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Marshall AD, Mackay D, Heath CA. Specialist epilepsy service input following an epilepsy related unscheduled care episode. Seizure 2023; 112:15-17. [PMID: 37722242 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency and unplanned epilepsy-related attendances are associated with an increased risk of subsequent death within 6 months. Although further work is required to provide a definitive explanation to account for these findings, in the interim it would seem reasonable that services are designed to ensure timely access and provide support at a time of greatest risk. We aim to determine the frequency of patients with epilepsy (PWE) accessing specialist neurology services following an epilepsy-related admission/unscheduled care episode. METHODS Patients were included in the cohort if they had at least 1 prescription for an anti-seizure medication and at least one epilepsy-related admission, emergency department attendance, or outpatient neurology clinic attendance between January 2011 and November 2021. We evaluated the rate of any outpatient neurology clinic attendance in the subsequent 6 months following an epilepsy related unscheduled care episode. RESULTS Of the 6,449 PWE included in the cohort, 4,465 were included for analysis. At the end of the follow up period less than 40% were accessing specialist services within 6 months of an episode of admission/ unscheduled care episode. Around a third (31.1%) of deaths occurred within 6 months of an epilepsy-related admission, and in the majority of cases patients were not seen by an epilepsy specialist in the period between discharge and death. The frequency of mental health comorbidity in PWE accessing unscheduled care remains very high with almost 80% having a diagnosis of either depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of PWE are not accessing specialist services in a timely manner following an episode of unscheduled care. Such provision may potentially provide an opportunity to reduce epilepsy related mortality by altering antiseizure medication doses and considering reversible factors associated with poor outcomes in PWE, such as poor medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Marshall
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
| | - D Mackay
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - C A Heath
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Scotland
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Marshall AD, Leach JP, Mackay D, Heath CA. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a cohort of adults with epilepsy. Seizure 2023; 111:191-195. [PMID: 37678077 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with epilepsy in Glasgow. METHODS We used routinely collected data for a previously identified cohort of patients with epilepsy to evaluate access to scheduled and unscheduled care with quarterly rates of inpatient admissions, outpatient attendance and accident & emergency attendance calculated. Anti-seizure medication prescribing and persistence, incidence of anxiety and depression and deaths for a cohort of patients with epilepsy was evaluated prior to the pandemic in comparison to during the pandemic, from 2015 to 2021. RESULTS All-cause mortality and epilepsy related mortality showed a statistically significant reduction during the pandemic. Although overall rates of out-patient hospital attendance dropped during the early stages of the pandemic (and had not returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2021) epilepsy-related services saw maintenance of patient contact as a result of a rapid adoption of telephone clinics. A significant decrease in overall mortality was observed in PWE during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. COVID-19 was the single commonest cause of death in PWE during the pandemic (61/453) and 160 patients (3.7%) had at least 1 admission to hospital for COVID-19. Anti-seizure medication (ASM) prescribing remained rates remained stable during the pandemic. During the pandemic an average of 38.8% of cohort patients were treated for depression and 16.3% for anxiety per quarter, 8.2% and 12.4% of whom had not been previously treated for these conditions respectively. CONCLUSION We have shown that during a national lockdown, in the context of a pandemic, mortality in patients with epilepsy has reduced, while out-patient services were delivered remotely, primarily via the telephone. The reasons for this remain unclear but suggest that some of the excess mortality in people with epilepsy may be potentially avoidable by changes in lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Marshall
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - J P Leach
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - D Mackay
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - C A Heath
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, UK
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Stevely AK, Mackay D, Alava MH, Brennan A, Meier PS, Sasso A, Holmes J. Evaluating the effects of minimum unit pricing in Scotland on the prevalence of harmful drinking: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Public Health 2023; 220:43-49. [PMID: 37263177 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In May 2018, the Scottish Government introduced a minimum unit price (MUP) for alcohol of £0.50 (1 UK unit = 8 g ethanol) to reduce alcohol consumption, particularly among people drinking at harmful levels. This study aimed to evaluate MUP's impact on the prevalence of harmful drinking among adults in Scotland. STUDY DESIGN This was a controlled interrupted monthly time series analysis of repeat cross-sectional data collected via 1-week drinking diaries from adult drinkers in Scotland (N = 38,674) and Northern England (N = 71,687) between January 2009 and February 2020. METHODS The primary outcome was the proportion of drinkers consuming at harmful levels (>50 [men] or >35 [women] units in diary week). The secondary outcomes included the proportion of drinkers consuming at hazardous (≥14-50 [men] or ≥14-35 [women] units) and moderate (<14 units) levels and measures of beverage preferences and drinking patterns. Analyses also examined the prevalence of harmful drinking in key subgroups. RESULTS There was no significant change in the proportion of drinkers consuming at harmful levels (β = +0.6 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.1, +2.3) or moderate levels (β = +1.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval = -1.1, +3.8) after the introduction of MUP. The proportion consuming at hazardous levels fell significantly by 3.5 percentage points (95% CI = -5.4, -1.7). There were no significant changes in other secondary outcomes or in the subgroup analyses after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS Introducing MUP in Scotland was not associated with reductions in the proportion of drinkers consuming at harmful levels but did reduce the prevalence of hazardous drinking. This adds to previous evidence that MUP reduced overall alcohol consumption in Scotland and consumption among those drinking above moderate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Stevely
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK.
| | - D Mackay
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - M H Alava
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - A Brennan
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
| | - P S Meier
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Sasso
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK; European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - J Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK
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Mackay D, Bliek J, Kagami M, Tenorio-Castano J, Pereda A, Brioude F, Netchine I, Papingi D, de Franco E, Lever M, Sillibourne J, Lombardi P, Gaston V, Tauber M, Diene G, Bieth E, Fernandez L, Nevado J, Tümer Z, Riccio A, Maher ER, Beygo J, Tannorella P, Russo S, de Nanclares GP, Temple IK, Ogata T, Lapunzina P, Eggermann T. First step towards a consensus strategy for multi-locus diagnostic testing of imprinting disorders. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:143. [PMID: 36345041 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Imprinting disorders, which affect growth, development, metabolism and neoplasia risk, are caused by genetic or epigenetic changes to genes that are expressed from only one parental allele. Disease may result from changes in coding sequences, copy number changes, uniparental disomy or imprinting defects. Some imprinting disorders are clinically heterogeneous, some are associated with more than one imprinted locus, and some patients have alterations affecting multiple loci. Most imprinting disorders are diagnosed by stepwise analysis of gene dosage and methylation of single loci, but some laboratories assay a panel of loci associated with different imprinting disorders. We looked into the experience of several laboratories using single-locus and/or multi-locus diagnostic testing to explore how different testing strategies affect diagnostic outcomes and whether multi-locus testing has the potential to increase the diagnostic efficiency or reveal unforeseen diagnoses.
Results
We collected data from 11 laboratories in seven countries, involving 16,364 individuals and eight imprinting disorders. Among the 4721 individuals tested for the growth restriction disorder Silver–Russell syndrome, 731 had changes on chromosomes 7 and 11 classically associated with the disorder, but 115 had unexpected diagnoses that involved atypical molecular changes, imprinted loci on chromosomes other than 7 or 11 or multi-locus imprinting disorder. In a similar way, the molecular changes detected in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and other imprinting disorders depended on the testing strategies employed by the different laboratories.
Conclusions
Based on our findings, we discuss how multi-locus testing might optimise diagnosis for patients with classical and less familiar clinical imprinting disorders. Additionally, our compiled data reflect the daily life experiences of diagnostic laboratories, with a lower diagnostic yield than in clinically well-characterised cohorts, and illustrate the need for systematising clinical and molecular data.
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Stanciu I, Siebert S, Mackay D, Lyall D. POS0590 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID FACTOR POSITIVITY AND STRUCTURAL BRAIN PHENOTYPES IN UK BIOBANK. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThere is very limited research on structural brain health in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ObjectivesTo investigate whether there are differences in brain volume in people with self-reported RA or positive rheumatoid factor (RF+).MethodsCross-sectionally tested for associations with several MRI brain volume measures in UK Biobank (n=37,379 of whom 432 RA and 1833 RF+). The partially adjusted regression models controlled for age and sex, while the fully adjusted models further controlled for deprivation index, smoking status and cardiometabolic diseases. For all subcortical volumes analyses we also controlled for total brain volume.ResultsThose that self-reported RA were more likely to have increased WMH (White Matter Hyperintensities) (β= 0.08, 95% CI= 0.022; 0.14, p<0.01), and smaller volumes of the amygdala (β=-0.09, 95% CI= -0.16; -0.02, p<0.01), pallidum (β=-0.07, 95% CI= -0.13; -0.005, p<0.05) and thalamus (β= -0.06, 95% CI= -0.12; -0.01, p<0.05) in the partially adjusted analyses. In the fully adjusted model only amygdala volume remained negatively associated with RA (β=-0.09, 95% CI= -0.16; -0.02, p<0.01).ConclusionWe provide evidence of differences in structural brain phenotypes known to underpin cognitive and psychological health, in RA. Since the amygdala may play an important role in pain modulation and mental health, while WMH are associated with a higher risk of stroke, the observed differences may be of clinical relevance in RA which is associated with a higher prevalence of these conditions. Further research is required to confirm these findings and asses their functional implications.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Eggermann T, Yapici E, Bliek J, Pereda A, Begemann M, Russo S, Tannorella P, Calzari L, de Nanclares GP, Lombardi P, Temple IK, Mackay D, Riccio A, Kagami M, Ogata T, Lapunzina P, Monk D, Maher ER, Tümer Z. Trans-acting genetic variants causing multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID): common mechanisms and consequences. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:41. [PMID: 35296332 PMCID: PMC8928698 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imprinting disorders are a group of congenital diseases which are characterized by molecular alterations affecting differentially methylated regions (DMRs). To date, at least twelve imprinting disorders have been defined with overlapping but variable clinical features including growth and metabolic disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, abdominal wall defects and asymmetry. In general, a single specific DMR is affected in an individual with a given imprinting disorder, but there are a growing number of reports on individuals with so-called multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID), where aberrant imprinting marks (most commonly loss of methylation) occur at multiple DMRs. However, as the literature is fragmented, we reviewed the molecular and clinical data of 55 previously reported or newly identified MLID families with putative pathogenic variants in maternal effect genes (NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, KHDC3L, OOEP, PADI6) and in other candidate genes (ZFP57, ARID4A, ZAR1, UHRF1, ZNF445). RESULTS In 55 families, a total of 68 different candidate pathogenic variants were identified (7 in NLRP2, 16 in NLRP5, 7 in NLRP7, 17 in PADI6, 15 in ZFP57, and a single variant in each of the genes ARID4A, ZAR1, OOEP, UHRF1, KHDC3L and ZNF445). Clinical diagnoses of affected offspring included Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome spectrum, Silver-Russell syndrome spectrum, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, or they were suspected for an imprinting disorder (undiagnosed). Some families had recurrent pregnancy loss. CONCLUSIONS Genomic maternal effect and foetal variants causing MLID allow insights into the mechanisms behind the imprinting cycle of life, and the spatial and temporal function of the different factors involved in oocyte maturation and early development. Further basic research together with identification of new MLID families will enable a better understanding of the link between the different reproductive issues such as recurrent miscarriages and preeclampsia in maternal effect variant carriers/families and aneuploidy and the MLID observed in the offsprings. The current knowledge can already be employed in reproductive and genetic counselling in specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Elzem Yapici
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jet Bliek
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arrate Pereda
- grid.468902.10000 0004 1773 0974Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava Spain
| | - Matthias Begemann
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia Russo
- grid.418224.90000 0004 1757 9530Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierpaola Tannorella
- grid.418224.90000 0004 1757 9530Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- grid.418224.90000 0004 1757 9530Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- grid.468902.10000 0004 1773 0974Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava Spain
| | - Paola Lombardi
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I. Karen Temple
- grid.123047.30000000103590315Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.430506.40000 0004 0465 4079Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Deborah Mackay
- grid.430506.40000 0004 0465 4079Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrea Riccio
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy ,grid.419869.b0000 0004 1758 2860Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati–Traverso’ CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Masayo Kagami
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Ohkura, Setagayaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- grid.413553.50000 0004 1772 534XDepartment of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan ,grid.505613.40000 0000 8937 6696Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- grid.81821.320000 0000 8970 9163CIBERER-ISCIII and INGEMM, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain ,ERN-Ithaca, European Reference Networks, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Monk
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eamonn R. Maher
- grid.24029.3d0000 0004 0383 8386Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK ,grid.24029.3d0000 0004 0383 8386Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- grid.475435.4Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stanciu I, Siebert S, Mackay D, Lyall D. OP0215 MENTAL HEALTH, SLEEP AND COGNITION CHARACTERISTICS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH RHEUMATOID FACTOR STATUS IN THE UK BIOBANK. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:There are significant gaps in the literature regarding sleep, mental health, and cognition for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite being important aspects of patients’ overall quality of life. Similarly, there is a lack of understanding about the role of rheumatoid factor (RF) on these domains.Objectives:The aim of the current study was to characterize mental health, cognition, and sleep variables in people with RA and to compare these associations in people with positive RF (RF+) and negative RF (RF-) in a large population cohort.Methods:This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the UK Biobank cohort (n= 502,506) to compare people with and without RA and people that are RF+ versus RF- on a variety of sociodemographic, lifestyle, illness-related factors and depression, neuroticism, performance on cognitive tests and sleep-related factors. Logistic regression analyses were also performed to determine whether RF seropositivity was associated with mental health, cognition, and sleep variables. We adjusted for the covariates of age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation index, smoking status, BMI and alcohol intake.Results:In this sample 5,907 people self-reported having RA (1.17%), of which 74% were RF- and 26% were RF+. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between people with and without RA for depression, neuroticism, nap during the day, getting up in the morning, insomnia, reaction time, fluid intelligence and prospective memory. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between RF+ and RF- people for depression, neuroticism, sleep duration, nap during the day, getting up in the morning, insomnia, and reaction time. In the unadjusted regression analyses neuroticism (B=-0.06, SE= 0.01, p < 0.001), sleep duration (B=0.02, SE= 0.005, p < 0.001), nap during the day (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.02-1.65, p < 0.05) and reaction time (B=4.55, SE=0.53, p< 0.001) were significantly associated with RF status. After adjusting for covariates, only sleep duration (B=0.01, SE=0.005, p< 0.01) remained significant.Conclusion:The current study suggests that RA diagnosis and RF status are associated with differences in mental health, sleep, and cognition, highlighting the importance of addressing these aspects in clinical settings and future research.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Rydzewska E, Fleming M, Mackay D, Young-Southward G, Blacher J, Bolourian Y, Widaman K, Cooper SA. General health status in young people with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome in, and transitioning from, special education: findings from the National Longitudinal Transitions Study-2. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:895-907. [PMID: 33047429 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been little prior investigation of the general health of young people with intellectual disabilities across transition, nor separately for youth with intellectual disabilities with or without Down syndrome, despite general health being a strong predictor of subsequent health service use, hospital admissions and mortality in the general population. We aimed to investigate general health status in youth with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome over the transitional period and quantify the extent to which personal characteristics, parental relationship and household income are associated with general health status. METHODS The National Longitudinal Transitions Study-2 includes a nationally representative sample of youth receiving special education services aged 13-17 years at wave 1, followed up over 10 years in five waves of data collection. Data on general health status of youth with intellectual disabilities with and without Down syndrome were obtained from parent reports. We summarised overall demographics and general health status and plotted general health status for those who had health data available for all five waves. We then used random-effects ordered logistic regression to investigate whether wave of data collection, age, sex, Down syndrome, ethnicity, parental relationship status and household income are associated with general health status. RESULTS At wave 1, data on intellectual disabilities were available on 9008/9576 (94.1%) young people, and 871/9008 (9.7%) of them had intellectual disabilities, of whom 125/871 (14.4%) had Down syndrome. Youth with intellectual disabilities with or without Down syndrome had low rates of excellent or very good health. Across waves 1-5, there was a shallow gradient in the proportion of youth with intellectual disabilities reporting excellent/very good health, from 57.7% at 13-17 years to 52.6% at 21-25 years, being more marked for those without Down syndrome (57.8% at 13-17 years to 51.8% at 21-25 years). However, contrary to our expectations, an ordinal measure of general health status did not decline over this transitional period and did not differ between youth with and without Down syndrome. There was a gradient with higher income associated with better health, significantly so over $50 001 (odds ratio = 0.559, 95% confidence interval 0.366-0.854). Poorer health was experienced by youth with Hispanic, Latino or Spanish ethnicity (odds ratio = 1.790, 95% confidence interval 1.051-3.048). Female sex and parental relationship status were not associated with health status. CONCLUSIONS Young people with intellectual disabilities have bad health, and require support across all ages, including transition. Schools, teachers and staff in transitional services should consider health, and health care and support during transitional planning due to change in service provision and be aware of ethnicity and the stressful effects of low household income. This is important as interventions based on provision of greater support can prevent adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rydzewska
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Fleming
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Mackay
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Young-Southward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Blacher
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Y Bolourian
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - K Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - S-A Cooper
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Elbracht M, Mackay D, Begemann M, Kagan KO, Eggermann T. Disturbed genomic imprinting and its relevance for human reproduction: causes and clinical consequences. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:197-213. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Human reproductive issues affecting fetal and maternal health are caused by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors, of which the latter undoubtedly include genetic changes. Pathogenic variants in either maternal or offspring DNA are associated with effects on the offspring including clinical disorders and nonviable outcomes. Conversely, both fetal and maternal factors can affect maternal health during pregnancy. Recently, it has become evident that mammalian reproduction is influenced by genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon that regulates the expression of genes according to their parent from whom they are inherited. About 1% of human genes are normally expressed from only the maternally or paternally inherited gene copy. Since numerous imprinted genes are involved in (embryonic) growth and development, disturbance of their balanced expression can adversely affect these processes.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
This review summarises current our understanding of genomic imprinting in relation to human ontogenesis and pregnancy and its relevance for reproductive medicine.
SEARCH METHODS
Literature databases (Pubmed, Medline) were thoroughly searched for the role of imprinting in human reproductive failure. In particular, the terms ‘multilocus imprinting disturbances, SCMC, NLRP/NALP, imprinting and reproduction’ were used in various combinations.
OUTCOMES
A range of molecular changes to specific groups of imprinted genes are associated with imprinting disorders, i.e. syndromes with recognisable clinical features including distinctive prenatal features. Whereas the majority of affected individuals exhibit alterations at single imprinted loci, some have multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID) with less predictable clinical features. Imprinting disturbances are also seen in some nonviable pregnancy outcomes, such as (recurrent) hydatidiform moles, which can therefore be regarded as a severe form of imprinting disorders. There is growing evidence that MLID can be caused by variants in the maternal genome altering the imprinting status of the oocyte and the embryo, i.e. maternal effect mutations. Pregnancies of women carrying maternal affect mutations can have different courses, ranging from miscarriages to birth of children with clinical features of various imprinting disorders.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Increasing understanding of imprinting disturbances and their clinical consequences have significant impacts on diagnostics, counselling and management in the context of human reproduction. Defining criteria for identifying pregnancies complicated by imprinting disorders facilitates early diagnosis and personalised management of both the mother and offspring. Identifying the molecular lesions underlying imprinting disturbances (e.g. maternal effect mutations) allows targeted counselling of the family and focused medical care in further pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Oliver Kagan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Boycott KM, Hartley T, Biesecker LG, Gibbs RA, Innes AM, Riess O, Belmont J, Dunwoodie SL, Jojic N, Lassmann T, Mackay D, Temple IK, Visel A, Baynam G. A Diagnosis for All Rare Genetic Diseases: The Horizon and the Next Frontiers. Cell 2020; 177:32-37. [PMID: 30901545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of exome sequencing in the clinic has sparked tremendous optimism for the future of rare disease diagnosis, and there is exciting opportunity to further leverage these advances. To provide diagnostic clarity to all of these patients, however, there is a critical need for the field to develop and implement strategies to understand the mechanisms underlying all rare diseases and translate these to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John Belmont
- Illumina, Madison, WI, USA; Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Timo Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA; DOE Joint Genome Institute, CA, USA; The University of California at Merced, CA, USA
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia; Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Office of Population Health Genomics, Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Whelan MJ, Kim J, Suganuma N, Mackay D. Uncertainty and equifinality in environmental modelling of organic pollutants with specific focus on cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2019; 21:1085-1098. [PMID: 31165835 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multi-media fate and transport models (MFTMs) are invaluable tools in understanding and predicting the likely behaviour of organic pollutants in the environment. However, some parameters describing the properties of both the environmental system and the chemical pollutant under consideration are uncertain and or variable in space and time. Furthermore, model performance is often evaluated using sparse data sets on chemical concentrations in different media. This can result in equifinality - the phenomenon in which several different combinations of model parameters can result in similar predictions of environmental concentrations. We explore this idea for MFTMs for the first time using, as examples, three cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS: D4, D5 and D6) and the QWASI lake model applied to Tokyo Bay. Monte Carlo simulation was employed with parameters selected from probability distributions representing estimated uncertainty in a large number of iterations. This generated distributions of predicted chemical concentrations in water (CW) and sediment (CS) which represent the aleatory uncertainty envelope but which also demonstrate significant equifinality. For all three compounds, the uncertainty implied in the CW was lower (coefficient of variation, CV, of the order of 20%) than for CS (CV ca. 45%), reflecting the propensity of cVMS compounds to sorb to sediment and the sensitivity of the model to KOC. Confidence intervals were particularly high for the persistence of D5 and D6 in sediment which both ranged between approximately 1.7 years and approximately 26 years for Tokyo Bay. Predicted concentration distributions matched observations well for D5 and D6 not for D4. Equifinality could be reduced by better constraining acceptable parameter sets using additional measured data from different environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Whelan
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - J Kim
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA
| | | | - D Mackay
- Centre for Environmental Modelling and Chemistry, Trent University, Canada
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12
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Hayes JF, Khandaker GM, Anderson J, Mackay D, Zammit S, Lewis G, Smith DJ, Osborn DPJ. Childhood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and atopic disorders as risk factors for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:984-986. [PMID: 28091342 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Hayes JF, Khandaker GM, Anderson J, Mackay D, Zammit S, Lewis G, Smith DJ, Osborn DPJ. Childhood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and atopic disorders as risk factors for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:23-33. [PMID: 27476619 PMCID: PMC5197925 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no existing longitudinal studies of inflammatory markers and atopic disorders in childhood and risk of hypomanic symptoms in adulthood. This study examined if childhood: (1) serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP); and (2) asthma and/or eczema are associated with features of hypomania in young adulthood. METHOD Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective general population UK birth cohort, had non-fasting blood samples for IL-6 and CRP measurement at the age of 9 years (n = 4645), and parents answered a question about doctor-diagnosed atopic illness before the age of 10 years (n = 7809). These participants completed the Hypomania Checklist at age 22 years (n = 3361). RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status, past psychological and behavioural problems, body mass index and maternal postnatal depression, participants in the top third of IL-6 values at 9 years, compared with the bottom third, had an increased risk of hypomanic symptoms by age 22 years [adjusted odds ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.85, p < 0.001]. Higher IL-6 levels in childhood were associated with adult hypomania features in a dose-response fashion. After further adjustment for depression at the age of 18 years this association remained (adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.03-2.81, p = 0.038). There was no evidence of an association of hypomanic symptoms with CRP levels, asthma or eczema in childhood. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of systemic inflammatory marker IL-6 in childhood were associated with hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood, suggesting that inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of mania. Inflammatory pathways may be suitable targets for the prevention and intervention for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. M. Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Anderson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D. Mackay
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. Zammit
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G. Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
| | - D. J. Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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14
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Sanchez-Delgado M, Riccio A, Eggermann T, Maher ER, Lapunzina P, Mackay D, Monk D. Causes and Consequences of Multi-Locus Imprinting Disturbances in Humans. Trends Genet 2016; 32:444-455. [PMID: 27235113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eight syndromes are associated with the loss of methylation at specific imprinted loci. There has been increasing evidence that these methylation defects in patients are not isolated events occurring at a given disease-associated locus but that some of these patients may have multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID) affecting additional imprinted regions. With the recent advances in technology, methylation profiling has revealed that imprinted loci represent only a small fraction of the methylation differences observed between the gametes. To figure out how imprinting anomalies occur at multiple imprinted domains, we have to understand the interplay between DNA methylation and histone modifications in the process of selective imprint protection during pre-implantation reprogramming, which, if disrupted, leads to these complex imprinting disorders (IDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sanchez-Delgado
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, Centro deInvestigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Kubota T, Mizuta T, Katagiri H, Shimaguchi M, Okumura K, Sakamoto T, Sakata T, Kunisaki S, Matsumoto R, Nishida K, Schaprynsky V, Vorovsky O, Romanchuk V, Basta M, Fischer J, Wink J, Kovach S, Tan WB, Tang SW, Clara ES, Hu J, Wijerathne S, Cheah WK, Shabbir A, Lomanto D, Siawash M, de Jager-Kieviet JWA, Tjon A Ten W, Roumen RM, Scheltinga MR, van Assen T, Boelens OB, van Eerten PV, Perquin C, DeAsis F, Salabat M, Leung D, Schindler N, Robicsek A, Denham W, Ujiki M, Bauder A, Mackay D, Maggiori L, Moszkowicz D, Zappa M, Mongin C, Panis Y, Köhler G, Hofmann A, Lechner M, Mayer F, Emmanuel K, Fortelny R, Gruber-Blum S, May C, Glaser K, Redl H, Petter-Puchner A, Narang S, Alam N, Campain N, McGrath J, Daniels IR, Smart NJ. Complex Cases in Abdominal Wall Repair and Prophilactic Mesh. Hernia 2015; 19 Suppl 1:S133-7. [PMID: 26518790 DOI: 10.1007/bf03355340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kubota
- Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - T Mizuta
- Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - H Katagiri
- Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | | | - K Okumura
- Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - T Sakamoto
- Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - T Sakata
- Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | - S Kunisaki
- Tokyo Bay Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
| | | | - K Nishida
- Yokosuka Uwamachi Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - V Schaprynsky
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University Vinnitsa, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
| | - O Vorovsky
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University Vinnitsa, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
| | - V Romanchuk
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University Vinnitsa, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
| | - M Basta
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Fischer
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA.,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Wink
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S Kovach
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA.,Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - W B Tan
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S W Tang
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Sta Clara
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Hu
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Wijerathne
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W K Cheah
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Shabbir
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Lomanto
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center - Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Siawash
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - W Tjon A Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - R M Roumen
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Abdominal Wall and Groin Pain, SolviMáx, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M R Scheltinga
- Department of Surgery, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Abdominal Wall and Groin Pain, SolviMáx, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - T van Assen
- Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - O B Boelens
- Maasziekenhuis Pantein, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - P V van Eerten
- Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Abdominal Wall and Groin Pain, SolviMáx, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - C Perquin
- Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Abdominal Wall and Groin Pain, SolviMáx, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - F DeAsis
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, USA
| | - M Salabat
- Department of Surgery, University Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - D Leung
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, USA
| | - N Schindler
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, USA.,Department of Surgery, University Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - A Robicsek
- Department of Clinical Analytics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, USA.,Department of Surgery, University Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - W Denham
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, USA.,Department of Surgery, University Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - M Ujiki
- Department of Surgery, University Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - A Bauder
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D Mackay
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - L Maggiori
- Colorectal Surgery, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - D Moszkowicz
- Colorectal Surgery, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - M Zappa
- Radiology, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - C Mongin
- Colorectal Surgery, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Y Panis
- Colorectal Surgery, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - G Köhler
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sisters of Charity Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - A Hofmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Lechner
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Mayer
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - K Emmanuel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Sisters of Charity Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - R Fortelny
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Gruber-Blum
- Cluster of Tissue engeneering, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - C May
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Glaser
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Redl
- Cluster of Tissue engeneering, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Petter-Puchner
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S Narang
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit (HeSRU), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - N Alam
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit (HeSRU), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - N Campain
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit (HeSRU), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - J McGrath
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit (HeSRU), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - I R Daniels
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit (HeSRU), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - N J Smart
- Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit (HeSRU), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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Lu L, Johnman C, McGlynn L, Mackay D, Shiels P, Pell J. Association between Telomere Length, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Lu L, Mackay D, Pell J. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Intermittent Claudication: A Scotland-Wide Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Robinson M, Geue C, Lewsey J, Mackay D, McCartney G, Curnock E, Beeston C. Evaluating the Impact of a Multi-Buy Discount Ban on Off-Trade Alcohol Sales: A Natural Experiment in Scotland. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Soellner L, Monk D, Rezwan FI, Begemann M, Mackay D, Eggermann T. Congenital imprinting disorders: Application of multilocus and high throughput methods to decipher new pathomechanisms and improve their management. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:282-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Eggermann T, Netchine I, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay D, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Maher ER. Congenital imprinting disorders: EUCID.net - a network to decipher their aetiology and to improve the diagnostic and clinical care. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:23. [PMID: 25784961 PMCID: PMC4362648 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (IDs) are a group of eight rare but probably underdiagnosed congenital diseases affecting growth, development and metabolism. They are caused by similar molecular changes affecting regulation, dosage or the genomic sequence of imprinted genes. Each ID is characterised by specific clinical features, and, as each appeared to be associated with specific imprinting defects, they have been widely regarded as separate entities. However, they share clinical characteristics and can show overlapping molecular alterations. Nevertheless, IDs are usually studied separately despite their common underlying (epi)genetic aetiologies, and their basic pathogenesis and long-term clinical consequences remain largely unknown. Efforts to elucidate the aetiology of IDs are currently fragmented across Europe, and standardisation of diagnostic and clinical management is lacking. The new consortium EUCID.net (European network of congenital imprinting disorders) now aims to promote better clinical care and scientific investigation of imprinting disorders by establishing a concerted multidisciplinary alliance of clinicians, researchers, patients and families. By encompassing all IDs and establishing a wide ranging and collaborative network, EUCID.net brings together a wide variety of expertise and interests to engender new collaborations and initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074 Germany ; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Irène Netchine
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France ; UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universites, Paris, F-75012 France ; Pediatric Endocrinology, 3APHP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, 75012 France
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 5YA UK
| | - Karin Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, 2600 Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy ; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276 Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY UK
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Robinson M, Geue C, Lewsey J, Mackay D, McCartney G, Curnock E, Beeston C. Evaluating the impact of a multi-buy discount ban on off-trade alcohol sales: a natural experiment in Scotland, 2009-2012. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku163.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Mackay D, Bens S, Perez de Nanclares G, Siebert R, Temple IK. Clinical utility gene card for: Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus, 6q24-related. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:ejhg201427. [PMID: 24569603 PMCID: PMC4135418 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mackay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury Health Care Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schwanenweg 24, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schwanenweg 24, Kiel, Germany
| | - I Karen Temple
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
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23
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Gross CL, Mackay D. Two decades of demography reveals that seed and seedling transitions limit population persistence in a translocated shrub. Ann Bot 2014; 114:85-96. [PMID: 24844983 PMCID: PMC4071100 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Olearia flocktoniae is an endangered shrub that was passively translocated from its natural ecosystem, where it has since gone extinct. This study aimed to determine sensitivities vital to populations persisting in human-created areas. METHODS Population colonization, longevity and extinction were investigated over 20 years using 133 populations. Seed-bank longevity was determined from germination trials of seeds exhumed from extinct and extant sites via a 10-year glasshouse trial and by in situ sowing experiments. From 27 populations, 98 cohorts were followed and matrix models of transitions from seeds to adults were used to evaluate the intrinsic rate of population growth against disturbance histories. Ten populations (38 cohorts) with different disturbance histories were used to evaluate sensitivities in vital rates. KEY RESULTS Most populations had few individuals (∼30) and were transient (<5 years above ground). The intrinsic population growth rate was rarely >1 and all but two populations were extinct at year 20. Seeds were short-lived in situ. Although >1000 seeds per plant were produced annually in most populations, sensitivity analysis showed that the transition to the seed bank and the transition from the seed bank to seedlings are key vulnerabilities in the life-cycle. CONCLUSIONS Seedling establishment is promoted by recent disturbance. Increasing the number of disturbance events in populations, even severe disturbances that almost extirpate populations, significantly increases longer-term population persistence. Only populations that were disturbed annually survived the full 20 years of the study. The results show that translocated populations of O. flocktoniae will fail to persist without active management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Gross
- Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - D Mackay
- Ecosystem Management, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Mackay D, Arnot JA, Celsie A, Orazietti A, Parnis JM. QSARs for aquatic toxicity: celebrating, extending and displaying the pioneering contributions of Ferguson, Konemann and Veith. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2014; 25:343-355. [PMID: 24762009 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.900521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances were made in the development of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) relating molecular structure to aquatic toxicity by three studies over 30 years ago by Ferguson in 1939, Konemann in 1981, and Veith and colleagues in 1983. We revisit the original concepts and data from these studies and review these contributions from the bases of current perspectives on the hypothesized mechanism of baseline narcotic toxicity and the underlying thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. The relationships between LC50, octanol-water partition coefficient, aqueous solubility, chemical activity and chemical volume fraction in lipid phases are outlined including kinetic influences on measured toxicities. These relationships provide a compelling and plausible explanation of the success of these and other QSARs for aquatic toxicity. Suggestions are made for further advances in these QSARs to improve assessments of toxicity by baseline narcotic toxicity and selective modes of action, especially using emerging quantum chemical computational capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mackay
- a Department of Environmental and Resource Studies Trent University , Peterborough , ON , Canada
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Grave K, Torren-Edo J, Muller A, Greko C, Moulin G, Mackay D, Fuchs K, Laurier L, Iliev D, Pokludova L, Genakritis M, Jacobsen E, Kurvits K, Kivilahti-Mantyla K, Wallmann J, Kovacs J, Lenharthsson JM, Beechinor JG, Perrella A, Mi ule G, Zymantaite U, Meijering A, Prokopiak D, Ponte MH, Svetlin A, Hederova J, Madero CM, Girma K, Eckford S. Variations in the sales and sales patterns of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 25 European countries. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2284-91. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gizewska M, Wilk M, Patalan M, Mackay D, Peregud-Pegorzelski J, Gawrych E, Walczak M, Petriczko E, Brodkiewicz A. The significance of molecular studies in the long-term follow-up of children with beckwith- wiedemann syndrome. Turk J Pediatr 2014; 56:177-182. [PMID: 24911853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital disorder of imprinting caused by epimutations and mutations affecting two imprinted loci on chromosome 11p15. Its clinical features are heterogeneous, including macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycemia, and increased risk of embryonal tumors such as Wilms tumor, adrenocortical carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and neuroblastoma. The molecular and clinical heterogeneity of BWS makes the diagnosis challenging, but essential, since different etiologies of BWS have different clinical prognoses - most crucially, patients with gain of maternal methylation at imprinting control region type 1 (ICR1) are at significant risk of Wilms tumor or hepatoblastoma. We present three cases of BWS with different symptomatology and two different molecular diagnoses. The authors emphasize the importance of molecular studies in the long-term follow-up of children with BWS, including refinement of phenotype-genotype correlation and its connection with optimal management and tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gizewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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McCarty LS, Arnot JA, Mackay D. Evaluation of critical body residue data for acute narcosis in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013; 32:2301-2314. [PMID: 23720389 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Residue Effects Database was evaluated to identify critical body residues of organic chemicals causing acute baseline neutral narcosis in aquatic organisms. Over 15 000 records for >400 chemicals were evaluated. Mean molar critical body residues in the final data set of 161 records for 29 chemicals were within published ranges but varied within and among chemicals and species (~3 orders of magnitude), and lipid normalization did not consistently decrease variability. All 29 chemicals can act as baseline neutral narcotics, but chemicals and/or their metabolites may also act by nonnarcotic modes of action. Specifically, nonnarcotic toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or their biotransformation derivatives may be a significant source of variability. Complete testing of the narcosis-critical body residue hypothesis was confounded by data gaps for key toxicity modifying factors such as metabolite formation/toxicity, lipid content/composition, other modes of toxic action, and lack of steady-state status. Such problems impede determination of the precise, accurate toxicity estimates necessary for sound toxicological comparisons. Thus, neither the data nor the chemicals in the final data set should be considered definitive. Changes to testing designs and methods are necessary to improve data collection and critical body residue interpretation for hazard and risk assessment. Each of the toxicity metrics discussed-wet weight and lipid weight critical body residues, volume fraction in organism lipid, and chemical activity-has advantages, but all are subject to the same toxicity modifying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S McCarty
- LS McCarty Scientific Research & Consulting, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada.
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Eggermann T, Algar E, Lapunzina P, Mackay D, Maher ER, Mannens M, Netchine I, Prawitt D, Riccio A, Temple IK, Weksberg R. Clinical utility gene card for: Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:ejhg2013132. [PMID: 23820480 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Algar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Australia
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Mackay
- Department of Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury Health Care Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge Clinical School, Addenbrooke's Hospital Treatment Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irène Netchine
- Hôpital Trousseau, INSERM U938, UPMC, Paris 6, Explorations fonctionnelles endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - ABT, Napoli, Italy
| | - I Karen Temple
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Paediatrics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Razmara A, Mackay D, Galetta SL, Prasad S. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Periodic alternating nystagmus evident only in darkness. Neurology 2013; 80:e32. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827f07ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hinch GN, Hoad J, Lollback M, Hatcher S, Marchant R, Colvin A, Scott JM, Mackay D. Livestock weights in response to three whole-farmlet management systems. Anim Prod Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/an12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports changes in livestock weights recorded in a whole-farmlet experiment, which aimed to examine the profitability and sustainability of three different pasture and grazing management strategies. The assessment of liveweights was considered a key component of measuring the integrated effects of the farmlet-scale treatments. The three farmlets comprised a typical management regime, which employed flexible rotational grazing over eight paddocks with moderate soil fertility (farmlet B), a system based on the same grazing management and paddock number but with higher levels of sown pasture and soil fertility (farmlet A) and a farmlet with moderate soil fertility and intensive rotational grazing over 37 paddocks (farmlet C). Early in the experimental period, there were no significant differences between farmlets in the liveweight of any class of livestock. However, from the second year onwards, as the pasture renovation, soil fertility and grazing management treatments took effect, differences in liveweight between farmlets became more apparent and significant. The stocking rate, which was treated as an emergent property of each farmlet, reached a maximum annual average value after 5 years of 12.6, 8.5 and 7.7 dry sheep equivalents (dse)/ha on farmlets A, B and C representing 84, 113 and 51% of their respective target stocking rates which were 15, 7.5 and 15 dse/ha. The liveweights of ewes, both before joining and during pregnancy, varied with year and farmlet with those on farmlets A and B tending to be significantly heavier than those on farmlet C. From 2003 to 2006, liveweights were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by a wide array of factors and their interactions including: date, ewe age, green digestible herbage, legume herbage mass, proportion of farmlet grazed, stocking rate and level of supplementary feeding. The weights of lambs/weaners/hoggets, both pre- and post-weaning, were at times also higher on farmlets A and B compared with those on farmlet C and were affected by a similar range of factors to those which affected ewe weights. Similar relative differences also applied to the liveweights of the other livestock run on the farmlets, namely wethers and non-reproductive cattle. The results suggest that stocking rate was able to be increased towards the higher target of farmlet A due to the higher level of pasture renovation and soil fertility on that farmlet, which led to high liveweights per head as well as the higher stocking rate. However, as the stocking rate increased on farmlet A, the differences between farmlets in liveweight per head diminished and the need for supplementary feeding increased. In contrast, the intensive rotational grazing practised on farmlet C did not allow the farmlet to increase its stocking rate towards its higher target. It appears that the higher proportion of each of farmlets A and B grazed at any one time allowed all classes of livestock to reach higher liveweights per head than on farmlet C, due presumably to the greater proportion of those two farmlets grazed at any one time.
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Grave K, Greko C, Kvaale MK, Torren-Edo J, Mackay D, Muller A, Moulin G. Sales of veterinary antibacterial agents in nine European countries during 2005-09: trends and patterns. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:3001-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Auger M, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Beauchamp E, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Cook S, Daniels T, Danilov M, Davis CG, Delaquis S, deVoe R, Dobi A, Dolinski MJ, Dolgolenko A, Dunford M, Fairbank W, Farine J, Feldmeier W, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Hall C, Hall K, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Hughes M, Johnson A, Johnson TN, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Montero Díez M, Müller AR, Neilson R, Nelson R, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Sabourov A, Sinclair D, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Tolba T, Tosi D, Twelker K, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Waite A, Walton T, Weber M, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Wright JD, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY. Search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 136Xe with EXO-200. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:032505. [PMID: 22861843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.032505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 136Xe with EXO-200. No signal is observed for an exposure of 32.5 kg yr, with a background of ∼1.5×10(-3) kg(-1) yr(-1) keV(-1) in the ±1σ region of interest. This sets a lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless double-beta decay T(1/2)(0νββ)(136Xe)>1.6×10(25) yr (90% C.L.), corresponding to effective Majorana masses of less than 140-380 meV, depending on the matrix element calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Auger
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Søvik O, Aagenaes O, Eide SÅ, Mackay D, Temple IK, Molven A, Njølstad PR. Familial occurrence of neonatal diabetes with duplications in chromosome 6q24: treatment with sulfonylurea and 40-yr follow-up. Pediatr Diabetes 2012; 13:155-62. [PMID: 21518169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a Norwegian family, followed since 1967, with a chromosome 6q24 duplication in two siblings with neonatal diabetes, in their non-diabetic father, and in a female (third generation) with adult-onset diabetes. The parents (first generation) were healthy and non-consanguineous. After a miscarriage, the couple had two infants with birth weights of 1780 and 1620 g, respectively, both of whom died on their second day of life. Patient I (male, weight 1840 g at term) had a blood glucose level of 33 mmol/L on day 6. He was treated with insulin for 3 months. In adult life he had permanent diabetes, treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. At 43 yr of age, there were no diabetic late complications. Patient II (female, birth weight 1440 g at term) had an increasing blood glucose of 55 mmol/L on day 13. She received insulin treatment for 12.5 months. Subsequently, she was successfully treated with sulfonylurea (tolbutamide) for 10 yr. At 11 yr of age, insulin was again considered necessary. At 40 yr of age, no diabetic late complications were detected. Patient III had a birth weight of 2630 g at term and no diabetic symptoms as a neonate. She had insulin-requiring diabetes from age 19. We conclude that (i) neonatal diabetes with chromosome 6q24 duplications may become a permanent disease in adult life; (ii) this chromosome anomaly may also be associated with adult-onset diabetes; (iii) sulfonylurea treatment may be attempted, and (iv) late diabetic complications may be absent, even after more than 40 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddmund Søvik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Ackerman N, Aharmim B, Auger M, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Beauchamp E, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Conti E, Cook J, Cook S, Coppens A, Counts I, Craddock W, Daniels T, Danilov MV, Davis CG, Davis J, deVoe R, Djurcic Z, Dobi A, Dolgolenko AG, Dolinski MJ, Donato K, Dunford M, Fairbank W, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Freytag D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Green MP, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Haller G, Hargrove C, Herbst R, Herrin S, Hodgson J, Hughes M, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Kuchenkov A, Kumar A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, LePort F, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Martin Y, Mong B, Díez MM, Morgan P, Müller AR, Neilson R, Nelson R, Odian A, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rivas A, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Russell JJ, Sabourov A, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Tosi D, Twelker K, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Waite A, Waldman S, Walton T, Wamba K, Weber M, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Wright JD, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY. Observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in 136Xe with the EXO-200 detector. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:212501. [PMID: 22181874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.212501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in (136)Xe with T(1/2) = 2.11 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.21(syst) × 10(21) yr. This second-order process, predicted by the standard model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for (136)Xe. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrinoless double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ackerman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA
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Tate R, Mackay D, Broome G. A prospective study of limited palmar and digital fasciectomy under local anaesthetic wrist block and upper arm tourniquet. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2011; 36:811-2. [PMID: 21816893 DOI: 10.1177/1753193411415341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tate
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, Cumbria, UK
| | - D. Mackay
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, Cumbria, UK
| | - G. Broome
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, Cumbria, UK
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Abstract
The nose is the central feature that defines one's face. Acquired nasal defects arise from a variety of pathologic and traumatic etiologies and reconstructive surgeons may be called upon to restore form and function when the nose has been altered in some way. Nasal reconstruction is one of the most challenging and rewarding procedures performed by the plastic surgeon. A detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the nose - the lining, support and cover - is essential in designing the reconstructive effort. Surgical planning involves, first, identifying the extent of the acquired defect, followed by the application of an intricate knowledge of the tissues that will provide a functional and aesthetically pleasing yet durable reconstruction. In this article, the reader will find a description of the clinically important anatomic features of the nose as they relate to various reconstructive procedures aimed at restoring nasal appearance and maintaining airway patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Michelotti
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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LePort F, Neilson R, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Counts I, Davis J, deVoe R, Dolinski MJ, Gratta G, Green M, Montero Díez M, Müller AR, O'Sullivan K, Rivas A, Twelker K, Aharmim B, Auger M, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Cook J, Cook S, Craddock W, Daniels T, Dixit M, Dobi A, Donato K, Fairbank W, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Green C, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Hallman D, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Hughes M, Hodgson J, Juget F, Kaufman LJ, Karelin A, Ku J, Kuchenkov A, Kumar K, Leonard DS, Lutter G, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Morgan P, Odian A, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Schmoll B, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Yang L, Yen YR. A magnetically driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:105114. [PMID: 22047336 DOI: 10.1063/1.3653391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon time projection chamber of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute of xenon gas with 750 Torr differential pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F LePort
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Boonen SE, Hahnemann JMD, Mackay D, Tommerup N, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Tümer Z, Grønskov K. No evidence for pathogenic variants or maternal effect of ZFP57 as the cause of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 20:119-21. [PMID: 21863059 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome, which, in 50-60% of sporadic cases, is caused by hypomethylation of KCNQ1OT1 differentially methylated region (DMR) at chromosome 11p15.5. The underlying defect of this hypomethylation is largely unknown. Recently, recessive mutations of the ZFP57 gene were reported in patients with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus type 1, showing hypomethylation at multiple imprinted loci, including KCNQ1OT1 DMR in some. The aim of our study was to determine whether ZFP57 alterations were a genetic cause of the hypomethylation at KCNQ1OT1 DMR in patients with BWS. We sequenced ZFP57 in 27 BWS probands and in 23 available mothers to test for a maternal effect. We identified three novel, presumably benign sequence variants in ZFP57; thus, we found no evidence for ZFP57 alterations as a major cause in sporadic BWS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne E Boonen
- Center for Applied Human Molecular Genetics, The Kennedy Center, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Sinclair D, Rollin E, Smith J, Mommers A, Ackeran N, Aharmin B, Auger M, Barbeau PS, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cook S, Coppens A, Daniels T, DeVoe R, Dobi A, Dolinski MJ, Donato K, Fairbank W, Farine J, Giroux G, Gornea G, Graham K, Gratta G, Green M, Hagemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Hallman D, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Kaufman LK, Leonard DS, LePort F, Mackay D, MacLennan R, Mong B, Díez MM, Müller AR, Neilson R, Niner E, Odian A, O'Sullivan K, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rowson PC, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Twelker K, Voskanian N, Vuilleumier JL, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Yang L, Yen YR. Prospects for Barium Tagging in Gaseous Xenon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/309/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mackay D, Haw S, Pell J. O6-4.6 Impact of Scottish smoke-free legislation on use of nicotine replacement therapy and adult smoking prevalence. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976b.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Montero Díez M, Twelker K, Fairbank W, Gratta G, Barbeau PS, Barry K, DeVoe R, Dolinski MJ, Green M, LePort F, Müller AR, Neilson R, O'Sullivan K, Ackerman N, Aharmin B, Auger M, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cook S, Daniels T, Donato K, Farine J, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Hagemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Hallman D, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Kuchenkov A, Kumar K, Lacey J, Leonard DS, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Mong B, Niner E, Odian A, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Sinclair D, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Vuilleumier JL, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Yang L, Yen YR. A simple radionuclide-driven single-ion source. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:113301. [PMID: 21133463 DOI: 10.1063/1.3499505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a source capable of producing single barium ions through nuclear recoils in radioactive decay. The source is fabricated by electroplating (148)Gd onto a silicon α-particle detector and vapor depositing a layer of BaF(2) over it. (144)Sm recoils from the alpha decay of (148)Gd are used to dislodge Ba(+) ions from the BaF(2) layer and emit them in the surrounding environment. The simultaneous detection of an α particle in the substrate detector allows for tagging of the nuclear decay and of the Ba(+) emission. The source is simple, durable, and can be manipulated and used in different environments. We discuss the fabrication process, which can be easily adapted to emit most other chemical species, and the performance of the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montero Díez
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Grave K, Torren-Edo J, Mackay D. Comparison of the sales of veterinary antibacterial agents between 10 European countries. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2037-40. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mackay D, Arnot JA, Petkova EP, Wallace KB, Call DJ, Brooke LT, Veith GD. The physicochemical basis of QSARs for baseline toxicity. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2009; 20:393-414. [PMID: 19544198 DOI: 10.1080/10629360902949153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The physico-chemical properties relevant to the equilibrium partitioning (bioconcentration) of chemicals between organisms and their respired media of water and air are reviewed and illustrated for chemicals that range in hydrophobicity. Relationships are then explored between freely dissolved external concentrations such as LC50s and chemical properties for one important toxicity mechanism, namely baseline toxicity or narcosis. The 'activity hypothesis' proposed by Ferguson in 1939 provides a coherent and compelling explanation for baseline toxicity of chemicals in both water- and air-respiring organisms, as well as a reference point for identifying more specific toxicity pathways. From inhalation studies with fish and rodents, narcosis is shown to occur at a chemical activity exceeding approximately 0.01 and there is no evidence of narcosis at activities less than 0.001. The activity hypothesis provides a framework for directly comparing the toxic potency of chemicals in both air- and water-breathing animals. The activity hypothesis is shown to be consistent with the critical body residue concept, but it has the advantage of avoiding the confounding effect of lipid content of the test organism. It also provides a theoretically sound basis for assessing the baseline toxicity of mixtures. It is suggested that since activity is readily calculated from fugacity, observed or predicted environmental abiotic and biotic fugacities can be used to evaluate the potential for baseline toxicity. Further, models employing fugacity or activity can be used to improve the experimental design of bioassays, thus possibly reducing unnecessary animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mackay
- Centre for Environmental Modelling and Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
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Martin-Subero JI, Bibikova M, Mackay D, Wickham-Garcia E, Sellami N, Richter J, Santer R, Caliebe A, Fan JB, Temple IK, Siebert R. Microarray-based DNA methylation analysis of imprinted loci in a patient with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:3227-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Rweyemamu M, Roeder P, Mackay D, Sumption K, Brownlie J, Leforban Y, Valarcher JF, Knowles NJ, Saraiva V. Epidemiological Patterns of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Worldwide. Transbound Emerg Dis 2008; 55:57-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2007.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mutch JR, Mackay D. THE DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MELANOPHORE EXPANDING SUBSTANCE IN URINE AND BLOOD WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 27:434-49. [PMID: 18169957 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.27.10.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gouin T, Thomas GO, Chaemfa C, Harner T, Mackay D, Jones KC. Concentrations of decabromodiphenyl ether in air from Southern Ontario: implications for particle-bound transport. Chemosphere 2006; 64:256-61. [PMID: 16527328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric concentrations are reported for the main component of the brominated flame retardant decaBDE (BDE-209) in air samples collected from Southern Ontario for the period January 23-June 06, 2002. Levels ranged from below detection to 105pgm(-3) with virtually all of BDE-209 being trapped by the filter and thus deduced to be sorbed to aerosol particles. Thus, it is likely that the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of BDE-209 is controlled by the transport characteristics of the aerosols. This conclusion that BDE-209 does not have the same potential for LRAT as other more volatile PBDEs is subject to possible complications arising from the uncertainties about the LRAT potential of aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gouin
- Canadian Environmental Modeling Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ont., Canada
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Gouin T, Harner T, Blanchard P, Mackay D. Passive and active air samplers as complementary methods for investigating persistent organic pollutants in the Great Lakes Basin. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39:9115-22. [PMID: 16382932 DOI: 10.1021/es051397f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Data obtained using passive air samplers (PAS) are compared to active high-volume air sampling data in order to assess the feasibility of the PAS as a method, complementary to active high-volume air sampling (AAS), for monitoring levels of organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. PAS were deployed at 15 of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN) sites on a quarterly basis between July 2002 and June 2003, and PAS and AAS results are compared. Levels for the OC pesticides are typically highest in agricultural areas, with endosulfan I dominating air concentrations with values ranging between 40 and 1090 pg x m(-3), dieldrin values between 15 and 165 pg x m(-3), and gamma-HCH values between 13 and 100 pg x m(-3). alpha-HCH was seen to be relatively uniform across the Great Lakes Basin with values ranging between 15 and 73 pg x m(-3). Large urban centers, such as Chicago and Toronto, have the highest levels of PCBs and PBDEs that range between 400 and 1200 pg x m(-3) and 10 and 70 pg x m(-3), respectively. Comparison of the AAS and the PAS data collected during this study shows good agreement, within a factor of 2 or 3, suggesting that the two sample methods produce comparable results. It is suggested that PAS networks, while providing data that are different in nature from AAS, can provide a cost-effective and complementary approach for monitoring the spatial and temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gouin
- Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
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