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Alfuth M, Kremer L, König K, Breil B. [Perception and mindfulness-based occupational therapy in people with mental disorders-A retrospective observational study on the SELWA-treatment]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2022; 36:116-124. [PMID: 35674968 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During occupational therapeutic treatment of clients with mental disorders, perception and mindfulness-based techniques are used. However, little is known regarding relevant outcomes. Aim of the present study is to describe the results of a perception and mindfulness-based occupational therapeutic intervention (self-control techniques using perception-based methods (SELWA®) by S. Thielen) regarding the outcomes occupational performance and satisfaction in self-care, productivity and leisure, as well as concentration. The data of 28 clients (22 ♀, 6 ♂; mean age = 42.8 (±SD 14.7) years) with mental disorders, that were collected before and after prescribed occupational therapeutic treatment, were analyzed. The outcomes were quantified using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the revision test, respectively. Significance of changes after the intervention was tested using the Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test (p < 0.05). Effect sizes Cohen's dz and r were determined to evaluate the meaningfulness of changes. The occupational performance as well as the satisfaction in the COPM improved significantly after the therapeutic intervention (p < 0.001; dz = 2.37, r = 0.77 and dz = 2.24, r = 0.75). Moreover, the clients improved significantly in the revision test after the therapeutic intervention (p < 0.001; dz = 0.65, r = 0.31). Clients with mental disorders seem to benefit meaningfully from the SELWA®-treatment by S. Thielen regarding occupational performance and satisfaction in self-care, productivity and leisure. Furthermore, a moderate improvement of concentration seems to occur after the therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alfuth
- Hochschule Niederrhein, Fachbereich Gesundheitswesen, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Deutschland.
| | - Lisanne Kremer
- Hochschule Niederrhein, Fachbereich Gesundheitswesen, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | - Kim König
- Hochschule Niederrhein, Fachbereich Gesundheitswesen, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Breil
- Hochschule Niederrhein, Fachbereich Gesundheitswesen, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Deutschland
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Schettler L, Thomasius R, Paschke K. Neural correlates of problematic gaming in adolescents: A systematic review of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13093. [PMID: 34496459 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Problematic gaming in adolescents is associated with neural alterations in structural and functional imaging studies. Especially frontal regions, associated with cognitive control functions, as well as temporoparietal areas, responsible for attention processes and self-concepts, and frontolimbic and subcortical regions, connected to emotion regulation and reward processing, are affected. The differences provide a further explanation for addictive disorders and emphasize the importance of interventions that address executive and cognitive-affective deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schettler
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ) University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ) University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
| | - Kerstin Paschke
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ) University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
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Barthelmeß U, Furbach U. Consciousness: Just Another Technique? KUNSTLICHE INTELLIGENZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13218-021-00740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis note is intended as a contribution to the discussion whether artificial systems can have consciousness. Based on the notion of Tononi’s Information Integration Theory we will argue, that AI systems that have to reason with large knowledge bases need such techniques in order to handle them efficiently. We furthermore discuss mind-wandering and creativity on this basis.
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Zhang J, Li X, Jin Z, Liang M, Ma X. Spontaneous brain activity and connectivity in female patients with temporomandibular joint synovitis pain: a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:363-374. [PMID: 30037632 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been proposed that mechanisms in the central nervous system contribute to the development and maintenance of pain in temporomandibular disorders. In this study, we tested whether spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) were altered in patients with temporomandibular joint synovitis pain. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, cross-sectional design was adopted. Each of 8 patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) underwent 2 sessions of functional magnetic resonance imaging: mouth closed and mouth open (painful for patients). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to measure spontaneous brain activity in each participant. Brain areas with altered ReHo in patients compared with HCs were identified, and their FCs with the rest of the brain was examined and compared. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients showed decreased pain-related ReHo in the right anterior insula (rAI). The rAI showed a weaker positive FC with the left middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and a weaker negative FC with the right precuneus in patients compared with HCs. Furthermore, the rAI-MCC FC showed a negative correlation with pain intensity in patients. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence supporting altered pain-related spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity in the central nervous system in patients with temporomandibular joint synovitis pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Radiology, 306 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xuchen Ma
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Rohlfs AK, Friedhoff J, Bohnert A, Breitfuss A, Hess M, Müller F, Strauch A, Röhrs M, Wiesner T. Unilateral hearing loss in children: a retrospective study and a review of the current literature. Eur J Pediatr 2017; 176:475-486. [PMID: 28132094 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite the introduction of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS), unilateral hearing loss (UHL) is sometimes recognized late. This diagnostic delay has adverse repercussions, given the importance of binaural hearing for the development of normal auditory processing. It is incorrect to maintain that unilateral hearing is the minimum requirement for adequate speech development and that hearing aid provision is consequently unnecessary. In our retrospective study, hearing aid provision resulted in improved directional and selective hearing (quiet and noisy environments) and, compared with their chronically ill counterparts, the children in our study displayed superior health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores in all areas. On the basis of the results, the authors conclude that even mild hearing losses (from an auditory threshold of 30 to 40 dB) should have the opportunity for hearing aid provision. A selective literature review was conducted in PubMed and textbooks and with reference to national and international guidelines. Early diagnosis and treatment of UHL have a positive effect on verbal-cognitive, linguistic, communicative, and socio-emotional development, as demonstrated by neurophysiological studies. Among the treatment modalities with differing effects on the quality of binaural hearing, cochlear implants are now used increasingly in children with hearing loss bordering on deafness. CONCLUSION Published evidence and clinical experience support early diagnosis and treatment. Wherever feasible, hearing aid provision before or at the end of the first year of life is recommended for children with UHL. What is Known: • Almost 30 years ago, poor academic performance was reported in children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL). • Despite improvements in treatment options, it is traditionally held that unilateral hearing is the minimum requirement for adequate speech development and hearing aid provision is unnecessary. What is New: • Academic and behavioral deficits in children with UHL may be mediated by deficiencies in the default mode network. • Published evidence supports the recommendation for hearing aid provision before or at the end of the first year of life in children with UHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Rohlfs
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, 52 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Friedhoff
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, 52 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bohnert
- Department for ENT and Communication Disorders, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Achim Breitfuss
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, 52 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hess
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, 52 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Department of Voice, Speech and Hearing Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse, 52 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Strauch
- KIND Hörgeräte, Erdkampsweg, 55 22335, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Röhrs
- Community Practice for Otorhinolaryngology, Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Pestalozzistraße, 24 22305, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Werner Otto Institut, Bodelschwinghstrasse, 23 22337, Hamburg, Germany
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[Diffusion formation and psychiatric diseases]. Radiologe 2015; 55:782-7. [PMID: 26286437 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-015-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The basic principle behind diffusion is Brownian motion. The diffusion parameters obtained in a clinical association provide information on the spatial distribution of water molecule mobility and, therefore, evidence of the morphological integrity of the white and grey matters of the brain. In recent years functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) could contribute to obtaining a detailed understanding of the cortical and subcortical cerebral networks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigations can demonstrate the extent of anisotropy and the fiber pathways in so-called parametric images. For example, in Alzheimer's disease DTI reveals a reduced structural connectivity between the posterior cingulum and the hippocampus. This article shows examples of the application of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in psychiatric disorders.
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Brain Network Response to Acupuncture Stimuli in Experimental Acute Low Back Pain: An fMRI Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:210120. [PMID: 26161117 PMCID: PMC4487721 DOI: 10.1155/2015/210120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that acupuncture can significantly modulate brain activation patterns in healthy subjects, while only a few studies have examined clinical pain. In the current study, we combined an experimental acute low back pain (ALBP) model and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the neural mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia. All ALBP subjects first underwent two resting state fMRI scans at baseline and during a painful episode and then underwent two additional fMRI scans, once during acupuncture stimulation (ACUP) and once during tactile stimulation (SHAM) pseudorandomly, at the BL40 acupoint. Our results showed that, compared with the baseline, the pain state had higher regional homogeneity (ReHo) values in the pain matrix, limbic system, and default mode network (DMN) and lower ReHo values in frontal gyrus and temporal gyrus; compared with the OFF status, ACUP yielded broad deactivation in subjects, including nearly all of the limbic system, pain status, and DMN, and also evoked numerous activations in the attentional and somatosensory systems; compared with SHAM, we found that ACUP induced more deactivations and fewer activations in the subjects. Multiple brain networks play crucial roles in acupuncture analgesia, suggesting that ACUP exceeds a somatosensory-guided mind-body therapy for ALBP.
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Harris RJ, Bookheimer SY, Cloughesy TF, Kim HJ, Pope WB, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Liau LM, Ellingson BM. Altered functional connectivity of the default mode network in diffuse gliomas measured with pseudo-resting state fMRI. J Neurooncol 2014; 116:373-9. [PMID: 24234804 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore whether brain tumors disrupt the integrity of the default mode network (DMN), a well-characterized resting-state fMRI network. We evaluated whether tumor grade, volume, post-surgical/clinical status, or location decreased the functional connectivity within the DMN in patients with gliomas. Task-based fMRI data was obtained from 68 diffuse glioma patients and 12 healthy volunteers. Pseudo-resting state fMRI data was calculated from task-based fMRI data using standard techniques. Data was preprocessed and DMN integrity was compared across WHO grade, tumor volume surgical status (new vs. recurrent tumors), age, and KPS using univariate and multivariate linear models. WHO grade was the most significant predictor of DMN integrity (P = 0.004), whereas T2 hyperintense lesion volume was not a predictor (P = 0.154). DMN integrity was lower in high-grade (WHO III–IV) compared with low-grade (WHO II) patients (P = 0.020). Tumors in the left parietal lobe showed a more impaired DMN compared with tumors in the frontal lobe, while tumors within and outside the network nodes did not differ significantly. Results suggest higher tumor grade along with prior surgery and/or treatment cause the largest reduction in DMN functional connectivity in patients with primary gliomas, and that tumor location has an impact on connectivity.
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Zhang SS, Wu W, Liu ZP, Huang GZ, Guo SG, Yang JM. Altered regional homogeneity in experimentally induced low back pain: a resting-state fMRI study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2014; 11:115. [PMID: 25080831 PMCID: PMC4237877 DOI: 10.1186/1743-0003-11-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional imaging studies have indicated that patients with low back pain can have significant reductions in cerebral cortex grey matter. However, the mechanisms governing the nociceptive pathways in the human brain are unclear. The aim of this study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate changes in resting-state brain activity in subjects that experienced experimentally induced low back pain. Methods Healthy subjects (n = 15) underwent fMRI (3.0 T) at baseline and during painful stimulation (intramuscular injection of 3% hypertonic saline). Results Compared to the scans conducted at baseline, scans conducted during experimentally induced low back pain showed increased ReHo on the right side in the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, insula, parahippocampal gyrus and cerebellum (posterior lobe), but decreased ReHo in the primary somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal gyrus on the left side. The right inferior parietal lobule also showed a decreased ReHo (P < 0.05, cluster threshold ≥10). Conclusions These findings suggest that abnormally spontaneous resting-state activity in some brain regions may be associated with pain processing. These changes in neural activity may contribute to the recognition, execution, memory and emotional processing of acute low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China.
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Freund W, Faust S, Gaser C, Grön G, Birklein F, Wunderlich AP, Müller M, Billich C, Schütz UH. Regionally accentuated reversible brain grey matter reduction in ultra marathon runners detected by voxel-based morphometry. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2014; 6:4. [PMID: 24438692 PMCID: PMC3896776 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background During the 4,487 km ultra marathon TransEurope-FootRace 2009 (TEFR09), runners showed catabolism with considerable reduction of body weight as well as reversible brain volume reduction. We hypothesized that ultra marathon athletes might have developed changes to grey matter (GM) brain morphology due to the burden of extreme physical training. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) we undertook a cross sectional study and two longitudinal studies. Methods Prior to the start of the race 13 runners volunteered to participate in this study of planned brain scans before, twice during, and 8 months after the race. A group of matched controls was recruited for comparison. Twelve runners were able to participate in the scan before the start of the race and were taken into account for comparison with control persons. Because of drop-outs during the race, VBM could be performed in 10 runners covering the first 3 time points, and in 7 runners who also had the follow-up scan after 8 months. Volumetric 3D datasets were acquired using an MPRAGE sequence. A level of p < 0.05, family-wise corrected for multiple comparisons was the a priori set statistical threshold to infer significant effects from VBM. Results Baseline comparison of TEFR09 participants and controls revealed no significant differences regarding GM brain volume. During the race however, VBM revealed GM volume decreases in regionally distributed brain regions. These included the bilateral posterior temporal and occipitoparietal cortices as well as the anterior cingulate and caudate nucleus. After eight months, GM normalized. Conclusion Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not observe significant differences between TEFR09 athletes and controls at baseline. If this missing difference is not due to small sample size, extreme physical training obviously does not chronically alter GM. However, during the race GM volume decreased in brain regions normally associated with visuospatial and language tasks. The reduction of the energy intensive default mode network as a means to conserve energy during catabolism is discussed. The changes were reversible after 8 months. Despite substantial changes to brain composition during the catabolic stress of an ultra marathon, the observed differences seem to be reversible and adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Freund
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Bolwerk A, Seifert F, Maihöfner C. Altered resting-state functional connectivity in complex regional pain syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:1107-1115.e8. [PMID: 23791136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study explored the functional connectivity between brain regions implicated in the default mode network, the sensorimotor cortex (S1/M1), and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS/MIP) at rest in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. It also investigated how possible alterations are associated with neuropathic pain. Our group used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate functional brain connectivity in 12 complex regional pain syndrome patients in comparison with that in 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Data were analyzed using a seed voxel correlation analysis and an independent component analysis. An analysis of covariance was employed to relate alterations in functional connectivity with clinical symptoms. We found significantly greater reductions in functional default mode network connectivity in patients compared to controls. The functional connectivity maps of S1/M1 and IPS/MIP in patients revealed greater and more diffuse connectivity with other brain regions, mainly with the cingulate cortex, precuneus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. In contrast, controls showed greater intraregional connectivity within S1/M1 and IPS/MIP. Furthermore, there was a trend for correlation between alterations in functional connectivity and intensity of neuropathic pain. In our findings, patients with complex regional pain syndrome have substantial spatial alterations in the functional connectivity between brain regions implicated in the resting-state default mode network, S1/M1, and IPS/MIP; these alterations show a trend of correlation with neuropathic pain intensity. PERSPECTIVE This article presents spatial alterations in the functional resting-state connectivity of complex regional pain syndrome patients. Our results add further insight into the disease states of CRPS and into the functional architecture of the resting state brains of pain patients in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bolwerk
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
Mindfulness-based psychotherapy is rooted in the Far East meditation culture. In the context of psychotherapy mindfulness-based treatment programs mostly include mindfulness as modular components aiming at acceptance of aversive circumstances or emotions and on improvement of metacognitive awareness. Currently there are five mindfulness-based concepts with different proof of effectiveness: mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) can be classified as effective in reducing the risk of relapse in patients with recurrent depression, whereas the popular mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) reveals only small effect sizes. In summary, mindfulness used as one component in modular conceptualized treatment programs seems to be both acceptable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bohus
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Postfach 122120, 68072 Mannheim, Deutschland.
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Abstract
The etiopathology of somatoform disorders can only be understood against the background of an integrated biopsychosocial model. Cultural and historical influences must be taken into account as well as contemporary settings of scientific or medical priorities. In this context the emphasis on neurobiological findings can be interpreted as the non-accidental struggle for legitimacy of both patients and physicians. Altogether the available data on factors influencing the formation and maintenance of somatoform symptoms has to be described as both diverse and unspecific and thus points to a challenging research program in the coming years.
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Otti A, Noll-Hussong M. Acupuncture-induced pain relief and the human brain's default mode network - an extended view of central effects of acupuncture analgesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:197-201. [PMID: 22964986 DOI: 10.1159/000341928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As a complementary medical procedure, acupuncture has a significant impact on the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Though the physiological mechanisms behind this method are still unclear, acupuncture has been claimed to rely also on changes in the central nervous system. Recent functional imaging studies indicate that the so-called default mode network (DMN) which consists of cortical midline structures and lateral parietal regions plays an important role in these processes. This brief overview describes the effects of analgesic acupuncture on the DMN architecture. The stronger interplay between systems dedicated to endogenous analgesia (periaqueductal gray), affective processing (anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala), memory (hippocampus), and self-projective thinking (DMN) following this therapy supports the notion that acupuncture is a mind-body therapy which helps to reintegrate important neural dimensions of inner life and to establish psychophysical pain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otti
- Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Deutschland
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