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Sridevi Gurubaran I. Mitochondrial damage and clearance in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:374. [PMID: 38415914 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Iswariyaraja Sridevi Gurubaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland
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2
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Huang H, Zeng J, Kuang X, He F, Yan J, Li B, Liu W, Shen H. Transcriptional patterns of human retinal pigment epithelial cells under protracted high glucose. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:477. [PMID: 38573426 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for retinal homeostasis. Comprehensively exploring the transcriptional patterns of diabetic human RPE promotes the understanding of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 4125 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out from the human primary RPE cells subjected to prolonged high glucose (HG). The subsequent bioinformatics analysis is divided into 3 steps. In Step 1, 21 genes were revealed by intersecting the enriched genes from the KEGG, WIKI, and Reactome databases. In Step 2, WGCNA was applied and intersected with the DEGs. Further intersection based on the enrichments with the GO biological processes, GO cellular components, and GO molecular functions databases screened out 12 candidate genes. In Step 3, 13 genes were found to be simultaneously up-regulated in the DEGs and a GEO dataset involving human diabetic retinal tissues. VEGFA and ERN1 were the 2 starred genes finally screened out by overlapping the 3 Steps. CONCLUSION In this study, multiple genes were identified as crucial in the pathological process of RPE under protracted HG, providing potential candidates for future researches on DR. The current study highlights the importance of RPE in DR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 116 South Changjiang Road, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jingshu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xielan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Biobank of Eye, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Fan He
- Amass Ophthalmology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jianjun Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 116 South Changjiang Road, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 116 South Changjiang Road, Zhuzhou, 412000, China.
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Biobank of Eye, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Schott RK, Fujita MK, Streicher JW, Gower DJ, Thomas KN, Loew ER, Bamba Kaya AG, Bittencourt-Silva GB, Guillherme Becker C, Cisneros-Heredia D, Clulow S, Davila M, Firneno TJ, Haddad CFB, Janssenswillen S, Labisko J, Maddock ST, Mahony M, Martins RA, Michaels CJ, Mitchell NJ, Portik DM, Prates I, Roelants K, Roelke C, Tobi E, Woolfolk M, Bell RC. Diversity and Evolution of Frog Visual Opsins: Spectral Tuning and Adaptation to Distinct Light Environments. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae049. [PMID: 38573520 PMCID: PMC10994157 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual systems adapt to different light environments through several avenues including optical changes to the eye and neurological changes in how light signals are processed and interpreted. Spectral sensitivity can evolve via changes to visual pigments housed in the retinal photoreceptors through gene duplication and loss, differential and coexpression, and sequence evolution. Frogs provide an excellent, yet understudied, system for visual evolution research due to their diversity of ecologies (including biphasic aquatic-terrestrial life cycles) that we hypothesize imposed different selective pressures leading to adaptive evolution of the visual system, notably the opsins that encode the protein component of the visual pigments responsible for the first step in visual perception. Here, we analyze the diversity and evolution of visual opsin genes from 93 new eye transcriptomes plus published data for a combined dataset spanning 122 frog species and 34 families. We find that most species express the four visual opsins previously identified in frogs but show evidence for gene loss in two lineages. Further, we present evidence of positive selection in three opsins and shifts in selective pressures associated with differences in habitat and life history, but not activity pattern. We identify substantial novel variation in the visual opsins and, using microspectrophotometry, find highly variable spectral sensitivities, expanding known ranges for all frog visual pigments. Mutations at spectral-tuning sites only partially account for this variation, suggesting that frogs have used tuning pathways that are unique among vertebrates. These results support the hypothesis of adaptive evolution in photoreceptor physiology across the frog tree of life in response to varying environmental and ecological factors and further our growing understanding of vertebrate visual evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Schott
- Department of Biology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew K Fujita
- Department of Biology, Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kate N Thomas
- Department of Biology, Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
- Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Ellis R Loew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - C Guillherme Becker
- Department of Biology and One Health Microbiome Center, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Diego Cisneros-Heredia
- Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Simon Clulow
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Mateo Davila
- Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Thomas J Firneno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Department of Biodiversity and Center of Aquaculture—CAUNESP, I.B., São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sunita Janssenswillen
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jim Labisko
- Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Simon T Maddock
- Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Renato A Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação da Fauna, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Nicola J Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel M Portik
- Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Prates
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kim Roelants
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corey Roelke
- Department of Biology, Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Elie Tobi
- Gabon Biodiversity Program, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Gamba, Gabon
| | - Maya Woolfolk
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rayna C Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Casalino G, Viola F. Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis is not a diagnostic myth. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1224-1225. [PMID: 37968513 PMCID: PMC11009255 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Casalino
- Ophthalmology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy.
| | - Francesco Viola
- Ophthalmology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
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Baqué-Vidal L, Main H, Petrus-Reurer S, Lederer AR, Beri NE, Bär F, Metzger H, Zhao C, Efstathopoulos P, Saietz S, Wrona A, Jaberi E, Willenbrock H, Reilly H, Hedenskog M, Moussaud-Lamodière E, Kvanta A, Villaescusa JC, La Manno G, Lanner F. Clinically compliant cryopreservation of differentiated retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:340-350. [PMID: 38349309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in elderly patients within developed countries, affecting more than 190 million worldwide. In AMD, the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer progressively degenerates, resulting in subsequent loss of photoreceptors and ultimately vision. There is currently no cure for AMD, but therapeutic strategies targeting the complement system are being developed to slow the progression of the disease. METHODS Replacement therapy with pluripotent stem cell-derived (hPSC) RPEs is an alternative treatment strategy. A cell therapy product must be produced in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices at a sufficient scale to facilitate extensive pre-clinical and clinical testing. Cryopreservation of the final cell product is therefore highly beneficial, as the manufacturing, pre-clinical and clinical testing can be separated in time and location. RESULTS We found that mature hPSC-RPE cells do not survive conventional cryopreservation techniques. However, replating the cells 2-5 days before cryopreservation facilitates freezing. The replated and cryopreserved hPSC-RPE cells maintained their identity, purity and functionality as characteristic RPEs, shown by cobblestone morphology, pigmentation, transcriptional profile, RPE markers, transepithelial resistance and pigment epithelium-derived factor secretion. Finally, we showed that the optimal replating time window can be tracked noninvasively by following the change in cobblestone morphology. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of cryopreserving the hPSC-RPE product has been instrumental in our efforts in manufacturing and performing pre-clinical testing with the aim for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baqué-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Main
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex R Lederer
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Systems Biology, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nefeli-Eirini Beri
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frederik Bär
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Metzger
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah Saietz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elham Jaberi
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Hazel Reilly
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Hedenskog
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Moussaud-Lamodière
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gioele La Manno
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopmental Systems Biology, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Steck M, Hanscom SJ, Iwanicki T, Sung JY, Outomuro D, Morehouse NI, Porter ML. Secondary not subordinate: Opsin localization suggests possibility for color sensitivity in salticid secondary eyes. Vision Res 2024; 217:108367. [PMID: 38428375 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The principal eyes of jumping spiders (Salticidae) integrate a dual-lens system, a tiered retinal matrix with multiple photoreceptor classes and muscular control of retinal movements to form high resolution images, extract color information, and dynamically evaluate visual scenes. While much work has been done to characterize these more complex principal anterior eyes, little work has investigated the three other pairs of simpler secondary eyes: the anterior lateral eye pair and two posterior (lateral and median) pairs of eyes. We investigated the opsin protein component of visual pigments in the eyes of three species of salticid using transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry. Based on characterization and localization of a set of three conserved opsins (Rh1 - green sensitive, Rh2 - blue sensitive, and Rh3 - ultraviolet sensitive) we have identified potential photoreceptors for blue light detection in the eyes of two out of three species: Menemerus bivittatus (Chrysillini) and Habrocestum africanum (Hasarinii). Additionally, the photoreceptor diversity of the secondary eyes exhibits more variation than previous estimates, particularly for the small, posterior median eyes previously considered vestigial in some species. In all three species investigated the lateral eyes were dominated by green-sensitive visual pigments (RH1 opsins), while the posterior median retinas were dominated by opsins forming short-wavelength sensitive visual pigments (e.g. RH2 and/or RH3/RH4). There was also variation among secondary eye types and among species in the distribution of opsins in retinal photoreceptors, particularly for the putatively blue-sensitive visual pigment formed from RH2. Our findings suggest secondary eyes have the potential for color vision, with observed differences between species likely associated with different ecologies and visual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Iwanicki
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu HI 96822 USA; The Earth Commons Institute, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057 USA
| | | | - David Outomuro
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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Liu Z, Huang J, Li D, Zhang C, Wan H, Zeng B, Tan Y, Zhong F, Liao H, Liu M, Chen ZS, Zou C, Liu D, Qin B. Targeting ZIP8 mediated ferroptosis as a novel strategy to protect against the retinal pigment epithelial degeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:42-53. [PMID: 38309537 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we identified that ZIP8, a metal-ion transporter, plays a crucial role in the degeneration of RPE cells mediated by ferroptosis. ZIP8 was found to be upregulated in patients with AMD through transcriptome analysis. Upregulated ZIP8 was also observed in both oxidative-stressed RPE cells and AMD mouse model. Importantly, knockdown of ZIP8 significantly inhibited ferroptosis in RPE cells induced by sodium iodate-induced oxidative stress. Blocking ZIP8 with specific antibodies reversed RPE degeneration and restored retinal function, improving visual loss in a mouse model of NaIO3-induced. Interestingly, the modification of the N-glycosylation sites N40, N72 and N88, but not N273, was essential for the intracellular iron accumulation mediated by ZIP8, which further led to increased lipid peroxidation and RPE death. These findings highlight the critical role of ZIP8 in RPE ferroptosis and provide a potential target for the treatment of diseases associated with retinal degeneration, including AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Liu
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianguo Huang
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deshuang Li
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanhe Zhang
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Wan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Zeng
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuhua Zhong
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxia Liao
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - MuYun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Foundational Technologies for CGT Industry, Shenzhen Kenuo Medical Laboratory, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bo Qin
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Kowalik-Jagodzińska M, Czajor K, Turno-Kręcicka A. Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis during treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38429692 PMCID: PMC10908168 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE) is a rare, idiopathic and self-limiting disease. The article aims to present ARPE in a patient using D2 dopamine receptor agonists for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. CASE PRESENTATION A 28-year-old female during hyperprolactinaemia treatment suffered from a dyschromatopsia and a central visual field defect in the left eye. She noticed a deterioration of vision and discontinued the cabergoline administration. The woman had not been diagnosed with other chronic conditions and exhibited no symptoms of infection. Upon admission, the patient was subjected to a test for COVID-19, which was negative. The ophthalmological examination revealed a decrease in visual acuity to distance in the left eye, which amounted to 18/20 on the Snellen chart. A central scotoma was noted on the Amsler chart and a loss of pigment epithelium was visible on the fundus of the left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed a discrete window defect in the left one, with no signs of leakage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of the maculae revealed a characteristic change in the photoreceptor layer and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the fovea in the left eye. The electrophysiological tests revealed decreased function of cells in macular region. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and orbits demonstrated an asymmetric pituitary gland without chiasm compression and discrete signal enhancement from the left optic nerve. The patient underwent observation during hospitalisation. She reported improved colour vision and a decreased scotoma in the centre of her visual field. In regular outpatient follow-ups, successive improvements in visual acuity, as well as a decreased RPE damage and outer photoreceptor layer loss during an OCT test were observed. CONCLUSIONS A case of ARPE is reported in a patient taking medications for hyperprolactinemia. The role of dopamine receptor antagonists in the photoreceptor function and causation of ARPE needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kowalik-Jagodzińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Teaching Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Czajor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Teaching Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Turno-Kręcicka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Teaching Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sangani P, Temple S, Bhandary S, Narayanan R, Johnson E, Das AV, Ali MH, Takkar B. Macular Pigment Assessment in Indian Population Using Degree of Polarization Threshold: Impact of Diet on Macular Pigment Density. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:20. [PMID: 38517446 PMCID: PMC10981160 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine macular pigment (MP) density scores in healthy Indians and examine correlations with demographic and lifestyle variables. Methods We observed 484 Indians without an ocular pathology. Body mass index (BMI) and self-reported lifestyle factors (sunglasses usage, physical activity, and smoking) were noted. MP density was assessed as the threshold of perception of the shadow of their macular pigments on their retina using a new MP assessment tool (MP-eye). Lutein and zeaxanthin intake was assessed using a prevalidated questionnaire regionally designed for the Indian diet. Clusters of participants were created for statistical analysis based on MP-eye scores secondarily to detect any relevant effects in very low, low, medium, and high ranges of MPs. Results Data analyzed included 235 males and 249 females with mean age of 36.1 ± 12.9 years (range, 14-72). The median MP-eye score was 6 (range, 0-10, with 10 being high). Most were non-smokers (413, 85.3%) and did not use sunglasses (438, 90.5%), and 314 (64.9%) had low physical activity. Diabetes was present in 62 participants (12.8%) and hypertension in 53 (10.9%). Advancing age (r = -0.209; P < 0.000) and BMI (r = -0.094; P = 0.038) had weak negative correlation with MP-eye scores. Hypertension was less prevalent (7/88) in the cluster with the highest median MP-eye score (P = 0.033). Dietary intake of MPs and other lifestyle factors did not correlate significantly with MP-eye score overall or when analyzed in clusters. Conclusions MP-eye scores of an Indian population were normally distributed. Higher age, high BMI, and presence of hypertension were weakly associated with lower MP-eye scores. The impact of diet on MPs requires further evaluation. Translational Relevance This normative regional database enables risk stratification of macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Sangani
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shelby Temple
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Azul Optics, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shashank Bhandary
- Suven Clinical Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Md Hasnat Ali
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Computational Biostatistics and Data Science, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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10
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Kasikci M, Sen S. Resveratrol and quercetin protect from Benzo(a)pyrene-induced autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:12. [PMID: 38319442 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the role of Resveratrol (RES) and quercetin (QR) treatments against Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)p)-induced autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS The IC50 doses of B(a)p, RES and QR in retinal pigment epithelial cells were determined by MTT assay and the relevant agents were administered singly or in combinations to ARPE-19 cells for 24 h. Occurrence of autophagy in the cells was verified by detection of autophagosomes using fluorescence microscope. Also, the mRNA expression levels of LC3 and Beclin 1 genes were analyzed by RT-PCR to collect further data on autophagy. Caspase-3 and IL-1β levels in lysed cells were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Autophagosomes were detected in B(a)p-treated ARPE-19 cell lines, as well as a 1.787-fold increase in LC3 mRNA expression levels. No autophagosome occurred in RES and QR treatments, and a significant decrease in their percentage amounts were observed in B(a)p + RES and B(a)p + QR. The mRNA expression levels of LC3 and Beclin 1 also supported these findings. B(a)p had no effect on Caspase-3 levels in ARPE-19 cells, but combined with RES and QR, it increased Caspase-3 levels significantly.IL-1β levels were higher in B(a)p, B(a)p + QR, B(a)p + RES, RES and QR than control group. This rise in IL-1β levels was correlated with suppression of mRNA expression levels of Beclin 1. CONCLUSION B(a)p exposure caused autophagy in ARPE-19 cells, but did not induce apoptosis. RES and QR treatments prevented B(a)p-induced autophagy. Therefore, RES and QR treatments showed protective effect against potential degenerative diseases caused by chronic exposure to B(a)p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasikci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Muğla Training and Research Hospital, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Sen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Ataturk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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11
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Al-Nofal M, Charbel Issa P. Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis, a diagnostic myth? Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:238-239. [PMID: 37532834 PMCID: PMC10810810 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mays Al-Nofal
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Kwon C, Cho W, Choi SW, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Gecili I, Jeong JH, Jung TW. DEL-1: a promising treatment for AMD-associated ER stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:38. [PMID: 38195611 PMCID: PMC10775473 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible eye disease that can cause blurred vision. Regular exercise has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for treating AMD, but how exercise improves AMD is not yet understood. This study investigated the protective effects of developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1), a myokine upregulated during exercise, on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced injury in retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS We evaluated the levels of AMPK phosphorylation, autophagy markers, and ER stress markers in DEL-1-treated human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPE) using Western blotting. We also performed cell viability, caspase 3 activity assays, and autophagosome staining. RESULTS Our findings showed that treatment with recombinant DEL-1 dose-dependently reduced the impairment of cell viability and caspase 3 activity in tunicamycin-treated hRPE cells. DEL-1 treatment also alleviated tunicamycin-induced ER stress markers and VEGF expression. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy markers were increased in hRPE cells in the presence of DEL-1. However, the effects of DEL-1 on ER stress, VEGF expression, and apoptosis in tunicamycin-treated hRPE cells were reduced by AMPK siRNA or 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that DEL-1, a myokine, may have potential as a treatment strategy for AMD by attenuating ER stress-induced injury in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Gecili
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Baddar D, Fayed AE, Tawfik CA, Bassily S, Gergess MM, El-Agha MSH. COVID-19 VACCINE-INDUCED ACUTE EXUDATIVE POLYMORPHOUS VITELLIFORM MACULOPATHY: CASE REPORTS. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:66-70. [PMID: 36731098 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy is a presumed retinal pigment epithelium abnormality that has been reported in patients with neoplasms and under certain classes of drugs. The pathophysiology remains unclear, despite the typical clinical features. PURPOSE To report two cases of acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy occurring after vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine. CASE REPORTS Two adult patients presented with visual disturbance after inoculation with a COVID-19 vaccine. The patients were otherwise healthy and have no family history of retinal dystrophies. Both cases exhibited the following features on multimodal imaging: multifocal hyporeflective lesions involving the macula, elongated photoreceptors, accumulated vitelliform material exhibiting autofluorescence, and lack of fluorescein dye leakage. Evidence of retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction was confirmed by electrooculography. CONCLUSION Two cases of acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy occurring after COVID-19 vaccination were reported. A relationship between the vaccine and the retinal pigment epithelial abnormality development that led to acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy was postulate, possibly through autoantibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus structural surface glycoprotein antigens that cross react with the normal retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Baddar
- Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Fayed
- Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; and
| | - Caroline A Tawfik
- Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed-Sameh H El-Agha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; and
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14
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Farjood F, Manos JD, Wang Y, Williams AL, Zhao C, Borden S, Alam N, Prusky G, Temple S, Stern JH, Boles NC. Identifying biomarkers of heterogeneity and transplantation efficacy in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230913. [PMID: 37728563 PMCID: PMC10510736 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells holds great promise for patients with retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. In-depth characterization of RPE cell product identity and critical quality attributes are needed to enhance efficacy and safety of replacement therapy strategies. Here, we characterized an adult RPE stem cell-derived (RPESC-RPE) cell product using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), assessing functional cell integration in vitro into a mature RPE monolayer and in vivo efficacy by vision rescue in the Royal College of Surgeons rats. scRNA-seq revealed several distinct subpopulations in the RPESC-RPE product, some with progenitor markers. We identified RPE clusters expressing genes associated with in vivo efficacy and increased cell integration capability. Gene expression analysis revealed lncRNA (TREX) as a predictive marker of in vivo efficacy. TREX knockdown decreased cell integration while overexpression increased integration in vitro and improved vision rescue in the RCS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nazia Alam
- Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Glen Prusky
- Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
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15
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Palecanda S, Madrid E, Porter ML. Molecular Evolution of Malacostracan Short Wavelength Sensitive Opsins. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:806-818. [PMID: 37940679 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the molecular mechanisms behind detection of short, and particularly ultraviolet, wavelengths in arthropods have relied heavily on studies from insects due to the relative ease of heterologous expression of modified opsin proteins in model organisms like Drosophila. However, species outside of the Insecta can provide information on mechanisms for spectral tuning as well as the evolutionary history of pancrustacean visual pigments. Here we investigate the basis of spectral tuning in malacostracan short wavelength sensitive (SWS) opsins using phylogenetic comparative methods. Tuning sites that may be responsible for the difference between ultraviolet (UV) and violet visual pigment absorbance in the Malacostraca are identified, and the idea that an amino acid polymorphism at a single site is responsible for this shift is shown to be unlikely. Instead, we suggest that this change in absorbance is accomplished through multiple amino acid substitutions. On the basis of our findings, we conducted further surveys to identify spectral tuning mechanisms in the order Stomatopoda where duplication of UV opsins has occurred. Ancestral state reconstructions of stomatopod opsins from two main clades provide insight into the amino acid changes that lead to differing absorption by the visual pigments they form, and likely contribute the basis for the wide array of UV spectral sensitivities found in this order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara Palecanda
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Madrid
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Megan L Porter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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16
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Bai X, Zhang T, Zhu X, Huang X, Liu H, Ding X, Jiang M, Sun X. Cryopreservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells at the Optimal Stage. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37982520 DOI: 10.3791/65888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are superior cell sources for cell replacement therapy in individuals with retinal degenerative diseases; however, studies on the stable and secure banking of these therapeutic cells are scarce. Highly variable cell viability and functional recovery of RPE cells after cryopreservation are the most commonly encountered issues. In the present protocol, we aimed to achieve the best cell recovery rate after thawing by selecting the optimal cell phase for freezing based on the original experimental conditions. Cells were frozen in the exponential phase determined by using the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine labeling assay, which improved cell viability and recovery rate after thawing. Stable and functional cells were obtained shortly after thawing, independent of a long differentiation process. The methods described here allow the simple, efficient, and inexpensive preservation and thawing of hESC-derived RPE cells. Although this protocol focuses on RPE cells, this freezing strategy may be applied to many other types of differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases
| | - Xianyu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Stem Cell Core Facility, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases;
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases
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17
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Ramtohul P, Marchese A, Introini U, Goldstein DA, Freund KB, Jampol LM, Yannuzzi LA. MULTIZONAL OUTER RETINOPATHY AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY (MORR): A Newly Recognized Entity or an Unusual Variant of AZOOR? Retina 2023; 43:1890-1903. [PMID: 37748093 PMCID: PMC10589432 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe specific clinical, multimodal imaging, and natural history features of an unusual variant of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. METHODS Retrospective, observational, longitudinal, multicenter case series. Patients exhibiting this unusual clinical condition among cases previously diagnosed with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy were included. Multimodal imaging, laboratory evaluations, and genetic testing for inherited retinal diseases were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty eyes from 10 patients (8 females and 2 males) with a mean age of 54.1 ± 13.3 years (range, 38-71 years) were included. The mean follow-up duration was 13.1 ± 5.3 years (range, 8-23 years). Presenting symptoms were bilateral in 7 patients (85% of eyes) and included scotomata and photopsia. All patients had bilateral lesions at presentation involving the peripapillary and far peripheral retina. Baseline optical coherence tomography showed alteration of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor layers corresponding to zonal areas of fundus autofluorescence abnormalities. Centrifugal and centripetal progression of the peripapillary and far-peripheral lesions, respectively, occurred over the follow-up, resulting in areas of complete outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. CONCLUSION Initial alteration of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium and a stereotypical natural course that includes involvement of the far retinal periphery, characterize this unusual condition. It may represent a variant of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy or may be a new entity. We suggest to call it multizonal outer retinopathy and retinal pigment epitheliopathy .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Ugo Introini
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Debra A. Goldstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - K. Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lee M. Jampol
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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18
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Spivey EC, Yin J, Chaum E, Wikswo JP. A Microfluidic Platform for the Time-Resolved Interrogation of Polarized Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 38010283 PMCID: PMC10683772 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.11.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cells grown in milliliter volume devices have difficulty measuring low-abundance secreted factors due to low resulting concentrations. Using microfluidic devices increases concentration; however, the constrained geometry makes phenotypic characterization with transepithelial electrical resistance more difficult and less reliable. Our device resolves this problem. Methods We designed and built a novel microfluidic "Puck" assembly using laser-cut pieces from preformed sheets of silicone and commercial off-the-shelf parts. Transwell membranes containing polarized retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were reversibly sealed within the Puck and used to study polarized protein secretion. Protein secretion from the apical and basal surfaces in response to hypoxic conditions was quantified using an immunoassay method. Computational fluid modeling was performed on the chamber design. Results Under hypoxic culture conditions (7% O2), basal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by polarized RPE cells increased significantly from 1.40 to 1.68 ng/mL over the first 2 hours (P < 0.0013) and remained stably elevated through 4 hours. Conversely, VEGF secretion from the apical side remained constant under the same hypoxic conditions. Conclusions The Puck can be used to measure spatiotemporal protein secretion by polarized cells into apical and basal microniches in response to environmental conditions. Computational model results support the absence of biologically significant shear stress to the cells caused by the device. Translational Relevance The Puck can be used validate the mature phenotypic health of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived RPE cells prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Spivey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jinggang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward Chaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John P. Wikswo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Malek G. Location of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in the Eye Is Critical to Their Function. Am J Pathol 2023; 193:1691-1693. [PMID: 37160188 PMCID: PMC10616708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goldis Malek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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20
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Jain S, Wienold J, Eandi C, Gisselbaek S, Kawasaki A, Andersen M. Influence of macular pigment on the sensitivity to discomfort glare from daylight. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18551. [PMID: 37899478 PMCID: PMC10613614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that influence the human perception of glare is necessary to properly address glare risks in buildings and achieve comfortable visual environments, especially in the workplace. Yet large inter-individual variabilities in glare perception remain unexplained and thus uncovered by the current empirical glare models. We hypothesize that this variability has an origin in the human retina, in particular in the density of macular pigments present in its central area, which varies between individuals. Macular pigments are known to absorb blue light and attenuate chromatic aberration, thus reducing light scatter. This study presents the outcomes of the first experiment ever conducted in a daylit office environment, in which glare sensitivity and macular pigment density were measured and compared for 110 young healthy individuals, along with other ocular parameters. The participants were exposed to different glare conditions induced by the sun filtered through either color-neutral or blue-colored glazing. In neutral daylight conditions with sun disc in the near periphery, neither macular pigment nor any other investigated ocular factors have an impact on discomfort glare perception whereas glare perception in conditions with the blue-colored sun disc in the near periphery was found to be correlated with macular pigment optical density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Jain
- Laboratory of Integrated Performance in Design (LIPID), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Wienold
- Laboratory of Integrated Performance in Design (LIPID), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Eandi
- Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Aki Kawasaki
- Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marilyne Andersen
- Laboratory of Integrated Performance in Design (LIPID), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Sen S, Kasikci M. Low-dose rosmarinic acid and thymoquinone accelerate wound healing in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3811-3821. [PMID: 37407754 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thymoquinone (TQ) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are two biologically active compounds found in plants and that possess remarkable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of RA and TQ, which have known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, on retinal damage by establishing a wound healing model for retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). METHOD To this end, IC50 doses of RA and TQ in ARPE-19 cells were calculated by MTT assay. Both agents were administered at IC50, IC50/2 and IC50/4 doses for wound healing assay, and wound closure percentages were analyzed. Since the best wound healing was found at IC50/4 dose (low dose) for both agents, other biochemical and molecular analyses were planned to be performed using these doses. Following low dose RA and TQ treatments, the cells were lysed and TGF-β1 and MMP-9 levels were analyzed by ELISA technique from the cell lysates obtained. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of TLR3, IFN-γ and VEGF were calculated by RT-PCR technique. RESULTS Low dose of RA and TQ dramatically increased wound healing. RA may have achieved this by increasing levels of MMP-9 and TLR-3. In contrast, the mRNA expression level of VEGF remained unchanged. TQ accelerated wound healing by increasing both the protein levels of TGF-β1 and MMP-9. Furthermore, low dose of TQ decreased both TLR3 and IFN-γ mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSION Low doses of RA and TQ were clearly demonstrated to have protective properties against possible damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Sen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Ataturk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mugla Education and Research Hospital, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasikci
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Ataturk Vocational School of Health Services, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mugla Education and Research Hospital, Mugla, Turkey.
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22
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Lieffrig SA, Gyimesi G, Mao Y, Finnemann SC. Clearance phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelial during photoreceptor outer segment renewal: Molecular mechanisms and relation to retinal inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:81-99. [PMID: 37555340 PMCID: PMC10615845 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian photoreceptor outer segment renewal is a highly coordinated process that hinges on timed cell signaling between photoreceptor neurons and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE). It is a strictly rhythmic, synchronized process that underlies in part circadian regulation. We highlight findings from recently developed methods that quantify distinct phases of outer segment renewal in retinal tissue. At light onset, outer segments expose the conserved "eat-me" signal phosphatidylserine exclusively at their distal, most aged tip. A coordinated two-receptor efferocytosis process follows, in which ligands bridge outer segment phosphatidylserine with the RPE receptors αvβ5 integrin, inducing cytosolic signaling toward Rac1 and focal adhesion kinase/MERTK, and with MERTK directly, additionally inhibiting RhoA/ROCK and thus enabling F-actin dynamics favoring outer segment fragment engulfment. Photoreceptors and RPE persist for life with each RPE cell in the eye servicing dozens of overlying photoreceptors. Thus, RPE cells phagocytose more often and process more material than any other cell type. Mutant mice with impaired outer segment renewal largely retain functional photoreceptors and retinal integrity. However, when anti-inflammatory signaling in the RPE via MERTK or the related TYRO3 is lacking, catastrophic inflammation leads to immune cell infiltration that swiftly destroys the retina causing blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Lieffrig
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY
| | - Gavin Gyimesi
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Silvia C. Finnemann
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY
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23
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Caruso G, Marano F. A Long Term Recurrent Case of Acute Retinal Pigment Epithelitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1730-1735. [PMID: 35901522 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2093752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the case of a young adult who developed two episodes of Acute Retinal Pigment Epithelitis (ARPE) in the same eye 7 years apart, describing retinal morphologic changes using SD-OCT scan. OBSERVATIONS ARPE is an acute, self-limiting macular disorder characterized by a stippled dark macular lesion surrounded by a hypopigmented halo under fundus examination, corresponding to a foveal disruption of the outer retinal layers and an hyperreflective lesion under SD-OCT scan. Despite ARPE lesions usually appearing to be situated within the macula, a diffuse involvement of the RPE has been suggested1. SD-OCT scan in our patient showed multiple focal lesions involving the whole posterior pole of the affected eye. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE We report the first case where a diffuse involvement of the RPE in the disease is supported by an OCT finding and the case with the longest period between two recurrent self-limited episodes described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caruso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Marano
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Azienda Ospedaliera per l'Emergenza Cannizzaro", Catania, Italy
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24
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Kaynar AH, Çömelekoğlu Ü, Kibar D, Yıldırım M, Yıldırımcan S, Yılmaz ŞN, Erat S. Cytotoxic effect of silica nanoparticles on human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 674:53-61. [PMID: 37406486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of nanotechnology-based methods has become widespread in the treatment of ocular diseases. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are most common used NPs in medical field due to their physicochemical properties. SiO2 NPs can easily cross biological membranes and interact with basic biological structures, causing structural and functional changes in cells. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the dose dependent effect of SiO2 NPs on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro using electrobiophysical, biochemical and histological methods. A commercially purchased human RPE (hARPE-19) cell line was used in this study. Cells were divided into four groups as control, 50 μg/mL SiO2, 100 μg/mL SiO2 and 150 μg/mL SiO2 groups. Cell index, apoptotic activity, cell cycle and oxidative stress markers were measured in all groups. Findings in the present study showed that SiO2 nanoparticles reduced cell proliferation, increased oxidative stress, apoptosis and arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle as dose dependent manner in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, SiO2 exposure can induce cytotoxic effects in RPE cell line. The results of this study provide clues that exposure to SiO2 nanoparticles may impair visual function and reduce quality of life. However, further studies are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Hümeyra Kaynar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Çömelekoğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Kibar
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Metin Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Saadet Yıldırımcan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Şakir Necat Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selma Erat
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mersin, Turkey
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25
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Shen G, Li Y, Zeng Y, Hong F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang C, Xiang W, Wang J, Fang Z, Qi W, Yang X, Gao G, Zhou T. Kallistatin Deficiency Induces the Oxidative Stress-Related Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: A Novel Protagonist in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:15. [PMID: 37682567 PMCID: PMC10500364 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction induced by oxidative stress-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE is the primary underlying mechanism of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Kallistatin (KAL) is a secreted protein with an antioxidative stress effect. However, the relationship between KAL and EMT in RPE has not been determined. Therefore we aimed to explore the impact and mechanism of KAL in oxidative stress-induced EMT of RPE. Methods Sodium iodate (SI) was injected intraperitoneally to construct the AMD rat model and investigate the changes in RPE morphology and KAL expression. KAL knockout rats and KAL transgenic mice were used to explain the effects of KAL on EMT and oxidative stress. In addition, Snail overexpressed adenovirus and si-RNA transfected ARPE19 cells to verify the involvement of Snail in mediating KAL-suppressed EMT of RPE. Results AMD rats induced by SI expressed less KAL in the retina, and KAL knockout rats showed RPE dysfunction spontaneously where EMT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in RPE. In contrast, KAL overexpression attenuated EMT and ROS levels in RPE, even in TGF-β treatment. Mechanistically, Snail reversed the beneficial effect of KAL on EMT and ROS reduction. Moreover, KAL ameliorated SI-induced AMD-like pathological changes. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that KAL inhibits oxidative stress-induced EMT by downregulating the transcription factor Snail. Herein, KAL knockout rats may be an appropriate animal model for observing spontaneous RPE dysfunction for AMD-like retinopathy, and KAL may represent a novel therapeutic target for treating dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence of acute retinal pigment epitheliitis in association with serologic evidence of acute Coxsackie A virus infection. METHODS This study is a case report. RESULTS A 37-year-old man noted an acute onset of paracentral scotomas in his right eye correlating with stippled retinal pigment epithelial pigment alterations with whitish halos surrounding the fovea. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed scattered distinct retinal pigment epithelial elevations in the paracentral macular region arranged in an annular fashion, with associated alterations in the interdigitation and ellipsoid zone layers anterior to the retinal pigment epithelial, characteristic of acute retinal pigment E. Suspicion of acute Coxsackie A virus in the patient because of the presence of simultaneous viral exanthematous illness in the patient's 1-year-old son prompted serologic testing for Coxsackie virus. Titers showed strongly positive IgM ("early") antibody for several Coxsackievirus A serotypes, including A16 (most commonly associated with hand-foot-mouth disease). Spontaneous regression of the anatomical and clinical findings occurred over the next month, with complete resolution noted 16 months later. CONCLUSION This is the first documented case of acute retinal pigment epitheliitis associated with evidence of acute Coxsackie A virus infection. Corroboration with serology in future cases would add to evidence that acute retinal pigment epitheliitis is part of the apparently expanding spectrum of recognized "Coxsackie retinopathies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Colucciello
- Clinical Associate, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Retina Specialist, South Jersey Eye Physicians, Moorestown, New Jersey
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27
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Chiu CC, Cheng KC, Lin YH, He CX, Bow YD, Li CY, Wu CY, Wang HMD, Sheu SJ. Prolonged Exposure to High Glucose Induces Premature Senescence Through Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:21. [PMID: 37638991 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia involves persistent high-glucose exposure and correlates with retinal degeneration. It causes various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major cause of adult vision loss. Most in vitro studies have investigated the damaging short-term effects of high glucose exposure on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. DR is also a severe complication of diabetes. In this study, we established a model with prolonged high-glucose exposure (15 and 75 mM exogenous glucose for two months) to mimic RPE tissue pathophysiology in patients with hyperglycemia. Prolonged high-glucose exposure attenuated glucose uptake and clonogenicity in ARPE-19 cells. It also significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased antioxidant protein (superoxide dismutase 2) levels in RPE cells, possibly causing oxidative stress and DNA damage and impairing proliferation. Western blotting showed that autophagic stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and genotoxic stress were induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Despite a moderate apoptotic cell population detected using the Annexin V-staining assay, the increases in the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21 and SA-β-gal-positive cells suggest that prolonged high-glucose exposure dominantly sensitized RPE cells to premature senescence. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing suggested that upregulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage-associated pathways contributed to stress-induced premature senescence of ARPE-19 cells. Our findings elucidate the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia-associated retinal diseases and should benefit the future development of preventive drugs. Prolonged high-glucose exposure downregulates glucose uptake and oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through regulation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression. Autophagic stress, ER stress, and DNA damage stress (genotoxic stress) are also induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Consequently, multiple stresses induce the upregulation of the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21. Although both apoptosis and premature senescence contribute to high glucose exposure-induced anti-proliferation of RPE cells, the present work shows that premature senescence rather than apoptosis is the dominant cause of RPE degeneration, eventually leading to the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Xi He
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jiuan Sheu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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28
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Liesenhoff C, Paulus SM, Havertz C, Geerlof A, Priglinger S, Priglinger CS, Ohlmann A. Endogenous Galectin-1 Modulates Cell Biological Properties of Immortalized Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12635. [PMID: 37628816 PMCID: PMC10454680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the eye, an increase in galectin-1 is associated with various chorioretinal diseases, in which retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells play a crucial role in disease development and progression. Since little is known about the function of endogenous galectin-1 in these cells, we developed a galectin-1-deficient immortalized RPE cell line (ARPE-19-LGALS1-/-) using a sgRNA/Cas9 all-in-one expression vector and investigated its cell biological properties. Galectin-1 deficiency was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Cell viability and proliferation were significantly decreased in ARPE-19-LGALS1-/- cells when compared to wild-type controls. Further on, an increased attachment of galectin-1-deficient RPE cells was observed by cell adhesion assay when compared to control cells. The diminished viability and proliferation, as well as the enhanced adhesion of galectin-1-deficient ARPE-19 cells, could be blocked, at least in part, by the additional treatment with human recombinant galectin-1. In addition, a significantly reduced migration was detected in ARPE-19-LGALS1-/- cells. In comparison to control cells, galectin-1-deficient RPE cells had enhanced expression of sm-α-actin and N-cadherin, whereas expression of E-cadherin showed no significant alteration. Finally, a compensatory expression of galectin-8 mRNA was observed in ARPE-19-LGALS1-/- cells. In conclusion, in RPE cells, endogenous galectin-1 has crucial functions for various cell biological processes, including viability, proliferation, migration, adherence, and retaining the epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Liesenhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Simon Martin Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Caroline Havertz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Siegfried Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Claudia Sybille Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.L.); (S.M.P.); (C.H.); (S.P.); (C.S.P.)
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29
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Liu L, Liang C, Fan W, Zhong J. Effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes on aerobic metabolism of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:1325-1335. [PMID: 36195815 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSC-Exo) on aerobic metabolism of cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced oxidative damage in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19), and to explore the protective mechanism of HUCMSC-Exo on oxidative damage in ARPE-19 cells. METHODS HUCMSC-Exo were extracted and identified; CCK-8 assay was used to established the oxidative damage mode of ARPE-19 cells induced by CoCl2; JC-1 flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of exosomes with different concentrations (0, 25, 50, or 100 μg/mL) on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of oxidatively damaged ARPE-19 cells. The effects of exosomes with different concentrations on the activity of oxidative metabolic enzymes (oxidative respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V) and ATP synthesis in oxidatively damaged ARPE-19 cells were detected by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Under transmission electron microscope, HUCMSC-Exo were round or oval membrane vesicles with diameters of about 40-100 nm. Western blot results showed that HUCMSC-Exo expressed specific marker proteins CD63 and CD81. CCK-8 dates showed that the cell viability of ARPE-19 cells was significantly decreased with increasing CoCl2 concentration, and the concentration of 400 μmol/L CoCl2 was chosen to be the optimal concentration for oxidative damage. MMP was increased in exosomes intervention group (25, 50 or 100 μg/mL), and the dates were statistically different from 0 μg/mL exosome intervention group (P < 0.05). The activities of mitochondrial complexes I, IV, and V in exosomes intervention groups (100 μg/mL) were higher than those in 0 μg/mL exosome intervention group. In 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL exosome intervention group, ATP synthesis was significantly different from the 0 μg/mL exosome intervention group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HUCMSC-Exo had a certain protective effect on ARPE-19 cells induced by CoCl2 in vitro. The protective mechanism of HUCMSC-Exo on oxidative damage ARPE-19 cells might be through saving its aerobic metabolic function, restoring cell ATP synthesis, and improving the ability of cells to repair damage and deal with the hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunlan Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, 189 Fenglin 3rd Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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30
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Venkatesh R, Agrawal S, Reddy NG, Mishra P, Mutalik D, Yadav NK, Chhablani J. Characteristics of retinal pigment clumps in Type 2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel). Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:1061-1066. [PMID: 35422496 PMCID: PMC10102035 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of retinal pigment clump (RPC) size and its location with visual acuity and retinal neovascularisation in eyes with type 2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, eyes diagnosed with type 2 MacTel showing RPC were included. Area occupied by pigment was measured on the multicolour image using the area tool on the Spectralis, Heidelberg machine. Pigment location within retinal layers was noted with OCT. Analysis was performed to identify factors associated with poor vision and proliferative disease. RESULTS Sixty-two eyes of 42 patients diagnosed with type 2 MacTel and RPC were included. The mean age was 64.31 ± 10.19 years. There were 13 (31%) males and 29 (69%) females in the study. 74% of patients were diabetics and the mean logMAR visual acuity of the participants was 0.619 ± 0.359. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified female gender (p = 0.026), increasing RPC size (p = 0.008) and its presence above the outer plexiform layer (p = 0.006) to be associated with poor vision and proliferative disease in type 2 MacTel. CONCLUSION Our data identified female gender, larger pigment size and its location above the OPL to be associated with poor vision and proliferative disease. This data may be useful for further improving the current system for staging disease severity in type 2 MacTel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sameeksha Agrawal
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikitha Gurram Reddy
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
| | - Pranjal Mishra
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepashri Mutalik
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010, Karnataka, India
| | - Jay Chhablani
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Medical Retina and Vitreoretinal Surgery, 203 Lothrop Street, Suite 800, Pittsburg, PA, 15213, USA
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Datta S, Cano M, Satyanarayana G, Liu T, Wang L, Wang J, Cheng J, Itoh K, Sharma A, Bhutto I, Kannan R, Qian J, Sinha D, Handa JT. Mitophagy initiates retrograde mitochondrial-nuclear signaling to guide retinal pigment cell heterogeneity. Autophagy 2023; 19:966-983. [PMID: 35921555 PMCID: PMC9980637 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2109286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness among the elderly, is without treatment for early disease. Degenerative retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell heterogeneity is a well-recognized but understudied pathogenic factor. Due to the daily phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments, unique photo-oxidative stress, and high metabolism for maintaining vision, the RPE has robust macroautophagy/autophagy, and mitochondrial and antioxidant networks. However, the autophagy subtype, mitophagy, in the RPE and AMD is understudied. Here, we found decreased PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1) in perifoveal RPE of early AMD eyes. PINK1-deficient RPE have impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial function that triggers death-resistant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This reprogramming is mediated by novel retrograde mitochondrial-nuclear signaling (RMNS) through superoxide, NFE2L2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2), TXNRD1 (thioredoxin reductase 1), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase) that induced canonical transcription factors ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1) and SNAI1 (Snail family transcriptional repressor 1) and an EMT transcriptome. NFE2L2 deficiency disrupted RMNS that paradoxically normalized morphology but decreased function and viability. Thus, RPE heterogeneity is defined by the interaction of two cytoprotective pathways that is triggered by mitophagy function. By neutralizing the consequences of impaired mitophagy, an antioxidant dendrimer tropic for the RPE and mitochondria, EMT (a recognized AMD alteration) was abrogated to offer potential therapy for early AMD, a stage without treatment.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMD: age-related macular degeneration; CCCP: cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; CDH1: cadherin 1; DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery; DHE: dihydroethidium; D-NAC: N-acetyl-l-cysteine conjugated to a poly(amido amine) dendrimer; ECAR: extracellular acidification rate; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HSPD1: heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1; IVT: intravitreal; KD: knockdown; LMNA, lamin A/C; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; NAC: N-acetyl-l-cysteine; NQO1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; NFE2L2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; O2-: superoxide anion; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; RMNS: retrograde mitochondrial-nuclear signaling; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; SNAI1: snail family transcriptional repressor 1; TJP1: tight junction protein 1; TPP-D-NAC: triphenyl phosphinium and N-acetyl-l-cysteine conjugated to a poly(amido amine) dendrimer; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; Trig: trigonelline; TXNRD1: thioredoxin reductase 1; VIM: vimentin; WT: wild-type; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Datta
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GAUSA
| | - Marisol Cano
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ganesh Satyanarayana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GAUSA
| | - Tongyun Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Imran Bhutto
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jiang Qian
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James T. Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li J, Aguilera N, Liu T, Bower AJ, Giannini JP, Cukras C, Keenan TDL, Chew E, Brooks BP, Zein WM, Huryn LA, Hufnagel RB, Tam J. Structural integrity of retinal pigment epithelial cells in eyes with age-related scattered hypofluorescent spots on late phase indocyanine green angiography (ASHS-LIA). Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:377-378. [PMID: 36115884 PMCID: PMC9873905 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Li
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Aguilera
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Bower
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Giannini
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Cukras
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiarnan D L Keenan
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Chew
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laryssa A Huryn
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johnny Tam
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Hayashi K, Labios RJ, Morita T, Ashimori A, Aoki R, Mikuni M, Kimura K. Significance of the p38MAPK-CRP2 axis in myofibroblastic phenotypic transition. Cell Struct Funct 2023; 48:199-210. [PMID: 37899269 DOI: 10.1247/csf.23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that a LIM domain protein, cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2 [CRP2]), plays a vital role in the functional expression of myofibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts. CRP2 binds directly to myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF [MRTF-A or MRTF-B]) and serum response factor (SRF) to stabilize the MRTF/SRF/CArG-box complex, leading to the expression of smooth muscle cell (SMC) genes such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagens. These are the marker genes for myofibroblasts. Here, we show that the adhesion of cultured human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) to collagen reduces the myofibroblastic features. HSF adhesion to collagen suppresses the expression of CRP2 and CSRP2-binding protein (CSRP2BP [CRP2BP]) and reduces the expression of SMC genes. Although CRP2BP is known as an epigenetic factor, we find that CRP2BP also acts as an adaptor protein to enhance the function of CRP2 mentioned above. This CRP2BP function does not depend on its histone acetyltransferase activity. We also addressed the molecular mechanism of the reduced myofibroblastic features of HSFs on collagen. HSF adhesion to collagen inhibits the p38MAPK-mediated pathway, and reducing the p38MAPK activity decreases the expression of CRP2 and SMC genes. Thus, the activation of p38MAPK is critical for the myofibroblastic features. We also show evidence that CRP2 plays a role in the myofibroblastic transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). Like HSFs, such phenotypic modulation of RPEs depends on the p38MAPK pathway.Key words: CRP2, p38MAPK, MRTF, myofibroblasts, retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichiro Hayashi
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Reuben Jacob Labios
- Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Morita
- Department of Biology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Atsushige Ashimori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ren Aoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masanori Mikuni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
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Lee H, Nguyen Hoang AT, Lee SJ. Ginsenoside protopanaxadiol protects adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells from chloroquine by modulating autophagy and apoptosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274763. [PMID: 36454967 PMCID: PMC9714852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine often causes serious eye and vision problems, which are mainly mediated by lysosomotropic alteration. In this study, we investigated whether the ginsenoside protopanaxadiol relieves chloroquine-induced retinopathy by restoring lysosomotropic abnormalities in human adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Morphological alterations in autophagosomes of adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells was detected using confocal microscopy. Apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry, whereas cellular reactive oxygen species levels were determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2'-7'-dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate. Lysosomal function was assessed by measuring lysosomal pH and enzyme activity. Immunoprecipitation and western blotting analyses were performed. Adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 cells accumulated autophagosomes with fusion defects in lysosomes and reactive oxygen species formation following exposure to chloroquine. This effect trapped Beclin-1 and B-cell lymphoma 2 interfering with autophagy initiation and autophagosome development. Protopanaxadiol alleviated chloroquine-induced toxicity by modulating the interaction between Beclin-1 and Bcl-2, which was mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signal axis. Furthermore, autophagy and apoptosis were simultaneously controlled by protopanaxadiol via upregulation of autophagy flux and decreased reactive oxygen species formation and apoptotic protein expression. These findings suggest that protopanaxadiol is a promising treatment strategy for chloroquine-mediated retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesung Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Thu Nguyen Hoang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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35
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O'Neil EC, Uyhazi KE, O'Connor K, Aleman IA, Pulido JS, Rossano JW, Aleman TS. DANON DISEASE: A MODEL OF PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION SECONDARY TO PRIMARY RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM DISEASE. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:707-713. [PMID: 36288619 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe in detail the retinal phenotype of LAMP2-associated Danon disease. METHODS Three LAMP2-positive patients from two unrelated families were studied with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and with short-wavelength and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging. Visual function was measured with full-field electroretinography and chromatic perimetry. A patient with choroideremia was also studied for comparison. RESULTS A 45-year-old LAMP2-heterozygous woman, her 21-year-old hemizygous son, and an unrelated heterozygous 60-year-old woman had normal visual acuities. Central spectral-domain optical coherence tomographies were grossly normal in the younger two patients (mother and son). The oldest patient showed a tenuous interdigitation signal, interruptions of the inner segment ellipsoid zone band, and parafoveal outer nuclear layer thinning. Quantitatively, all patients had shorter than normal ellipsoid zone to retinal pigment epithelium distance in pericentral retina, normal at the foveola. A speckled hypoautofluorescence pattern on short-wavelength FAF contrasted with grossly abnormal near-infrared FAF in the heterozygous carriers. The oldest patient had reduced full-field electroretinography amplitudes (to ∼50% of normal) for rod- and cone-mediated responses and her perimetry showed severe rod dysfunction but substantial cone function. A disproportionate loss of the near-infrared FAF compared with the short-wavelength FAF, predominantly outer segment changes, and severe rod dysfunction with preserved cone function was similarly documented in a 9-year-old choroideremia hemizygous patient. CONCLUSION A disproportionate loss of the near-infrared FAF signal compared with the short-wavelength FAF signal, outer segment abnormalities, and severe rod dysfunction but relatively preserved cone vision suggests a stereotypical pattern of primary retinal pigment epithelial or parallel retinal pigment epithelial + photoreceptor disease in Danon disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C O'Neil
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Ophthalmology of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Keli O'Connor
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Kimmel Medical School, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph W Rossano
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomas S Aleman
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Ophthalmology of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Corvi F, Corradetti G, Wong A, Eng JG, Sadda S. PERIPHERAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN A CHOROIDEREMIA CARRIER. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:766-769. [PMID: 33394956 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the peripheral optical coherence tomography findings in a female choroideremia carrier. METHODS A 56-year-old woman was referred for visual disturbance complaining of some occasional photopsias and increasing difficulty with her vision at night in both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/150 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed mildly tilted disks and peripapillary atrophy with subtle retinal pigment epithelial changes in the periphery. RESULTS Macular optical coherence tomography in the right eye appeared unremarkable, but the in the left eye, there was diffuse ellipsoid zone band disruption. Green-light fundus autofluorescence revealed mottled areas of decreased autofluorescence in the mid and far periphery creating an irregular mosaic pattern. Peripheral optical coherence tomography scans revealed more diffuse ellipsoid zone alterations than were apparent on the fundus autofluorescence imaging. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the CHM gene (c.715C>T, p.Arg239). An additional heterozygous mutation was noted in the CNGB1 gene (c.290+2T>C, splice donor). CONCLUSION Choroideremia carriers may manifest widespread photoreceptor alterations, which may be more extensive than apparent on fundus autofluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Corvi
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Eye Clinic, Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Corradetti
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jeffrey G Eng
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - SriniVas Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
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37
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Corvi F, Corradetti G, Wong A, Pulido JS, Shields CL, Freund KB, Sarraf D, Sadda SR. MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF A CHOROIDAL NEVUS WITH CAVERNS IN THE SETTING OF PACHYCHOROID DISEASE. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:670-673. [PMID: 33653986 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the multimodal imaging findings of extensive choroidal caverns within a choroidal nevus in an eye with pachychoroid spectrum disease. METHODS A 69-year-old woman was referred with a known history of branch retinal vein occlusion in the right eye and choroidal nevus in the left eye. Fundus examination of both eyes revealed subretinal yellow deposits, suggestive of pachydrusen. Retinal venous collaterals were noted in the temporal macular of the right eye. A lightly pigmented choroidal lesion with nearly confluent overlying drusen and retinal pigment epithelial alterations, consistent with chronic choroidal nevus, was noted in the macula of the left eye. RESULTS Optical coherence tomography B-scans revealed thickened choroid (pachychoroid) with subfoveal choroidal thickness of 504 µ m and 580 µ m with large hyporeflective spaces suggestive of pachyvessels in both eyes. In the region of the choroidal nevus, the choroidal vascular spaces appeared comparatively large and were classified as "caverns" measuring up to 480 µ m in diameter. Optical coherence tomography angiography and indocyanine green angiography demonstrated the absence of flow within the caverns. Indocyanine green angiography further illustrated choroidal vascular hyperpermeability with patchy hyperfluorescent areas in both eyes. Wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography showed mild posterior scleral bowing, a feature occasionally documented with choroidal nevus, and highlighted greater hyporeflectivity and hypertransmission on optical coherence tomography within the caverns compared with the noncavernous choroidal vessels. CONCLUSION Choroidal caverns can occur within choroidal nevus in the setting of pachychoroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Corvi
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco," Eye Clinic, Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Corradetti
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - K Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Sarraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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38
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Alsberge JB, Peng MY, Agarwal A, McDonald HR. RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A SPORADIC CASE OF FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:759-761. [PMID: 33148946 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a sporadic case of a familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) discovered in a patient with bilateral retinal pigment epithelial lesions. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 30-year-old Asian woman presented for evaluation of bilateral pigmented lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. She had no personal or family history of colonic polyps or colon cancer. Colonoscopy revealed innumerable adenomatous polyps and genetic testing revealed a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene consistent with FAP. She subsequently underwent prophylactic total colectomy. CONCLUSION The pigmented retinal pigment epithelium lesions of FAP have a characteristic appearance and it is vital for the retinal specialist to be familiar with them. De novo mutations in the APC gene are responsible for 20% to 30% of FAP cases. In the presence of the characteristic retinal pigment epithelium lesions, it is important to send the patient for work up of FAP even in the absence of family history of FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Alsberge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwest Permanente, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Michelle Y Peng
- West Coast Retina Medical Group/California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Anita Agarwal
- West Coast Retina Medical Group/California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - H Richard McDonald
- West Coast Retina Medical Group/California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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39
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Cai J, Hao W, Zeng S, Li J, Guo Y, Tan K, Kang Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Santos T, Qian C, Luo A. Fundus-Vascular Responses to Color Deviation Caused by Non-Oxidative Blue Filtering. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:9592009. [PMID: 36275906 PMCID: PMC9581710 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9592009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims Short-wavelength blue light damaged retina by the oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Filtering blue light from screen could reduce blue hazard, whereas it inevitably altered color-gamut coverage and color-deviation level. Although abnormal fundus-vascular density (FVD) sometimes indicated fundus disease, few researchers noticed its responses to the variation of color-gamut coverage and color-deviation level. Methods In this study, we performed cellular experiments and analyzed the RPE cell viabilities (CVs) in spectrums with different blue (455-475 nm) ratios to describe the corresponding oxidative-stress levels. Further, we investigated the effects of color-gamut and deviation on FVD variations during the screen-watching task using human factor experiments with 30 participants (university students, including 17 males and 13 females, 21 to 30 years old). Results RPE CVs were similar in different spectrums, implying that non-oxidative blue filtering hardly contributed to CV improvement. Color-deviation level seems to induce more significant effects on the visual function compared to color-gamut coverage, and MTF and FVD presents similar variation trends during the visual task. Conclusion Oxidative-free blue filtering contributed little to decrease retinal oxidative stress yet caused color-deviation increase, which caused significant FVD reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Cai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Lab of Visual Health and Safety Protection, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wentao Hao
- Beijing Yangming Zhidao Photoelectric Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shanshan Zeng
- Lab of Visual Health and Safety Protection, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junkai Li
- Hangzhou Innovei Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Lab of Visual Health and Safety Protection, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Guangzhou Shirui Electronics Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yongyin Kang
- Najing Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yitao Huang
- Guangzhou Shirui Electronics Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangzhou Shirui Electronics Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Thebano Santos
- Center of Information Technology “Renato Archer” (CTI), Ministry of Science Technology Innovations and Communications, Brazil
| | - Cheng Qian
- School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Akalu YT, Mercau ME, Ansems M, Hughes LD, Nevin J, Alberto EJ, Liu XN, He LZ, Alvarado D, Keler T, Kong Y, Philbrick WM, Bosenberg M, Finnemann SC, Iavarone A, Lasorella A, Rothlin CV, Ghosh S. Tissue-specific modifier alleles determine Mertk loss-of-function traits. eLife 2022; 11:80530. [PMID: 35969037 PMCID: PMC9433089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout (KO) mouse models play critical roles in elucidating biological processes behind disease-associated or disease-resistant traits. As a presumed consequence of gene KO, mice display certain phenotypes. Based on insight into the molecular role of said gene in a biological process, it is inferred that the particular biological process causally underlies the trait. This approach has been crucial towards understanding the basis of pathological and/or advantageous traits associated with Mertk KO mice. Mertk KO mice suffer from severe, early-onset retinal degeneration. MERTK, expressed in retinal pigment epithelia, is a receptor tyrosine kinase with a critical role in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or cellular debris. Therefore, early-onset, severe retinal degeneration was described to be a direct consequence of failed MERTK-mediated phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments by retinal pigment epithelia. Here, we report that the loss of Mertk alone is not sufficient for retinal degeneration. The widely used Mertk KO mouse carries multiple coincidental changes in its genome that affect the expression of a number of genes, including the Mertk paralog Tyro3. Retinal degeneration manifests only when the function of Tyro3 is concomitantly lost. Furthermore, Mertk KO mice display improved anti-tumor immunity. MERTK is expressed in macrophages. Therefore, enhanced anti-tumor immunity was inferred to result from the failure of macrophages to dispose of cancer cell corpses, resulting in a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The resistance against two syngeneic mouse tumor models observed in Mertk KO mice is not, however, phenocopied by the loss of Mertk alone. Neither Tyro3 nor macrophage phagocytosis by alternate genetic redundancy accounts for the absence of anti-tumor immunity. Collectively, our results indicate that context-dependent epistasis of independent modifier alleles determines Mertk KO traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemsratch T Akalu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Maria E Mercau
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Lindsey D Hughes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - James Nevin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Emily J Alberto
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Xinran N Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Li-Zhen He
- Celldex TherapeuticsNew HavenUnited States
| | | | | | - Yong Kong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, W. M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - William M Philbrick
- Center on Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale Genome Editing Center, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Pathology and Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Silvia C Finnemann
- Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham UniversityBronxUnited States
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Departments of Immunobiology and Pharmacology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
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Akter T, Annamalai B, Obert E, Simpson KN, Rohrer B. Dabigatran and Wet AMD, Results From Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Monolayers, the Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization, and Patients From the Medicare Data Base. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896274. [PMID: 35784301 PMCID: PMC9248746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly Caucasian populations, includes destruction of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) generated by the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane complex (RPE/BrM), and complement activation. Thrombin is likely to get access to those structures upon BRB integrity loss. Here we investigate the potential role of thrombin in AMD by analyzing effects of the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Material and Methods MarketScan data for patients aged ≥65 years on Medicare was used to identify association between AMD and dabigatran use. ARPE-19 cells grown as mature monolayers were analyzed for thrombin effects on barrier function (transepithelial resistance; TER) and downstream signaling (complement activation, expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)). Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mouse is used to test the identified downstream signaling. Results Risk of new wet AMD diagnosis was reduced in dabigatran users. In RPE monolayers, thrombin reduced TER, generated unique complement C3 and C5 cleavage products, led to C3d/MAC deposition on cell surfaces, and increased CTGF expression via PAR1-receptor activation and VEGF secretion. CNV lesion repair was accelerated by dabigatran, and molecular readouts suggest that downstream effects of thrombin include CTGF and VEGF, but not the complement system. Conclusions This study provides evidence of association between dabigatran use and reduced exudative AMD diagnosis. Based on the cell- and animal-based studies, we suggest that thrombin modulates wound healing and CTGF and VEGF expression, making dabigatran a potential novel treatment option in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Akter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tanjina Akter, ; Bärbel Rohrer,
| | | | - Elisabeth Obert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kit N. Simpson
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tanjina Akter, ; Bärbel Rohrer,
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Choudhary M, Ildefonso CJ, Lewin AS, Malek G. Gene Delivery of a Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain Improves Retinal Pigment Epithelial Function and Modulates Inflammation in a Mouse Model with Features of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:359-371. [PMID: 35446130 PMCID: PMC9242724 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytoplasmic signal transduction complex that regulates inflammation, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of visual impairment in industrialized countries. We tested the therapeutic effect of anti-inflammatory gene therapy, delivered preventively, in Liver-X-Receptor alpha knockout (LXRα-/-) mice, which exhibit features of dry AMD. Methods:LXRα-/- mice were treated with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector that delivers a secretable and cell-penetrating form of the caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD). A sGFP-FCS-TatCARD-AAV or sGFP-FCS (control) vector was delivered intravitreally to 3-5 month-old, LXRα-/- mice, who were then aged to 15-18 months (12-13 month treatment). Retinal function and morphology were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Results: TatCARD treated LXRα-/- mice did not show improvement in rod and cone photoreceptor function, measured by dark adapted a- and b-wave amplitudes, and rod-saturated b-wave amplitudes. We found a sex-dependent, significant therapeutic effect in c-wave amplitudes in the TatCARD treated mice, which exhibited maintenance of amplitudes in comparison to the significant decline recorded in the control treated group, indicating a therapeutic effect mediated in part through retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Additionally, the retinas of the TatCARD treated mice exhibited a significant decline in the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) concomitant with modulation of several inflammatory cytokines in the retina and RPE-choroid tissues, as measured by ELISA and cytokine array, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, these results support that anti-inflammatory gene constructs such as AAV-TatCARD may be considered for the treatment of inflammation in AMD and other ocular diseases of the posterior pole in which inflammation may play a role. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the need to carefully consider potential sex-different responses when assessing potential therapies in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Choudhary
- Albert Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cristhian J. Ildefonso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alfred S. Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Goldis Malek
- Albert Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Goldis Malek, Albert Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Room 4006, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Ke Q, Gong L, Zhu X, Qi R, Zou M, Chen B, Liu W, Huang S, Liu Y, Li DWC. Multinucleated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Adapt to Vision and Exhibit Increased DNA Damage Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091552. [PMID: 35563857 PMCID: PMC9103592 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells have been reported in humans and other mammals. Rodents have an extremely high percentage of multinucleated cells (more than 80%). Both mouse and human multinucleated RPE cells exhibit specific regional distributions that are potentially correlated with photoreceptor density. However, detailed investigations of multinucleated RPE in different species and their behavior after DNA damage are missing. Here, we compared the composition of multinucleated RPE cells in nocturnal and diurnal animals that possess distinct rod and cone proportions. We further investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage response in mouse mononucleated and multinucleated RPE cells and determined the effect of p53 dosage on the DNA damage response in these cells. Our results revealed an unrealized association between multinucleated RPE cells and nocturnal vision. In addition, we found multinucleated RPE cells exhibited increased ROS production and DNA damage after X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency of p53 led to increased DNA damage frequency after irradiation, and mononucleated RPE cells were more sensitive to a change in p53 dosage. In conclusion, this study provides novel information on in vivo PRE topography and the DNA damage response, which may reflect specific requirements for vision adaption and macular function.
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Shroff D, Agarwal A, Saha I, Aggarwal K, Grover S, Gupta V, Shroff C, Querques G. RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL IRREGULARITY AND ATROPHY AFTER INTERNAL MEMBRANE PEELING: A REPORT OF TWO CASES. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:275-279. [PMID: 31977927 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report two cases of widespread retinal pigment epithelial clumping, irregularity, and atrophy after uncomplicated 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with brilliant blue-green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 2 eyes of 2 patients who underwent 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for macular diseases (macular hole with retinal detachment and vitreomacular traction) was performed. Surgical notes and video recordings were reviewed to determine the surgical procedures performed and the duration of the surgery. Multimodal imaging analysis, including fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography were performed to determine the pathological changes in the postoperative period. RESULTS The mean age of the patients (all females) was 78 years. In all the patients, brilliant blue-green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling was performed without any intraoperative complications. Four weeks after an uncomplicated surgery, the patients complained of progressive central visual disturbance and metamorphopsia. Retinal imaging demonstrated retinal pigment epithelial clumps and irregularity, which appeared as hyperautofluorescent on fundus autofluorescence, and widespread retinal pigment epithelial atrophy (hypoautofluorescent on fundus autofluorescence) in the posterior pole and peripapillary region, along with retinal and choroidal thinning. CONCLUSION In uncomplicated vitrectomy consisting of brilliant blue-green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling, a remote risk of widespread retinal pigment epithelial damage exists even with the use of modern endoilluminators and relatively short surgical duration. Retinal phototoxicity seems to be the primary cause; however, dye-related cytotoxicity or a combination of both cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daraius Shroff
- Shroff Eye Centre, Department of Vitreoretinal Services, New Delhi, India
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India ; and
| | - Indranil Saha
- Shroff Eye Centre, Department of Vitreoretinal Services, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Aggarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India ; and
| | - Suman Grover
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India ; and
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India ; and
| | - Cyrus Shroff
- Shroff Eye Centre, Department of Vitreoretinal Services, New Delhi, India
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita Salute, Hospital San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Battaglia Parodi M, Arrigo A, Chowers I, Jarc-Vidmar M, Shpigel M, Bandello F, Michaelidis M. OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN PIGMENTED PARAVENOUS CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY. Retina 2022; 42:915-922. [PMID: 35030147 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the retino-choroidal vascular characteristics of patients affected by pigmented paravenous chorio-retinal atrophy by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. METHODS This study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional case series. Multimodal imaging included fundus autofluorescence, structural OCT, and OCT angiography. The quantitative OCT angiography analyses included the calculation of the vessel density and choriocapillaris porosity. RESULTS Overall, 12 patients (24 eyes) affected by pigmented paravenous chorio-retinal atrophy were recruited. Structural OCT of the areas involved by pigmented paravenous chorio-retinal atrophy as visualized on the fundus autofluorescence showed a complete ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane absence, with thinning of ganglion cell complex, outer nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer, but associated with the optical partial preservation of the retinal pigment epithelium. Optical coherence tomography angiography quantitative assessment of the retinal regions affected by PPRCA, as visualized by fundus autofluorescence, was characterized by normal vessel density at the level of superficial capillary plexus but significantly altered vessel density of deep capillary plexus and choriocapillaris, with higher choriocapillaris porosity. The presence of macular atrophy was significantly correlated with worse deep capillary plexus and choriocapillaris vessel density values. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation between the fundus autofluorescence patterns and the retinal vascular status was found. CONCLUSION Optical coherence tomography angiography quantitative analyses in pigmented paravenous chorio-retinal atrophy demonstrate a specific impairment at the level of the deep capillary plexus, which could in turn bring about a thinning of ganglion cell complex and outer nuclear layer. The alterations at the level of the choriocapillaris and the choroid, in general, could then represent a secondary effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Arrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Michal Shpigel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michel Michaelidis
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom ; and
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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González Escobar AB, Ibáñez García A, Chinchurreta Capote A, Gismero Moreno S, Lorenzo Soto M. Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE). A case report. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2022; 97:230-233. [PMID: 35523470 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 35-year-old woman arrived in the emergency department due to loss of vision in the left eye. She had a subfoveal yellowish-looking lesion that, on optical coherence tomography (OCT), corresponded to a hyper-reflective lesion from the external nuclear layer to the retinal pigment epithelium. The lesion was reabsorbed at 6 weeks, leaving a discontinuity in the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium lines. The patient was diagnosed with acute retinal pigmentary epitheliitis (ARPE). ARPE is a self-limiting disease with a good prognosis. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a correct diagnosis using funduscopy, OCT, and fluorescent angiography, in order to avoid unnecessary treatments.
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Li R, Li H, Zhang Q. Procyanidin protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from high glucose by inhibiting autophagy. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:201-211. [PMID: 34636125 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The damage of hyperglycemia to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a critical event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Procyanidin (PC), a kind of polyphenol compounds, has shown to be effective in preventing and treating diabetes as well as its complications, in which autophagy disorder is involved in the pathological mechanism. However, it remains unclear whether PC can play a protective role in DR by regulating the autophagy of RPE. Here, the effect of PC on RPE under high glucose conditions and the role of autophagy were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability of ARPE-19, a human RPE cell line, was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of apoptosis markers, including Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3, as well as autophagy markers including LC3, p62, p53, and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. Autophagic flux in ARPE-19 cells was detected by transfection with Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B. RESULTS Under high glucose conditions, the viability of ARPE-19 was decreased and the apoptosis rate increased, the protein expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, LC3-II/LC3-I, and p-p53 were all increased and the expressions of Bcl-2, p62, and p-mTOR decreased, and autophagic flux was increased compared with that of the controls. Treatment with PC weakened all these changes caused by high glucose. When rapamycin (RPM), an autophagy agonist was added, the cell viability of ARPE-19 by PC treatment was decreased while the apoptosis was increased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that through the p53/mTOR autophagy pathway, PC may protect RPE cells from high glucose-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongsong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, School of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Gnanaguru G, Mackey A, Choi EY, Arta A, Rossato FA, Gero TW, Urquhart AJ, Scott DA, D'Amore PA, Ng YSE. Discovery of sterically-hindered phenol compounds with potent cytoprotective activities against ox-LDL-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death as a potential pharmacotherapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:360-368. [PMID: 34843917 PMCID: PMC8758799 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or geographic atrophy (GA) is an irreversible blinding condition characterized by degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the associated photoreceptors. Clinical and genetic evidence supports a role for dysfunctional lipid processing and accumulation of harmful oxidized lipids in the pathogenesis of GA. Using an oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced RPE death assay, we screened and identified sterically-hindered phenol compounds with potent protective activities for RPE. The phenol-containing PPARγ agonist, troglitazone, protected against ox-LDL-induced RPE cell death, whereas other more potent PPARγ agonists did not protect RPE cells. Knockdown of PPARγ did not affect the protective activity of troglitazone in RPE, confirming the protective function is not due to the thiazolidine (TZD) group of troglitazone. Prototypical hindered phenol trolox and its analogs potently protected against ox-LDL-induced RPE cell death whereas potent antioxidants without the phenol group failed to protect RPE. Hindered phenols preserved lysosomal integrity against ox-LDL-induced damage and FITC-labeled trolox was localized to the lysosomes in RPE cells. Analogs of trolox inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induced by ox-LDL uptake in a dose-dependent fashion and were effective at sub-micromolar concentrations. Treatment with trolox analog 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC) significantly induced the expression of the lysosomal protein NPC-1 and reduced intracellular cholesterol level upon ox-LDL uptake. Our data indicate that the lysosomal-localized hindered phenols are uniquely potent in protecting the RPE against the toxic effects of ox-LDL, and may represent a novel pharmacotherapy to preserve the vision in patients with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Gnanaguru
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Mackey
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthoula Arta
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Health Technology, Institut for Sundhedsteknologi, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Franco Aparecido Rossato
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Gero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew J Urquhart
- Department of Health Technology, Institut for Sundhedsteknologi, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Shan E Ng
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
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Tosetto L, Williamson JE, White TE, Hart NS. Can the Dynamic Colouration and Patterning of Bluelined Goatfish (Mullidae; Upeneichthys lineatus) Be Perceived by Conspecifics? Brain Behav Evol 2021; 96:103-123. [PMID: 34856558 DOI: 10.1159/000519894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bluelined goatfish (Upeneichthys lineatus) exhibit dynamic body colour changes and transform rapidly from a pale, buff/white, horizontally banded pattern to a conspicuous, vertically striped, red pattern when foraging. This red pattern is potentially an important foraging signal for communication with conspecifics, provided that U. lineatus can detect and discriminate the pattern. Using both physiological and behavioural experiments, we first examined whether U. lineatus possess visual pigments with sensitivity to long ("red") wavelengths of light, and whether they can discriminate the colour red. Microspectrophotometric measurements of retinal photoreceptors showed that while U. lineatuslack visual pigments dedicated to the red part of the spectrum, their pigments likely confer some sensitivity in this spectral band. Behavioural colour discrimination experiments suggested that U. lineatuscan distinguish a red reward stimulus from a grey distractor stimulus of variable brightness. Furthermore, when presented with red stimuli of varying brightness they could mostly discriminate the darker and lighter reds from the grey distractor. We also obtained anatomical estimates of visual acuity, which suggest that U. lineatus can resolve the contrasting bands of conspecifics approximately 7 m away in clear waters. Finally, we measured the spectral reflectance of the red and white colouration on the goatfish body. Visual models suggest that U. lineatus can discriminate both chromatic and achromatic differences in body colouration where longer wavelength light is available. This study demonstrates that U. lineatus have the capacity for colour vision and can likely discriminate colours in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum where the red body pattern reflects light strongly. The ability to see red may therefore provide an advantage in recognising visual signals from conspecifics. This research furthers our understanding of how visual signals have co-evolved with visual abilities, and the role of visual communication in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tosetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas E White
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan S Hart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Padhy SK, Takkar B, Kelgaonkar A, Sahu S. Retinal pigment epithelial step sign: optical coherence tomography clue for diagnosing retained subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e244464. [PMID: 34764110 PMCID: PMC8586882 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Kumar Padhy
- Ophthalmology, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Ophthalmology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - Anup Kelgaonkar
- Ophthalmology, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suman Sahu
- Ophthalmology, LV Prasad Eye Institute Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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