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Valerius K, von Eitzen L, Göbel M, Ohlbrecht H, van den Berg N, Völzke H, Grabe HJ, Schomerus G, Speerforck S. Value-related attitudes towards mental health problems and help-seeking barriers: a sequential mixed-methods design investigating participants with reported depressive episodes in rural Northern Germany with and without treatment experience. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:153. [PMID: 38388350 PMCID: PMC10885433 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeking help for severe depressive symptoms remains a major obstacle for particular groups within the general population. Value-related attitudes might contribute to this treatment gap, particularly in rural regions with a low density of psychiatric-psychotherapeutic services. We aimed to investigate narratives of socialization, value systems, and barriers of help-seeking to better understand social milieus at increased risk for underuse of psychiatric-psychotherapeutic services in a rural area in East Germany. This could complement the explanatory power of classical socio-demographic determinants and provide guidance for possible interventions. METHOD Based on results of an analysis of a population-based German cohort study (SHIP-TREND-1), 20 individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who met criteria for having been moderately or severely depressed at least once in their life. Qualitative analyses of interview data were guided by grounded theory methodology. RESULTS Participants with severe symptoms of depression were more frequent among non-responders of this study. We identified key aspects that influence help-seeking for mental health problems and seem to be characteristic for rural regions: family doctors serve as initial contact points for mental health problems and are considered as alternatives for mental health professionals; norms of traditional masculinity such as being more rational than emotional, needing to endure hardships, embodying strength, and being independent were frequently mentioned as inhibiting help-seeking by middle-aged men; anticipated adverse side-effects of therapy such as worsening of symptoms; a frequently expressed desire for less pathologically perceived treatment options. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that barriers regarding help-seeking in rural regions are multifaceted and seem to be influenced by traditional norms of masculinity. We believe it is critical to strengthen existing and already utilized services such as family doctors and to implement and evaluate tailored interventions targeting the needs of the rural milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Valerius
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Linnéa von Eitzen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirjam Göbel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Ohlbrecht
- Department for Social Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Neeltje van den Berg
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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McLaren T, Peter LJ, Tomczyk S, Muehlan H, Schomerus G, Schmidt S. The differential influence of self-construal on the effect of self-efficacy on the help-seeking process: A quasi-experimental online study among people with untreated depressive symptoms. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 242:104119. [PMID: 38157750 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite available professional healthcare, people often delay or avoid help-seeking. Understanding the underlying reasons is crucial and research has explored the role of self-efficacy in this context. Additionally, studies have highlighted the significance of culturally influenced self-construals in individuals' health behaviour. There seems to be a relationship between self-efficacy and self-construal. The aim of the study is to explore the influence of self-efficacy on help-seeking, considering self-construal as a moderator. Differential experiences of self-efficacy and varying associations among help-seeking variables based on self-construal are posited. METHODS A quasi-experimental online study is conducted with a baseline assessment, including self-efficacy interventions, and follow-ups at three and six months. Self-construal groups are compared, i.e., independent vs. interdependent individuals. A series of multi-group path analyses are conducted to examine potential variations in the interventional effects and among the help-seeking variables respective of help-seeking instance, i.e. professional mental health care or informal care. Self-construal functions as the global moderator. RESULTS The study included N = 1'368 participants, 65.6 % identifying as female and an average age of 42.38 (SD = 15.22). More independent compared to more interdependent individuals were older, more frequently identified as male, had higher socioeconomic status, fewer depressive symptoms, and greater self-efficacy. Multi-group path analyses for professional mental health care (CFI = 0.992, RMSEA = 0.018, SRMR = 0.004) and informal help (CFI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.004, SRMR = 0.006) demonstrated excellent model fits. The analysis for informal help was interpretable, as the unconstrained model had a significantly better fit than the constrained model. There were varying associations among help-seeking variables based on self-construals. The intervention effect was differential, with independent participants benefiting significantly (β = 0.203), while the effect was non-significant for interdependent participants. DISCUSSION The study's findings, strengths, and limitations are discussed in relation to current research. Results indicate differential experiences of self-efficacy interventions based on individuals' self-construal. Moreover, varying associations among help-seeking variables suggest self-construal-based differences in their interrelationships. These findings highlight the importance of considering self-construal in health related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McLaren
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Lina-Jolien Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Tomczyk
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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Helmert C, Speerforck S, Fleischer T, Otten D, Kasinger C, Brähler E, Muehlan H, Altweck L, Hahm S, Schmidt S, Reusche M, Glaesmer H, Hinz A, Reyes N, Wirkner K, Engel C, Schomerus G, Ulke C. Explorative analyses on spatial differences in the desire for social distance toward people with mental illness in a diverging city. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1260118. [PMID: 38026313 PMCID: PMC10665488 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1260118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stigma is an individual and societal process based on attitudes and power and relates to both spatial disparities and social distinction. In this study, we examined differences in desire for social distance toward people with mental illness within a city using social and spatial information. Methods ANOVAs and Scheffé post-hoc tests analyzed varying desires for social distance toward people with mental illness within Leipzig (East Germany). Joint Correspondence Analyses (JCA) explored correspondences between desire for social distance, socio-economic status, age, life orientation, social support, duration of living in Leipzig, and shame toward having a mental illness in five city districts of Leipzig in LIFE study participants (by Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Disease, data collected 2011-2014 and 2018-2021, n = 521). Results Stigma varied among Leipzig's districts (F(df = 4) = 4.52, p = 0.001). JCAs showed that a higher desired social distance toward people with mental illness corresponded with spatial differences, high levels of pessimism, high shame of being mentally ill, low social support, low socio-economic status, and older age (75.74 and 81.22% explained variances). Conclusion In terms of stigma, where people with mental illness live matters. The results identified target groups that should be addressed by appropriate intervention and prevention strategies for mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Helmert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toni Fleischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Danielle Otten
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kasinger
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Altweck
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahm
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department of Health and Prevention, Institute of Psychology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Reusche
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nigar Reyes
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Ulke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Elshaikh U, Sheik R, Saeed RKM, Chivese T, Alsayed Hassan D. Barriers and facilitators of older adults for professional mental health help-seeking: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:516. [PMID: 37626290 PMCID: PMC10463345 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at an increased risk for mental health issues, yet they are less likely to seek professional help. This systematic review aims to identify and summarize literature on the barriers and facilitators that older adults face when seeking professional mental health help. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases including PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, ProQuest central, CINAHL and Scopus to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2021 that focused on barriers and/or facilitators to seeking help for depression, anxiety, and psychological distress among older adults aged 65 years or older. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and results of studies were synthesized guided by the methodological framework of Rodgers and colleagues. RESULTS A total of eight cross-sectional studies, from Australia, United States, Mexico, Netherlands, and Malaysia met the inclusion criteria for this review. Included studies reported that the majority of their participants had anxiety or depression, yet they exhibited a preference for informal mental health help over professional help. Stigma, negative beliefs about mental health professional services, and cost were the most reported barriers. Main reported facilitators were prior positive experience with mental health services and high socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Older adults are in need of interventions normalizing mental health help seeking and ensuring these services are accessible in terms of costs. This should be the focus of policy makers, healthcare providers, and public health practitioners working with older adults. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021238853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usra Elshaikh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rayan Sheik
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raghad Khaled Mohammad Saeed
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tawanda Chivese
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Diana Alsayed Hassan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Kleineberg-Massuthe H, Papst L, Bassler M, Köllner V. Milieu-specific differences in symptom severity and treatment outcome in psychosomatic rehabilitation in Germany. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1198146. [PMID: 37654992 PMCID: PMC10465793 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1198146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies that focused on socioeconomic differences did not comprehensively explain existing inequalities in psychosomatic rehabilitation in Germany. We applied a social milieu approach, which additionally includes sociocultural factors such as lifestyles, attitudes and values, to investigate differences among patients in symptom severity, psychosocial impairment and improvement over the course of the intervention. Methods As a model for social milieus, the empirical Sinus milieus were used. 2,000 patients of two psychosomatic rehabilitation clinics in Germany were included and their milieu was assessed with the Sinus milieu indicator for Germany 10/2018 questionnaire. BDI-II (N = 1,832) and HEALTH-49 (N = 1,829) questionnaires were used to measure depressiveness and psychosocial impairment at admission (T0) and discharge after 5 weeks of treatment (T1). Milieu differences in severity and improvement were analyzed by mixed-model ANOVAs. Results Milieu distribution was not representative of the overall population of Germany. We found significant differences between patients from different milieus in both BDI-II and HEALTH-49 (p < 0.001). Patients from the Precarious Milieu had the highest burden of depressive symptoms in BDI-II and the highest impairment on all HEALTH-49 scales at T0 and T1. Over the course of rehabilitation, patients from all milieus improved significantly in all domains (p < 0.001). Significant interaction effects showed milieu-dependent differences in improvement for depressiveness on the BDI-II [F(9, 1822) = 2.50, p = 0.008] and for three HEALTH-49 scales, namely Psychological well-being [F(9, 1819) = 3.30, padj = 0.005], Interactional difficulties [F(9, 1819) = 2.74, padj = 0.036] and Activity and Participation [F(9, 1819) = 4.94, padj < 0.001], while post-hoc tests only revealed two significant group differences for the last scale. In all domains, patients from the Precarious Milieu retained higher symptoms and impairment at T1 than patients from better-off milieus had at T0. Discussion Social milieu was associated with symptom severity, treatment access and outcome of psychosomatic rehabilitation patients. Milieu-specific sociocultural habits, psychosocial needs and therapeutic demands may help describe differences and should be considered in therapy planning and implementation, to improve equal access, quality and effectiveness of rehabilitation. Therefore, further research on milieu-specific differences and needs is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrika Kleineberg-Massuthe
- Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Centrum für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilia Papst
- Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Centrum für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bassler
- Institute for Social Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Services Research (ISRV), Hochschule Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
- Center for Oncology and Psychosomatics, Rehazentrum Oberharz, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Volker Köllner
- Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Centrum für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatics and Behavioral Psychotherapy, Reha-Zentrum Seehof, Teltow, Germany
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Spahlholz J, Baumann E, Müller-Hilmer R, Hilmer R, Sander C, Schindler S, Speerforck S, Angermeyer MC, Schomerus G. Do values and political attitudes affect help-seeking? Exploring reported help-seeking for mental health problems in a general population sample using a milieu framework. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e49. [PMID: 37539697 PMCID: PMC10465317 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Help-seeking for mental health problems is facilitated and hindered by several factors at the individual, interpersonal and community level. The most frequently researched factors contributing to differences in help-seeking behaviour are based on classical socio-demographic variables, such as age, gender and education, but explanations for the observed differences are often absent or remain vague. The present study complements traditional approaches in help-seeking research by introducing a milieu approach, focusing on values and political attitudes as a possible explanation for differences in help-seeking for emotional mental health problems. METHODS A representative cross-sectional survey of N = 3,042 respondents in Germany was conducted through face-to-face interviews about past help-seeking for mental health problems, socio-demographic characteristics and values and political attitudes. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that belonging to a cosmopolitan intellectual milieu group was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of past help-seeking for mental health issues (psychotherapeutic/psychological help-seeking [OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.11-3.93, p < 0.05) and primary care (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.15-4.24, p < 0.05]), whereas members of individualist and conservative milieu groups were less likely to report having sought help from a psychotherapist, but not from a general practitioner. Increased odds ratios were also found for a number of socio-demographic variables, such as being aged 26 years and over, a female gender and more than 12 years of formal education. Associations between socio-demographic variables remained significant, and the explained variance of the used models improved considerably when milieu variables were added. CONCLUSIONS We discuss how milieu-specific patterns were relevant for explaining differences in mental health service use in addition to socio-demographic factors. It seems promising to consider help-seeking from a milieu perspective to improve disparities in access to and the use of psychotherapy as well as to resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Spahlholz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E. Baumann
- Department of Journalism and Communication Research, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hannover, Germany
| | - R. Müller-Hilmer
- pmg – Policy Matters, Political Research and Consulting mbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Hilmer
- pmg – Policy Matters, Political Research and Consulting mbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Sander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Schindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - G. Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Helmert C, Fleischer T, Speerforck S, Ulke C, Altweck L, Hahm S, Muehlan H, Schmidt S, Grabe HJ, Völzke H, Schomerus G. An explorative cross-sectional analysis of mental health shame and help-seeking intentions in different lifestyles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10825. [PMID: 37402843 PMCID: PMC10319876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify und support particular target groups for mental health prevention, we explore the links between shame and help-seeking intentions concerning mental health in different lifestyles (based on socioeconomic status as well as health-related behaviors). Lifestyles were operationalized by nine confirmatory, homogenous clusters of the sample. These clusters are based on individuals' similarities in sociodemographic aspects and health behavior. Analyses included t tests, Chi-square, ANOVA, regressions investigating in sociodemographic characteristics. Hierarchical linear models examining cross-sectional associations of shame and willingness to seek help for different lifestyles of participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-START-1 and SHIP-START-3, data collected 2002-2006 and 2014-2016; n = 1630). Hierarchical linear models showed small context effects for lifestyle-related associations of shame and willingness to seek help. For younger as well as male participants, lifestyles indicated different associations of shame and help-seeking intentions: Especially the lifestyles with unhealthy behaviors and high as well as low socioeconomic status resulted in higher shame being associated with low help-seeking intentions in case of mental illness. Lifestyle clusters might be a useful tool to identify marginalized groups with unhealthy behaviors, which should be addressed by interventions and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Helmert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Toni Fleischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Ulke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Altweck
- Department of Health and Prevention, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahm
- Department of Health and Prevention, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department of Health and Prevention, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department of Health and Prevention, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Greifswald University, Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Greifswald University, Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Jordan W. Philosophisch-psychiatrische Reflexionen zur Liebe. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2023; 50:S7-S14. [PMID: 37429276 DOI: 10.1055/a-2055-8857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
With reference to a poem "Dialogue between two lovers" and a fable "The Last Love", essential aspects of love are described: love as access to the world, as a path to wisdom, self-knowledge and virtue, love as fear of loss and the desire to merge, love as encounter in dialogue, love as care, love as ecstasy, a feeling of pleasure and happiness. These are based on three theories of love from the beginnings of philosophy in ancient Greece by Plato and Aristotle. In the article they are considered from a philosophical-psychiatric perspective and supplemented by newer interpretations. With the help of a brief description of individual psychiatric disorders, a new understanding of love has been formulated. Ethical reflections on love life in psychiatry suggest that love in psychiatry is subject to a taboo, despite the creative possibilities it offers. Possible causes are discussed at the end. The article encourages thinking about love in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jordan
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum Magdeburg gemeinnützige GmbH
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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9
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von Eitzen L, Valerius K, van den Berg N, Völzke H, Grabe HJ, Schomerus G, Speerforck S. [Sociodemographic and Disorder-Specific Determinants for Professional Help-seeking due to Depression in a Structurally Weak Region - The Important Role of Age]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2021; 48:404-411. [PMID: 34015855 DOI: 10.1055/a-1468-3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study of sociodemographic and disorder-specific determinants of professional help-seeking in lifetime depression. METHODS In the population-based SHIP-Trend-1 study (2016-2019), we assessed N = 490 adults with lifetime depression and their help-seeking behaviour. Gender, socioeconomic status and disorder-specific variables were implemented in age-stratified logistic regression models. RESULTS Men and older adults at the time of the survey sought less help than women and younger people. In the younger and middle age group severity level was associated with professional help-seeking, in the older age group professional help-seeking was more prevalent in case of physical causes for the depression. CONCLUSION We found age-specific differences in the determinants for professional help-seeking. Latent variables like age-specific experiences, values, and life styles may explain those differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa von Eitzen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Karsten Valerius
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | | | - Henry Völzke
- Institut für Community Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Greifswald/Rostock, Standort Greifswald
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
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