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Steck M, Hanscom SJ, Iwanicki T, Sung JY, Outomuro D, Morehouse NI, Porter ML. Secondary not subordinate: Opsin localization suggests possibility for color sensitivity in salticid secondary eyes. Vision Res 2024; 217:108367. [PMID: 38428375 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The principal eyes of jumping spiders (Salticidae) integrate a dual-lens system, a tiered retinal matrix with multiple photoreceptor classes and muscular control of retinal movements to form high resolution images, extract color information, and dynamically evaluate visual scenes. While much work has been done to characterize these more complex principal anterior eyes, little work has investigated the three other pairs of simpler secondary eyes: the anterior lateral eye pair and two posterior (lateral and median) pairs of eyes. We investigated the opsin protein component of visual pigments in the eyes of three species of salticid using transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry. Based on characterization and localization of a set of three conserved opsins (Rh1 - green sensitive, Rh2 - blue sensitive, and Rh3 - ultraviolet sensitive) we have identified potential photoreceptors for blue light detection in the eyes of two out of three species: Menemerus bivittatus (Chrysillini) and Habrocestum africanum (Hasarinii). Additionally, the photoreceptor diversity of the secondary eyes exhibits more variation than previous estimates, particularly for the small, posterior median eyes previously considered vestigial in some species. In all three species investigated the lateral eyes were dominated by green-sensitive visual pigments (RH1 opsins), while the posterior median retinas were dominated by opsins forming short-wavelength sensitive visual pigments (e.g. RH2 and/or RH3/RH4). There was also variation among secondary eye types and among species in the distribution of opsins in retinal photoreceptors, particularly for the putatively blue-sensitive visual pigment formed from RH2. Our findings suggest secondary eyes have the potential for color vision, with observed differences between species likely associated with different ecologies and visual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Iwanicki
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu HI 96822 USA; The Earth Commons Institute, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057 USA
| | | | - David Outomuro
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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Waltert M. The 2023 Arnold Berliner Award for research on spider photoreceptors. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2023; 110:39. [PMID: 37530900 PMCID: PMC10397112 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Waltert
- Department of Conservation Biology, University of Göttingen, Bürgerstrasse 50, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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Rao D, Long SM, Tapia-McClung H, Salgado-Espinosa K, Narendra A, Aguilar-Arguello S, Robledo-Ospina L, Rodriguez-Morales D, Jakob EM. Visual signals in the wing display of a tephritid fly deter jumping spider attacks. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:286139. [PMID: 36478243 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visual animal communication, whether to the same or to other species, is largely conducted through dynamic and colourful signals. For a signal to be effective, the signaller must capture and retain the attention of the receiver. Signal efficacy is also dependent on the sensory limitations of the receiver. However, most signalling studies consider movement and colour separately, resulting in a partial understanding of the signal in question. We explored the structure and function of predator-prey signalling in the jumping spider-tephritid fly system, where the prey performs a wing waving display that deters an attack from the predator. Using a custom-built spider retinal tracker combined with visual modelling, as well as behavioural assays, we studied the effect of fly wing movement and colour on the jumping spider's visual system. We show that jumping spiders track their prey less effectively during wing display and this can be attributed to a series of fluctuations in chromatic and achromatic contrasts arising from the wing movements. These results suggest that displaying flies deter spider attacks by manipulating the movement biases of the spider's visual system. Our results emphasise the importance of receiver attention on the evolution of interspecific communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rao
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Skye M Long
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Horacio Tapia-McClung
- Instituto de Investigacion en Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Veracruzana, 91097 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kevin Salgado-Espinosa
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Ajay Narendra
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Luis Robledo-Ospina
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Dulce Rodriguez-Morales
- Instituto de Biotecnologia y Ecologia Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.,Instituo de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth M Jakob
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Tedore C, Tedore K, Westcott D, Suttner C, Nilsson DE. The role of detectability in the evolution of avian-dispersed fruit color. Vision Res 2022; 196:108046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Taylor LA, Cross FR, Jackson RR. Blood-red colour as a prey choice cue for mosquito specialist predators. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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