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Martín J, Padierna Á, Villanueva A, Quintana JM. Evaluation of the mental health of care home staff in the Covid-19 era. What price did care home workers pay for standing by their patients? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1810-1819. [PMID: 34251057 PMCID: PMC8420212 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of this pandemic increase the potential psychological impact on care homes workers (CHWs). The aims of this study were to analyse the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a broad sample of CHWs in Spain and to identify potential factors that have a significant effect on their mental health and HRQoL. METHOD This descriptive study comprised 210 CHWs who completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Impact Event Scale-Revised, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Sociodemographic and clinical data in relation to COVID-19 were also recorded. Descriptive statistics, univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify factors associated with mental health and HRQoL. RESULTS Of total, 86.19% of participants were female; 86.67% were aged under 55 years; 11% were physicians and 64.19% were nurses or auxiliaries; 77.62% have themselves tested positive for Covid-19; and 67.94% of CHWs have directly treated patients with Covid-19. 49.28% had clinical depression; over half (58.57%) had clinical anxiety; 70.95% had clinical stress; and 28.57% had clinical insomnia. Increased use of tranquilizers/sedatives appears to be an explanatory variable of suffering greater anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia, and of having a worse HRQoL amongst our CHWs. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that symptomatology of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and HRQoL were affected amongst CHWs during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Martín
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain,Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain,Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network—REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ángel Padierna
- Department of PsychiatryGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ane Villanueva
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain,Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
| | - José M. Quintana
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain,Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network—REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
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Martín J, Padierna Á, Villanueva A, Quintana JM. Evaluation of the mental health of health professionals in the COVID-19 era. What mental health conditions are our health care workers facing in the new wave of coronavirus? Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14607. [PMID: 34231287 PMCID: PMC8420292 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to analyse the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a broad sample of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Spain and to identify potential factors that have a significant effect on their mental health and HRQoL. METHOD This prospective cohort study comprised 2089 HCWs who completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the health-related quality of life Questionnaire (EQ-5D). Sociodemographic and clinical data in relation to Covid-19 were also recorded. Descriptive statistics, univariable analysis and multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify factors associated with mental health and HRQoL. RESULTS 80.87% of participants were female and 19.13% male; 82.38% were aged under 55 years; 39.13% were physicians and 50.17% were nurses or auxiliaries; 80.42% of the health workers have directly treated patients with Covid-19 and 12.28% have themselves tested positive for Covid-19. 38.58% of HCWs had clinical depression; over half (51.75%) had clinical anxiety; 60.4% had clinical stress; and 21.57% had clinical insomnia. Older professionals (>55 years) reported lower rates of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and stress. Having worked directly with Covid-19 patients appears to be an explanatory variable of suffering greater anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia, and of having a worse HRQoL amongst our HCWs. The group of HCWs suffering the worst mental state were nursing home workers. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that symptomatology of anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, and HRQoL were affected amongst HCW during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Martín
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network – REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ángel Padierna
- Department of PsychiatryGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
| | - Ane Villanueva
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Kronikgune Institute for Health Services ResearchBarakaldoSpain
| | - José M. Quintana
- Research UnitGaldakao‐Usansolo HospitalGaldakaoSpain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Diseases Network – REDISSECGaldakaoSpain
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El-Hage W, Hingray C, Lemogne C, Yrondi A, Brunault P, Bienvenu T, Etain B, Paquet C, Gohier B, Bennabi D, Birmes P, Sauvaget A, Fakra E, Prieto N, Bulteau S, Vidailhet P, Camus V, Leboyer M, Krebs MO, Aouizerate B. [Health professionals facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: What are the mental health risks?]. Encephale 2020; 46:S73-S80. [PMID: 32370984 PMCID: PMC7174182 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectifs La pandémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) a provoqué une crise sanitaire majeure et mis en quarantaine la moitié de la population planétaire. En France, elle a provoqué une réorganisation en urgence de l’offre de soins mobilisant les soignants dans un climat d’incertitude. L’objectif du présent article est de faire le point sur les risques associés à l’exposition des soignants au COVID-19 pour leur santé mentale. Méthodes Les auteurs ont conduit une revue de la littérature internationale tenant compte des données des précédentes épidémies (SARS-CoV-1, H1N1) et des données plus récentes concernant le COVID-19. Résultats Les caractéristiques de cette pandémie (rapidité de diffusion, connaissances incertaines, sévérité, décès de soignants) ont installé un climat anxiogène. Des facteurs organisationnels peuvent être source de stress : déficit d’équipement de protection individuel, réaffectation de postes, manque de communication, manque de matériels de soins, bouleversement de la vie quotidienne familiale et sociale. D’autres facteurs de risque sont identifiés comme l’absence de soutien, la crainte de contaminer un proche, l’isolement ou la stigmatisation sociale, le haut niveau de stress au travail ou les patterns d’attachement insécure. Les soignants ont ainsi un risque augmenté d’anxiété, de dépression, d’épuisement, d’addiction et de trouble de stress post-traumatique. Conclusions Cette crise sanitaire devrait nous aider à mieux comprendre la vulnérabilité des soignants à la souffrance psychologique afin de renforcer les stratégies de prévention primaire et la formation aux enjeux psychologiques des soins, de la relation, et de la gestion des situations de crises sanitaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- W El-Hage
- Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictiologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Inserm, UMR 1253, iBrain, université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - C Hingray
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France
| | - C Lemogne
- Inserm, UMR S1266, université de Paris, institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France; Service de psychiatrie et d'addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, centre-université de Paris, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Yrondi
- Inserm, UPS, service de psychiatrie et de psychologie médicale de l'adulte, centre expert dépression résistante FondaMental, ToNIC Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, université de Toulouse, hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Brunault
- Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictiologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; QualiPsy EE 1901, qualité de vie et santé psychologique, département de psychologie, université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - T Bienvenu
- Pôle de psychiatrie générale et universitaire, centre de référence régional des pathologies anxieuses et de la dépression, université de Bordeaux, CH Charles-Perrens, Bordeaux, France; Neurocentre Magendie, Inserm U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Etain
- Inserm, UMRS 1144, université de Paris, Paris, France; DMU Neurosciences, centre expert troubles bipolaires FondaMental, hôpital Fernand-Widal, AP-HP Nord, Paris, France
| | - C Paquet
- Inserm, UMRS 1144, université de Paris, Paris, France; DMU Neurosciences, centre de neurologie cognitive, hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP Nord, Paris, France
| | - B Gohier
- UPRES, EA 4638, département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - D Bennabi
- Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, centre expert dépression résistante FondaMental, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - P Birmes
- Inserm, UPS, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Sauvaget
- EA 4334, Movement Interactions Performance (MIP), université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - E Fakra
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, pôle universitaire de psychiatrie, équipe PsyR2, centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon, université St-Étienne-Lyon 1, CHU Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - N Prieto
- Service de médecine légale, centre régional de psychotraumatologie Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, groupement hospitalier Édouard-Herriot, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - S Bulteau
- Inserm, U1246, SPHERE, université de Nantes et université de Tours, Nantes, France
| | - P Vidailhet
- Inserm, U1114, centre régional de psychotraumatologie Grand-Est, université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - V Camus
- Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictiologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Inserm, UMR 1253, iBrain, université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - M Leboyer
- DMU IMPACT, département médico-universitaire de psychaitrie et d'addictologie, hôpital H. Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France; Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; UPEC, Inserm, université Paris Est Créteil, U955, équipe 15 Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France
| | - M-O Krebs
- UMR 1266, Inserm, IPNP, CNRS, université Paris Descartes, GDR 3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France; Service hospitalo-universitaire, GHU Paris Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - B Aouizerate
- Pôle de psychiatrie générale et universitaire, centre de référence régional des pathologies anxieuses et de la dépression, université de Bordeaux, CH Charles-Perrens, Bordeaux, France
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