART Clinic, 1-1-1, Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0014, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akane Kitamura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyauchi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Souta Takahashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koichi Kyono
- Kyono ART Clinic, 1-1-1, Honcho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0014, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soellner L, Kraft F, Sauer S, Begemann M, Kurth I, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Search for cis-acting factors and maternal effect variants in Silver-Russell patients with ICR1 hypomethylation and their mothers. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:42-48. [PMID: 30218098 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome is an imprinting disorder characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. The majority of patients show loss of methylation (LOM) of the H19/IGF2 IG-DMR (ICR1) in 11p15.5. In ~10% of these patients aberrant methylation of additional imprinted loci on other chromosomes than 11 can be observed (multilocus imprinting defect - MLID). Recently, genomic variations in the ICR1 have been associated with disturbed methylation of the ICR1. In addition, variants in factors contributing to the life cycle of imprinting are discussed to cause aberrant imprinting, including MLID. These variants can either be identified in the patients with imprinting disorders themselves or in their mothers. We performed comprehensive studies to elucidate the role of both cis-acting variants in 11p15.5 as well as of maternal effect variants in the etiology of ICR1 LOM. Whereas copy number analysis and next generation sequencing in the ICR1 did not provide any evidence for a variant, search for maternal effect variants in 21 mothers of patients with ICR1 LOM identified two carriers of NLRP5 variants. By considering our results as well as those from the literature, we conclude that the causes for epimutations are heterogeneous. MLID might be regarded as an own etiological subgroup, associated with maternal effect variants in NLRP and functionally related genes. In addition, these variants might also contribute to LOM of single imprinted loci. Furthermore, genomic variants in the patients themselves might result in aberrant methylation patterns and need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sauer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Köln, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yeung KS, Ho MSP, Lee SL, Kan ASY, Chan KYK, Tang MHY, Mak CCY, Leung GKC, So PL, Pfundt R, Marshall CR, Scherer SW, Choufani S, Weksberg R, Hon-Yin Chung B. Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 19 in a pair of monochorionic diamniotic twins with dysmorphic features and developmental delay. J Med Genet 2018; 55:847-852. [PMID: 30007940 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report here clinical, cytogenetic and molecular data for a pair of monochorionic diamniotic twins with paternal isodisomy for chromosome 19. Both twins presented with dysmorphic features and global developmental delay. This represents, to our knowledge, the first individual human case of paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 19 (UPD19). METHODS Whole-exome sequencing, together with conventional karyotype and SNP array analysis were performed along with genome-wide DNA methylation array for delineation of the underlying molecular defects. RESULTS Conventional karyotyping on amniocytes and lymphocytes showed normal karyotypes for both twins. Whole-exome sequencing did not identify any pathogenic sequence variants but >5000 homozygous exonic variants on chromosome 19, suggestive of UPD19. SNP arrays on blood and buccal DNA both showed paternal isodisomy for chromosome 19. Losses of imprinting for known imprinted genes on chromosome 19 were identified, including ZNF331, PEG3, ZIM2 and MIMT1. In addition, imprinting defects were also identified in genes located on other chromosomes, including GPR1-AS, JAKMP1 and NHP2L1. CONCLUSION Imprinting defects are the most likely cause for the dysmorphism and developmental delay in this first report of monozygotic twins with UPD19. However, epigenotype-phenotype correlation will require identification of additional individuals with UPD19 and further molecular analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kit San Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew Sai Pong Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - So Lun Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Anita Sik Yau Kan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Yuen Kwong Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Mary Hoi Yin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher Chun Yu Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gordon Ka Chun Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Po Lam So
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science and Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Hon-Yin Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, Hong Kong.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tümer Z, López-Hernández JA, Netchine I, Elbracht M, Grønskov K, Gede LB, Sachwitz J, den Dunnen JT, Eggermann T. Structural and sequence variants in patients with Silver-Russell syndrome or similar features-Curation of a disease database. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:345-364. [PMID: 29250858 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disorder involving prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, and the term SRS-like is broadly used to describe individuals with clinical features resembling SRS. The main molecular subgroups are loss of methylation of the distal imprinting control region (H19/IGF2:IG-DMR) on 11p15.5 (50%) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (5%-10%). Through a comprehensive literature search, we identified 91 patients/families with various structural and small sequence variants, which were suggested as additional molecular defects leading to SRS/SRS-like phenotypes. However, the molecular and phenotypic data of these patients were not standardized and therefore not comparable, rendering difficulties in phenotype-genotype comparisons. To overcome this challenge, we curated a disease database including (epi)genetic phenotypic data of these patients. The clinical features are scored according to the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS), which has recently been accepted as standard by consensus. The structural and sequence variations are reviewed and where necessary redescribed according to recent recommendations. Our study provides a framework for both research and diagnostic purposes through facilitating a standardized comparison of (epi)genotypes with phenotypes of patients with structural/sequence variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lene Bjerring Gede
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jana Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Human Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eggermann T, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Dicks S, Thomas W, Kanber D, Albrecht B, Begemann M, Kurth I, Beygo J, Buiting K. The maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 (upd(6)mat) "phenotype": result of placental trisomy 6 mosaicism? Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:668-677. [PMID: 29178649 PMCID: PMC5702562 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 (upd(6)mat) is a rare finding and its clinical relevance is currently unclear. Based on clinical data from two new cases and patients from the literature, the pathogenetic significance of upd(6)mat is delineated. METHODS Own cases were molecularly characterized for isodisomic uniparental regions on chromosome 6. For further cases with upd(6)mat, a literature search was conducted and genetic and clinical data were ascertained. RESULTS Comparison of isodisomic regions between the new upd(6)mat cases and those from four reports did not reveal any common isodisomic region. Among the patients with available cytogenetic data, five had a normal karyotype in lymphocytes, whereas a trisomy 6 (mosaicism) was detected prenatally in four cases. A common clinical picture was not obvious in upd(6)mat, but intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm delivery were frequent. CONCLUSION A common upd(6)mat phenotype is not obvious, but placental dysfunction due to trisomy 6 mosaicism probably contributes to IUGR and preterm delivery. In fact, other clinical features observed in upd(6)mat patients might be caused by homozygosity of recessive mutations or by an undetected trisomy 6 cell line. Upd(6)mat itself is not associated with clinical features, and can rather be regarded as a biomarker. In case upd(6)mat is detected, the cause for the phenotype is identified indirectly, but the UPD is not the basic cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Severin Dicks
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Deniz Kanber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Albrecht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Beygo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meyer R, Soellner L, Begemann M, Dicks S, Fekete G, Rahner N, Zerres K, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing Approach in Patients Referred for Silver-Russell Syndrome Testing Increases the Mutation Detection Rate and Provides Decisive Information for Clinical Management. J Pediatr 2017; 187:206-212.e1. [PMID: 28529015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution of differential diagnoses to the mutation spectrum of patients referred for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) testing. STUDY DESIGN Forty-seven patients referred for molecular testing for SRS were examined after exclusion of one of the SRS-associated alterations. After clinical classification, a targeted next generation sequencing approach comprising 25 genes associated with other diagnoses or postulated as SRS candidate genes was performed. RESULTS By applying the Netchine-Harbinson clinical scoring system, indication for molecular testing for SRS was confirmed in 15 out of 47 patients. In 4 out of these 15 patients, disease-causing variants were found in genes associated with other diagnoses. These patients carried mutations associated with Bloom syndrome, Mulibrey nanism, KBG syndrome, or IGF1R-associated short stature. We could not detect any pathogenic mutation in patients with a negative clinical score. CONCLUSIONS Some of the differential diagnoses detected in the cohort presented here have a major impact on clinical management. Therefore, we emphasize that the molecular defects associated with these clinical pictures should be excluded before the clinical diagnosis "SRS" is made. Finally, we could show that a broad molecular approach including the differential diagnoses of SRS increases the detection rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Severin Dicks
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - György Fekete
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nils Rahner
- University Clinic Düsseldorf, Institute of Human Genetics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beygo J, Küchler A, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Albrecht B, Eckle J, Eggermann T, Gellhaus A, Kanber D, Kordaß U, Lüdecke HJ, Purmann S, Rossier E, van de Nes J, van der Werf IM, Wenzel M, Wieczorek D, Horsthemke B, Buiting K. New insights into the imprinted MEG8-DMR in 14q32 and clinical and molecular description of novel patients with Temple syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2017. [PMID: 28635951 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal region 14q32 contains several imprinted genes, which are expressed either from the paternal (DLK1 and RTL1) or the maternal (MEG3, RTL1as and MEG8) allele only. Imprinted expression of these genes is regulated by two differentially methylated regions (DMRs), the germline DLK1/MEG3 intergenic (IG)-DMR (MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR) and the somatic MEG3-DMR (MEG3:TSS-DMR), which are methylated on the paternal and unmethylated on the maternal allele. Disruption of imprinting in the 14q32 region results in two clinically distinct imprinting disorders, Temple syndrome (TS14) and Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS14). Another DMR with a yet unknown function is located in intron 2 of MEG8 (MEG8-DMR, MEG8:Int2-DMR). In contrast to the IG-DMR and the MEG3-DMR, this somatic DMR is methylated on the maternal chromosome and unmethylated on the paternal chromosome. We have performed extensive methylation analyses by deep bisulfite sequencing of the IG-DMR, MEG3-DMR and MEG8-DMR in different prenatal tissues including amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi. In addition, we have studied the methylation pattern of the MEG8-DMR in different postnatal tissues. We show that the MEG8-DMR is hypermethylated in each of 13 non-deletion TS14 patients (seven newly identified and six previously published patients), irrespective of the underlying molecular cause, and is always hypomethylated in the four patients with KOS14, who have different deletions not encompassing the MEG8-DMR itself. The size and the extent of the deletions and the resulting methylation pattern suggest that transcription starting from the MEG3 promoter may be necessary to establish the methylation imprint at the MEG8-DMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Beygo
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Küchler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Beate Albrecht
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Eckle
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, St. Elisabeth-Stiftung, Ravensburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Deniz Kanber
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kordaß
- MVZ für Humangenetik und Molekularpathologie Rostock, Zweigstelle Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Purmann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Rossier
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und angewandte Genomik, Universiät Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Genetikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes van de Nes
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu D, Gong C, Su C. Genome-wide analysis of differential DNA methylation in Silver-Russell syndrome. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28624953 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth restriction, and variable dysmorphic features. Current evidence strongly implicates imprinted genes as an important etiology of SRS. Although almost half of the patients showed DNA hypomethylation at the H19/IGF2 imprinted domain, and approximately 7%-10% of SRS patients have maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD (7) mat); the rest of the SRS patients shows unknown etiology. In this study, we investigate whether there are further DNA methylation defects in SRS patients. We measured DNA methylation in seven SRS patients and five controls at more than 485,000 CpG sites using DNA methylation microarrays. We analyzed methylation changes genome-wide and identified the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) using bisulfite sequencing and digital PCR. Our analysis identifies epimutations at the previously characterized domains of H19/IGF2, providing proof of principle that our methodology can detect the changes in DNA methylation at imprinted loci. In addition, our results showed a novel SRS associated imprinted gene OSBPL5 located on chromosome 11p14 with the probe cg25963939, which is hypomethylated in 4/7 patients (P=0.023, β=-0.243). We also report DMRs in other genes including TGFβ3, HSF1, GAP43, NOTCH4 and MYH14. These DMRs were found to be associated with SRS using GO pathway analysis. In this study, we identified the probe cg25963939, located at the 5'UTR of imprinted gene OSBPL5, as a novel DMR that is associated with SRS. This finding provides new insights into the mechanism of SRS etiology and aid the further stratification of SRS patients by molecular phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing, 100045, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Scheuvens R, Begemann M, Soellner L, Meschede D, Raabe-Meyer G, Elbracht M, Schubert R, Eggermann T. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16 [upd(16)mat]: clinical features are rather caused by (hidden) trisomy 16 mosaicism than by upd(16)mat itself. Clin Genet 2017; 92:45-51. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Scheuvens
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - M. Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - L. Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - M. Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | | | - T. Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital, Technical University (RWTH) Aachen; Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Duffy KA, Deardorff MA, Kalish JM. The utility of alpha-fetoprotein screening in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:581-584. [PMID: 28160403 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is one of the most common cancer predisposition disorders. As a result, BWS patients receive tumor screening as part of their clinical management. Until recently, this screening has been employed uniformly across all genetic and epigenetic causes of BWS, including the utilization of ultrasonography to detect abdominal tumors and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to detect hepatoblastoma. The advancements in our understanding of the genetics and epigenetics leading to BWS has evolved over time, and has led to the development of genotype/phenotype correlations. As tumor risk appears to correlate with genetic and epigenetic causes of BWS, several groups have proposed alterations to tumor screening protocols based on the etiology of BWS, with the elimination of AFP as a screening measure and the elimination of all screening measures in BWS patients with loss of methylation at the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR 2 (IC2). There are many challenges to this suggestion, as IC2 patients may have additional factors that contribute to risk of hepatoblastoma including fetal growth patterns, relationship with assisted reproductive technologies, and the regulation of the IC2 locus. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Duffy
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wakeling EL, Brioude F, Lokulo-Sodipe O, O'Connell SM, Salem J, Bliek J, Canton APM, Chrzanowska KH, Davies JH, Dias RP, Dubern B, Elbracht M, Giabicani E, Grimberg A, Grønskov K, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Jorge AA, Kagami M, Linglart A, Maghnie M, Mohnike K, Monk D, Moore GE, Murray PG, Ogata T, Petit IO, Russo S, Said E, Toumba M, Tümer Z, Binder G, Eggermann T, Harbison MD, Temple IK, Mackay DJG, Netchine I. Diagnosis and management of Silver-Russell syndrome: first international consensus statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:105-124. [PMID: 27585961 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This Consensus Statement summarizes recommendations for clinical diagnosis, investigation and management of patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), an imprinting disorder that causes prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Considerable overlap exists between the care of individuals born small for gestational age and those with SRS. However, many specific management issues exist and evidence from controlled trials remains limited. SRS is primarily a clinical diagnosis; however, molecular testing enables confirmation of the clinical diagnosis and defines the subtype. A 'normal' result from a molecular test does not exclude the diagnosis of SRS. The management of children with SRS requires an experienced, multidisciplinary approach. Specific issues include growth failure, severe feeding difficulties, gastrointestinal problems, hypoglycaemia, body asymmetry, scoliosis, motor and speech delay and psychosocial challenges. An early emphasis on adequate nutritional status is important, with awareness that rapid postnatal weight gain might lead to subsequent increased risk of metabolic disorders. The benefits of treating patients with SRS with growth hormone include improved body composition, motor development and appetite, reduced risk of hypoglycaemia and increased height. Clinicians should be aware of possible premature adrenarche, fairly early and rapid central puberty and insulin resistance. Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues can delay progression of central puberty and preserve adult height potential. Long-term follow up is essential to determine the natural history and optimal management in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Susan M O'Connell
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork T12 DC4A, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Salem
- MAGIC Foundation, 6645 W. North Avenue, Oak Park, Illinois 60302, USA
| | - Jet Bliek
- Academic Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory for Genome Diagnostics, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana P M Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° andar sala 5340 (LIM25), 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Krystyna H Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justin H Davies
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Renuka P Dias
- Institutes of Metabolism and Systems Research, Vincent Drive, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vincent Drive, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Nutrition and Gastroenterology Department, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Trousseau Hospital, HUEP, APHP, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eloise Giabicani
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Suite 11NW30, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM/25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 5° andar sala 5340 (LIM25), 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Agnes Linglart
- APHP, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Mineral Metabolism and Plateforme d'Expertise Paris Sud Maladies Rares, Hospital Bicêtre Paris Sud, 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Otto-von-Guericke University, Department of Pediatrics, Leipziger Street 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Gran via 199-203, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Fetal Growth and Development Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip G Murray
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Isabelle Oliver Petit
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetic, Bone Disease &Gynecology Unit, Children's Hospital, TSA 70034, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Instituto Auxologico Italiano, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Laboratory, via Ariosto 13 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Edith Said
- Department of Anatomy &Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine &Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine &Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Mater dei Hospital, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Meropi Toumba
- IASIS Hospital, 8 Voriou Ipirou, 8036, Paphos, Cyprus
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Gl. Landevej 7, 2600 Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 E 98th Street #1192, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Irène Netchine
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Est (AP-HP) Hôpital des Enfants Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, 34 rue Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC UNIV Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grafodatskaya D, Choufani S, Basran R, Weksberg R. An Update on Molecular Diagnostic Testing of Human Imprinting Disorders. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 6:3-17. [PMID: 28180023 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Imprinted genes are expressed in a parent of origin manner. Dysregulation of imprinted genes expression causes various disorders associated with abnormalities of growth, neurodevelopment, and metabolism. Molecular mechanisms leading to imprinting disorders and strategies for their diagnosis are discussed in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Grafodatskaya
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveen Basran
- Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eggermann K, Bliek J, Brioude F, Algar E, Buiting K, Russo S, Tümer Z, Monk D, Moore G, Antoniadi T, Macdonald F, Netchine I, Lombardi P, Soellner L, Begemann M, Prawitt D, Maher ER, Mannens M, Riccio A, Weksberg R, Lapunzina P, Grønskov K, Mackay DJG, Eggermann T. EMQN best practice guidelines for the molecular genetic testing and reporting of chromosome 11p15 imprinting disorders: Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1377-87. [PMID: 27165005 PMCID: PMC5027690 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic testing for the 11p15-associated imprinting disorders Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (SRS, BWS) is challenging because of the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of the affected imprinted regions. With the growing knowledge on the molecular basis of these disorders and the demand for molecular testing, it turned out that there is an urgent need for a standardized molecular diagnostic testing and reporting strategy. Based on the results from the first external pilot quality assessment schemes organized by the European Molecular Quality Network (EMQN) in 2014 and in context with activities of the European Network of Imprinting Disorders (EUCID.net) towards a consensus in diagnostics and management of SRS and BWS, best practice guidelines have now been developed. Members of institutions working in the field of SRS and BWS diagnostics were invited to comment, and in the light of their feedback amendments were made. The final document was ratified in the course of an EMQN best practice guideline meeting and is in accordance with the general SRS and BWS consensus guidelines, which are in preparation. These guidelines are based on the knowledge acquired from peer-reviewed and published data, as well as observations of the authors in their practice. However, these guidelines can only provide a snapshot of current knowledge at the time of manuscript submission and readers are advised to keep up with the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gudrun Moore
- Fetal Growth and Developmental Group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL-ICH, London, UK
| | - Thalia Antoniadi
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiona Macdonald
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics – ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Deborah JG Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soellner L, Begemann M, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Tümer Z, Maher ER, Temple IK, Monk D, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I, Eggermann T. Recent Advances in Imprinting Disorders. Clin Genet 2016; 91:3-13. [PMID: 27363536 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (ImpDis) are a group of currently 12 congenital diseases with common underlying (epi)genetic etiologies and overlapping clinical features affecting growth, development and metabolism. In the last years it has emerged that ImpDis are characterized by the same types of mutations and epimutations, i.e. uniparental disomies, copy number variations, epimutations, and point mutations. Each ImpDis is associated with a specific imprinted locus, but the same imprinted region can be involved in different ImpDis. Additionally, even the same aberrant methylation patterns are observed in different phenotypes. As some ImpDis share clinical features, clinical diagnosis is difficult in some cases. The advances in molecular and clinical diagnosis of ImpDis help to circumvent these issues, and they are accompanied by an increasing understanding of the pathomechanism behind them. As these mechanisms have important roles for the etiology of other common conditions, the results in ImpDis research have a wider effect beyond the borders of ImpDis. For patients and their families, the growing knowledge contributes to a more directed genetic counseling of the families and personalized therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Soellner
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - D J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - K Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Z Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - E R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I K Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - D Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - I Netchine
- INSERM, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - T Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tenorio J, Romanelli V, Martin-Trujillo A, Fernández GM, Segovia M, Perandones C, Pérez Jurado LA, Esteller M, Fraga M, Arias P, Gordo G, Dapía I, Mena R, Palomares M, Pérez de Nanclares G, Nevado J, García-Miñaur S, Santos-Simarro F, Martinez-Glez V, Vallespín E, Monk D, Lapunzina P. Clinical and molecular analyses of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: Comparison between spontaneous conception and assisted reproduction techniques. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2740-9. [PMID: 27480579 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome characterized by an excessive prenatal and postnatal growth, macrosomia, macroglossia, and hemihyperplasia. The molecular basis of this syndrome is complex and heterogeneous, involving genes located at 11p15.5. BWS is correlated with assisted reproductive techniques. BWS in individuals born following assisted reproductive techniques has been found to occur four to nine times higher compared to children with to BWS born after spontaneous conception. Here, we report a series of 187 patients with to BWS born either after assisted reproductive techniques or conceived naturally. Eighty-eight percent of BWS patients born via assisted reproductive techniques had hypomethylation of KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR in comparison with 49% for patients with BWS conceived naturally. None of the patients with BWS born via assisted reproductive techniques had hypermethylation of H19/IGF2:IG-DMR, neither CDKN1 C mutations nor patUPD11. We did not find differences in the frequency of multi-locus imprinting disturbances between groups. Patients with BWS born via assisted reproductive techniques had an increased frequency of advanced bone age, congenital heart disease, and decreased frequency of earlobe anomalies but these differences may be explained by the different molecular background compared to those with BWS and spontaneous fertilization. We conclude there is a correlation of the molecular etiology of BWS with the type of conception. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Romanelli
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Martin-Trujillo
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - García-Moya Fernández
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mabel Segovia
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Perandones
- Centro Nacional de Genética Médica, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Pérez Jurado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Genética, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Fraga
- Unidad de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Arias
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Gordo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Dapía
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Mena
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Palomares
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sixto García-Miñaur
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martinez-Glez
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Õunap K. Silver-Russell Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Opposite Phenotypes with Heterogeneous Molecular Etiology. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:110-21. [PMID: 27587987 DOI: 10.1159/000447413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 clinically opposite growth-affecting disorders belonging to the group of congenital imprinting disorders. The expression of both syndromes usually depends on the parental origin of the chromosome in which the imprinted genes reside. SRS is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation with various additional clinical features such as hemihypertrophy, relative macrocephaly, fifth finger clinodactyly, and triangular facies. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with many additional clinical features such as macroglossia, organomegaly, and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Both SRS and BWS are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and for clinical diagnosis, different diagnostic scoring systems have been developed. Six diagnostic scoring systems for SRS and 4 for BWS have been previously published. However, neither syndrome has common consensus diagnostic criteria yet. Most cases of SRS and BWS are associated with opposite epigenetic or genetic abnormalities in the 11p15 chromosomal region leading to opposite imbalances in the expression of imprinted genes. SRS is also caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7, which is usually identified in 5-10% of the cases, and is therefore the first imprinting disorder that affects 2 different chromosomes. In this review, we describe in detail the clinical diagnostic criteria and scoring systems as well as molecular causes in both SRS and BWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Õunap
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eggermann T, Brioude F, Russo S, Lombardi MP, Bliek J, Maher ER, Larizza L, Prawitt D, Netchine I, Gonzales M, Grønskov K, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mannens M, Chrzanowska K, Walasek MK, Begemann M, Soellner L, Eggermann K, Tenorio J, Nevado J, Moore GE, Mackay DJG, Temple K, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Ogata T, Weksberg R, Algar E, Lapunzina P. Prenatal molecular testing for Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes: a challenge for molecular analysis and genetic counseling. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:784-93. [PMID: 26508573 PMCID: PMC4867462 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes (BWS/SRS) are two imprinting disorders (IDs) associated with disturbances of the 11p15.5 chromosomal region. In BWS, epimutations and genomic alterations within 11p15.5 are observed in >70% of patients, whereas in SRS they are observed in about 60% of the cases. In addition, 10% of the SRS patients carry a maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 11p15.5. There is an increasing demand for prenatal testing of these disorders owing to family history, indicative prenatal ultrasound findings or aberrations involving chromosomes 7 and 11. The complex molecular findings underlying these disorders are a challenge not only for laboratories offering these tests but also for geneticists counseling affected families. The scope of counseling must consider the range of detectable disturbances and their origin, the lack of precise quantitative knowledge concerning the inheritance and recurrence risks for the epigenetic abnormalities, which are hallmarks of these developmental disorders. In this paper, experts in the field of BWS and SRS, including members of the European network of congenital IDs (EUCID.net; www.imprinting-disorders.eu), put together their experience and work in the field of 11p15.5-associated IDs with a focus on prenatal testing. Altogether, prenatal tests of 160 fetuses (122 referred for BWS, 38 for SRS testing) from 5 centers were analyzed and reviewed. We summarize the current knowledge on BWS and SRS with respect to diagnostic testing, the consequences for prenatal genetic testing and counseling and our cumulative experience in dealing with these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria P Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Marie Gonzales
- Department of Medical Genetics, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universitie, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krystyna Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Insitute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata K Walasek
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Insitute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lukas Soellner
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jair Tenorio
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Fetal Growth and Developmental group, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL-ICH, London, UK
| | - Deborah JG Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampto; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampto; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamastu, Japan
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Monash Health and Hudson Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ishida M. New developments in Silver-Russell syndrome and implications for clinical practice. Epigenomics 2016; 8:563-80. [PMID: 27066913 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder, characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, relative macrocephaly, body asymmetry and characteristic facial features. It is one of the imprinting disorders, which results as a consequence of aberrant imprinted gene expressions. Currently, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 accounts for approximately 10% of Silver-Russell syndrome cases, while ~50% of patients have hypomethylation at imprinting control region 1 at chromosome 11p15.5 locus, leaving ~40% of cases with unknown etiologies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive list of molecular defects in Silver-Russell syndrome reported to date and to highlight the importance of multiple-loci/tissue testing and trio (both parents and proband) screening. The epigenetic and phenotypic overlaps with other imprinting disorders will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ishida
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, Genetics & Genomic Medicine programme, Genetics & Epigenetics in Health & Diseases Section, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sachwitz J, Strobl-Wildemann G, Fekete G, Ambrozaitytė L, Kučinskas V, Soellner L, Begemann M, Eggermann T. Examinations of maternal uniparental disomy and epimutations for chromosomes 6, 14, 16 and 20 in Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotypes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:20. [PMID: 26969265 PMCID: PMC4787016 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a growth retardation disorder with a very broad molecular and clinical spectrum. Whereas the association of SRS with imprinting disturbances of chromosomes 11p15.5 and 7 is generally accepted, there are controversial discussions on the involvement of other molecular changes. The recent reports on the occurrence of maternal uniparental disomies of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 (upd(6, 16, 20)mat), as well as 14q32 imprint alterations in patients with SRS phenotypes raise the question on the involvement of these mutations in the etiology of SRS. Methods A cohort of 54 growth retarded patients with SRS features was screened for aberrant methylation patterns of chromsomes 6, 14, 16 and 20. Results One carrier of a 14q32 epimutation was identified whereas epimutations and maternal UPD for chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 were excluded. Conclusions Our data and those from the literature confirm that 14q32 disturbances significantly contribute to the mutation spectrum in this cohort. Furthermore, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosomes 6, 16 and 20 can be observed, but are rare. In case they occur they can be regarded as causative for clinical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sachwitz
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - György Fekete
- II. Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Soellner
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Beygo J, Joksic I, Strom TM, Lüdecke HJ, Kolarova J, Siebert R, Mikovic Z, Horsthemke B, Buiting K. A maternal deletion upstream of the imprint control region 2 in 11p15 causes loss of methylation and familial Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1280-6. [PMID: 26839037 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS; OMIM #130650) is an overgrowth syndrome caused by different genetic or epigenetic alterations affecting imprinted regions on chromosome 11p15.5. Here we report a family with multiple offspring affected with BWS including giant omphalocoeles in which maternal transmission of a chromosomal rearrangement including an inversion and two deletions leads to hypomethylation of the imprint control region 2 (ICR2). As the deletion includes the promoter and 5' part of the KCNQ1 gene, we suggest that transcription of this gene may be involved in establishing the maternal methylation imprint of the ICR2, which is located in intron 10 of KCNQ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Beygo
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivana Joksic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institut für Humangenetik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institut für Humangenetik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Zeljko Mikovic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni front, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ohtsuka Y, Higashimoto K, Oka T, Yatsuki H, Jozaki K, Maeda T, Kawahara K, Hamasaki Y, Matsuo M, Nishioka K, Joh K, Mukai T, Soejima H. Identification of consensus motifs associated with mitotic recombination and clinical characteristics in patients with paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 11. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1406-19. [PMID: 26908620 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is defined as the inheritance of both homologs of a given genomic region from only one parent. The majority of UPD includes an entire chromosome. However, the extent of UPD is sometimes limited to a subchromosomal region (segmental UPD). Mosaic paternal UPD (pUPD) of chromosome 11 is found in approximately 20% of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and almost all pUPDs are segmental isodisomic pUPDs resulting from mitotic recombination at an early embryonic stage. A mechanism initiating a DNA double strand break (DSB) within 11p has been predicted to lead to segmental pUPD. However, no consensus motif has yet been found. Here, we analyzed 32 BWS patients with pUPD by SNP array and searched for consensus motifs. We identified four consensus motifs frequently appearing within breakpoint regions of segmental pUPD. These motifs were found in another nine BWS patients with pUPD. In addition, the seven motifs found in meiotic recombination hot spots could not be found within pUPD breakpoint regions. Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation, a marker of DSB initiation, could not be found either. These findings suggest that the mechanism(s) of mitotic recombination leading to segmental pUPD are different from that of meiotic recombination. Furthermore, we found seven patients with paternal uniparental diploidy (PUD) mosaicism. Comparison of clinical features between segmental pUPDs and PUDs showed that developmental disability and cardiac abnormalities were additional characteristic features of PUD mosaicism, along with high risk of tumor development. We also found that macroglossia was characteristic of segmental pUPD mosaicism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Ohtsuka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Takehiko Oka
- World Fusion Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0013, Japan and
| | - Hitomi Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kosuke Jozaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Toshiyuki Maeda
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | | | - Yuhei Hamasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishioka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Keiichiro Joh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vals MA, Yakoreva M, Kahre T, Mee P, Muru K, Joost K, Teek R, Soellner L, Eggermann T, Õunap K. The Frequency of Methylation Abnormalities Among Estonian Patients Selected by Clinical Diagnostic Scoring Systems for Silver-Russell Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:684-91. [PMID: 26505556 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the frequency of methylation abnormalities among Estonian patients selected according to published clinical diagnostic scoring systems for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight patients with clinical suspicion of SRS (n = 20) or BWS (n = 28) were included in the study group, to whom methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification analysis of 11p15 region was made. In addition, to patients with minimal diagnostic score for either SRS or BWS, multilocus methylation-specific single nucleotide primer extension assay was performed. RESULTS Five (38%) SRS patients with positive clinical scoring had abnormal methylation pattern at chromosome 11p15, whereas in the BWS group, only one patient was diagnosed with imprinting control region 2 (ICR2) hypomethylation (8%). An unexpected hypomethylation of the PLAGL1 (6q24) and IGF2R (6q25) genes in the patient with the highest BWS scoring was found. CONCLUSIONS Compared to BWS, diagnostic criteria used for selecting SRS patients gave us a similar detection rate of 11p15 imprinting disorders as seen in other studies. A more careful selection of patients with possible BWS should be considered to improve the detection of molecularly confirmed cases. Genome-wide multilocus methylation tests could be used in routine clinical practice as it increases the detection rates of imprinting disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Vals
- 1 Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia .,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia .,3 Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Yakoreva
- 1 Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia .,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Kahre
- 1 Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia .,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pille Mee
- 4 United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Muru
- 1 Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia .,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kairit Joost
- 1 Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Teek
- 1 Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia .,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lukas Soellner
- 5 Institute of Human Genetics , RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Õunap
- 1 Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital , Tartu, Estonia .,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Soellner L, Monk D, Rezwan FI, Begemann M, Mackay D, Eggermann T. Congenital imprinting disorders: Application of multilocus and high throughput methods to decipher new pathomechanisms and improve their management. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:282-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
33
|
Vals MA, Kahre T, Mee P, Muru K, Kallas E, Žilina O, Tillmann V, Õunap K. Familial 1.3-Mb 11p15.5p15.4 Duplication in Three Generations Causing Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndromes. Mol Syndromol 2015; 6:147-51. [PMID: 26732610 DOI: 10.1159/000437061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 opposite growth-affecting disorders. The common molecular cause for both syndromes is an abnormal regulation of genes in chromosomal region 11p15, where 2 imprinting control regions (ICR) control fetal and postnatal growth. Also, many submicroscopic chromosomal disturbances like duplications in 11p15 have been described among SRS and BWS patients. Duplications involving both ICRs cause SRS or BWS, depending on which parent the aberration is inherited from. We describe to our knowledge the smallest familial pure 1.3-Mb duplication in chromosomal region 11p15.5p15.4 that involves both ICRs and is present in 3 generations causing an SRS or BWS phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Vals
- Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Kahre
- Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pille Mee
- United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Muru
- Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eha Kallas
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Žilina
- Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pappas JG. The clinical course of an overgrowth syndrome, from diagnosis in infancy through adulthood: the case of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2015; 45:112-7. [PMID: 25861997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the most common genetic overgrowth syndrome, and it is frequently clinically recognizable because of characteristic features. These features include macrosomia, hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, facial nevus flammeus, earlobe creases and pits, omphalocele, and organomegaly. The most common molecular cause is hypomethylation of the maternal imprinting control region 2 (ICR2) in 11p15. Other molecular causes include hypermethylation of the maternal ICR1 in 11p15, mutations in CDKN1C, mosaic uniparental disomy 11p15, and chromosomal abnormalities involving 11p15. Some of these abnormalities are testable, and DNA methylation tests of 11p15 confirm about 60% of cases with BWS. The main management issues in pediatrics are hypoglycemia at birth, macroglossia, and surveillance for embryonal tumors, especially Wilms and hepatoblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John G Pappas
- Clinical Genetic Services, Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Eggermann T, Netchine I, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay D, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Maher ER. Congenital imprinting disorders: EUCID.net - a network to decipher their aetiology and to improve the diagnostic and clinical care. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:23. [PMID: 25784961 PMCID: PMC4362648 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (IDs) are a group of eight rare but probably underdiagnosed congenital diseases affecting growth, development and metabolism. They are caused by similar molecular changes affecting regulation, dosage or the genomic sequence of imprinted genes. Each ID is characterised by specific clinical features, and, as each appeared to be associated with specific imprinting defects, they have been widely regarded as separate entities. However, they share clinical characteristics and can show overlapping molecular alterations. Nevertheless, IDs are usually studied separately despite their common underlying (epi)genetic aetiologies, and their basic pathogenesis and long-term clinical consequences remain largely unknown. Efforts to elucidate the aetiology of IDs are currently fragmented across Europe, and standardisation of diagnostic and clinical management is lacking. The new consortium EUCID.net (European network of congenital imprinting disorders) now aims to promote better clinical care and scientific investigation of imprinting disorders by establishing a concerted multidisciplinary alliance of clinicians, researchers, patients and families. By encompassing all IDs and establishing a wide ranging and collaborative network, EUCID.net brings together a wide variety of expertise and interests to engender new collaborations and initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074 Germany ; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France ; UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universites, Paris, F-75012 France ; Pediatric Endocrinology, 3APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, 75012 France
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Karin Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy ; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Eggermann T, Soellner L, Buiting K, Kotzot D. Mosaicism and uniparental disomy in prenatal diagnosis. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
37
|
Genome-wide methylation analysis in Silver-Russell syndrome patients. Hum Genet 2015; 134:317-332. [PMID: 25563730 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterised by severe in utero growth restriction and poor postnatal growth, body asymmetry, irregular craniofacial features and several additional minor malformations. The aetiology of SRS is complex and current evidence strongly implicates imprinted genes. Approximately, half of all patients exhibit DNA hypomethylation at the H19/IGF2 imprinted domain, and around 10% have maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7. We measured DNA methylation in 18 SRS patients at >485,000 CpG sites using DNA methylation microarrays. Using a novel bioinformatics methodology specifically designed to identify subsets of patients with a shared epimutation, we analysed methylation changes genome-wide as well as at known imprinted regions to identify SRS-associated epimutations. Our analysis identifies epimutations at the previously characterised domains of H19/IGF2 and at imprinted regions on chromosome 7, providing proof of principle that our methodology can detect DNA methylation changes at imprinted loci. In addition, we discovered two novel epimutations associated with SRS and located at imprinted loci previously linked to relevant mouse and human phenotypes. We identify RB1 as an additional imprinted locus associated with SRS, with a region near the RB1 differentially methylated region hypermethylated in 13/18 (~70%) patients. We also report 6/18 (~33%) patients were hypermethylated at a CpG island near the ANKRD11 gene. We do not observe consistent co-occurrence of epimutations at multiple imprinted loci in single SRS individuals. SRS is clinically heterogeneous and the absence of multiple imprinted loci epimutations reflects the heterogeneity at the molecular level. Further stratification of SRS patients by molecular phenotypes might aid the identification of disease causes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Eggermann T, Binder G, Brioude F, Maher ER, Lapunzina P, Cubellis MV, Bergadá I, Prawitt D, Begemann M. CDKN1C mutations: two sides of the same coin. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:614-22. [PMID: 25262539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) negatively regulates cellular proliferation and it has been shown that loss-of-function mutations in the imprinted CDKN1C gene (11p15.5) are associated with the overgrowth disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). With recent reports of gain-of-function mutations of the PCNA domain of CDKN1C in growth-retarded patients with IMAGe syndrome or Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), its key role for growth has been confirmed. Thereby, the last gap in the spectrum of molecular alterations in 11p15.5 in growth-retardation and overgrowth syndromes could be closed. Recent functional studies explain the strict association of CDKN1C mutations with clinically opposite phenotypes and thereby contribute to our understanding of the function and regulation of the gene in particular and epigenetic regulation in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Binder
- University Children's Hospital, Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Molekulare Pädiatrie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ohtsuka Y, Higashimoto K, Sasaki K, Jozaki K, Yoshinaga H, Okamoto N, Takama Y, Kubota A, Nakayama M, Yatsuki H, Nishioka K, Joh K, Mukai T, Yoshiura KI, Soejima H. Autosomal recessive cystinuria caused by genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Genet 2014; 88:261-6. [PMID: 25171146 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) cases are caused by mosaic paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (pUPD11). Although pUPD11 is usually limited to the short arm of chromosome 11, a small minority of BWS cases show genome-wide mosaic pUPD (GWpUPD). These patients show variable clinical features depending on mosaic ratio, imprinting status of other chromosomes, and paternally inherited recessive mutations. To date, there have been no reports of a mosaic GWpUPD patient with an autosomal recessive disease caused by a paternally inherited recessive mutation. Here, we describe a patient concurrently showing the clinical features of BWS and autosomal recessive cystinuria. Genetic analyses revealed that the patient has mosaic GWpUPD and an inherited paternal homozygous mutation in SLC7A9. This is the first report indicating that a paternally inherited recessive mutation can cause an autosomal recessive disease in cases of GWpUPD mosaicism. Investigation into recessive mutations and the dysregulation of imprinting domains is critical in understanding precise clinical conditions of patients with mosaic GWpUPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtsuka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Sasaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - K Jozaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - H Yoshinaga
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - N Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Takama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Kubota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Nishioka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Joh
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - T Mukai
- Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - K-i Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|