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Chen J, Li SS, Fang SM, Zhang Z, Yu QY. Olfactory dysfunction and potential mechanisms caused by volatile organophosphate dichlorvos in the silkworm as a model animal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127940. [PMID: 34896704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile pesticides impair olfactory function in workers/farmers and insects, but data on molecular responses and mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aims to reveal the mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in the silkworm after exposure to volatile dichlorvos. Our results demonstrated that acute exposure for 12 h significantly reduced electroantennogram responses, and over 62.50% of the treated male moths cannot locate the pheromone source. Transcriptional and proteomic responses of the antennae and heads were investigated. A total of 101 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the antennae, 138 DEGs in the heads, and 43 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the heads including antennae were revealed. We discovered that upregulations of Arrestin1 and nitric oxide synthase1 (NOS1) may inhibit cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and hinder calcium influx in the antennae. In the central nervous systems (CNS), downregulations of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) may inhibit olfactory signal transduction by reducing the second messenger biosynthesis. Meanwhile, an abnormal increase of brain cell apoptosis was revealed by Annexin V-mCherry staining, often leading to persistent neurologic impairment. Taken together, this study highlighted olfactory dysfunction caused by dichlorvos, which may provide a novel perspective for understanding the toxicity mechanism of volatile pesticides in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shu-Shang Li
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shou-Min Fang
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Quan-You Yu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Abstract
Trace amines are endogenous compounds classically regarded as comprising β-phenylethyalmine, p-tyramine, tryptamine, p-octopamine, and some of their metabolites. They are also abundant in common foodstuffs and can be produced and degraded by the constitutive microbiota. The ability to use trace amines has arisen at least twice during evolution, with distinct receptor families present in invertebrates and vertebrates. The term "trace amine" was coined to reflect the low tissue levels in mammals; however, invertebrates have relatively high levels where they function like mammalian adrenergic systems, involved in "fight-or-flight" responses. Vertebrates express a family of receptors termed trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Humans possess six functional isoforms (TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, and TAAR9), whereas some fish species express over 100. With the exception of TAAR1, TAARs are expressed in olfactory epithelium neurons, where they detect diverse ethological signals including predators, spoiled food, migratory cues, and pheromones. Outside the olfactory system, TAAR1 is the most thoroughly studied and has both central and peripheral roles. In the brain, TAAR1 acts as a rheostat of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission and has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. In the periphery, TAAR1 regulates nutrient-induced hormone secretion, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. TAAR1 may also regulate immune responses by regulating leukocyte differentiation and activation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of the evolution, physiologic functions, pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of trace amines and their receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Marius C Hoener
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Mark D Berry
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
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Improving Soluble Expression of Tyrosine Decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis for Tyramine Synthesis with High Total Turnover Number. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:436-449. [PMID: 30520007 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The soluble expression of tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) in heterologous host is often challenging. Here, acidic condition was found to be favorable for improving the soluble expression of TDC from Lactobacillus brevis in Escherichia coli, while addition of carbohydrates (such as glucose, arabinose, and fructose) was vital for decreasing the insoluble fraction. By simple pH control and addition of glucose, the specific activity of TDC in crude extract was enhanced to 46.3 U mg-1, 3.67-fold of that produced from LB medium. Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed that Tween-80 was effective in improving the tyramine production catalyzed by TDC, especially at high tyrosine loadings. As much as 400 mM tyrosine could be completely converted into tyramine with a substrate to catalyst ratio of 29.0 g g-1 and total turnover number of 23,300. This study provides efficient strategies for the highly soluble expression of TDC and biocatalytic production of tyramine.
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Zhukovskaya MI, Polyanovsky AD. Biogenic Amines in Insect Antennae. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:45. [PMID: 28701930 PMCID: PMC5487433 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect antenna is a multisensory organ, each modality of which can be modulated by biogenic amines. Octopamine (OA) and its metabolic precursor tyramine (TA) affect activity of antennal olfactory receptor neurons. There is some evidence that dopamine (DA) modulates gustatory neurons. Serotonin can serve as a neurotransmitter in some afferent mechanosensory neurons and both as a neurotransmitter and neurohormone in efferent fibers targeted at the antennal vessel and mechanosensory organs. As a neurohormone, serotonin affects the generation of the transepithelial potential by sensillar accessory cells. Other possible targets of biogenic amines in insect antennae are hygro- and thermosensory neurons and epithelial cells. We suggest that the insect antenna is partially autonomous in the sense that biologically active substances entering its hemolymph may exert their effects and be cleared from this compartment without affecting other body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna I Zhukovskaya
- Laboratory of Evolution of Sense Organs, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, Russian Academy of SciencesSaint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey D Polyanovsky
- Laboratory of Evolution of Sense Organs, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, Russian Academy of SciencesSaint Petersburg, Russia
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Crystal structure of tyrosine decarboxylase and identification of key residues involved in conformational swing and substrate binding. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27779. [PMID: 27292129 PMCID: PMC4904194 DOI: 10.1038/srep27779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) is a pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme and is mainly responsible for the synthesis of tyramine, an important biogenic amine. In this study, the crystal structures of the apo and holo forms of Lactobacillus brevis TDC (LbTDC) were determined. The LbTDC displays only 25% sequence identity with the only reported TDC structure. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conformationally flexible sites and catalytic center was performed to investigate the potential catalytic mechanism. It was found that H241 in the active site plays an important role in PLP binding because it has different conformations in the apo and holo structures of LbTDC. After binding to PLP, H241 rotated to the position adjacent to the PLP pyridine ring. Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed several crucial regions that determine the substrate specificity and catalytic activity. Among the mutants, the S586A variant displayed increased catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity, which is attributed to decreased steric hindrance and increased hydrophobicity, as verified by the saturation mutagenesis at S586. Our results provide structural information about the residues important for the protein engineering of TDC to improve catalytic efficiency in the green manufacturing of tyramine.
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Ishida Y, Tsuchiya W, Fujii T, Fujimoto Z, Miyazawa M, Ishibashi J, Matsuyama S, Ishikawa Y, Yamazaki T. Niemann-Pick type C2 protein mediating chemical communication in the worker ant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3847-52. [PMID: 24567405 PMCID: PMC3956204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323928111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ants are eusocial insects that are found in most regions of the world. Within its caste, worker ants are responsible for various tasks that are required for colony maintenance. In their chemical communication, α-helical carrier proteins, odorant-binding proteins, and chemosensory proteins, which accumulate in the sensillum lymph in the antennae, play essential roles in transferring hydrophobic semiochemicals to chemosensory receptors. It has been hypothesized that semiochemicals are recognized by α-helical carrier proteins. The number of these proteins, however, is not sufficient to interact with a large number of semiochemicals estimated from chemosensory receptor genes. Here we shed light on this conundrum by identifying a Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) protein from the antenna of the worker Japanese carpenter ant, Camponotus japonicus (CjapNPC2). CjapNPC2 accumulated in the sensillum cavity in the basiconic sensillum. The ligand-binding pocket of CjapNPC2 was composed of a flexible β-structure that allowed it to bind to a wide range of potential semiochemicals. Some of the semiochemicals elicited electrophysiolgical responses in the worker antenna. In vertebrates, NPC2 acts as an essential carrier protein for cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes to other cellular organelles. However, the ants have evolved an NPC2 with a malleable ligand-binding pocket as a moderately selective carrier protein in the sensillum cavity of the basiconic sensillum. CjapNPC2 might be able to deliver various hydrophobic semiochemicals to chemosensory receptor neurons and plays crucial roles in chemical communication required to perform the worker ant tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ishida
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Wataru Tsuchiya
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyazawa
- Insect Mimetics Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; and
| | - Jun Ishibashi
- Insect Mimetics Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; and
| | - Shigeru Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamazaki
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Tyrosine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis: Soluble expression and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 94:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nishimura A, Ishida Y, Takahashi A, Okamoto H, Sakabe M, Itoh M, Takano-Shimizu T, Ozaki M. Starvation-Induced Elevation of Taste Responsiveness and Expression of a Sugar Taste Receptor Gene inDrosophila melanogaster. J Neurogenet 2012; 26:206-15. [DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2012.694931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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