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Cheng B, Zhou Q, Li L, Hassan MJ, Zeng W, Peng Y, Li Z. Foliar Application of Chitosan (CTS), γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), or Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Mitigates Summer Bentgrass Decline in the Subtropical Zone. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1773. [PMID: 38999613 PMCID: PMC11244376 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is an excellent cool-season turfgrass that is widely used in urban gardening, landscaping, and golf turf. Triennial field experiments from 2017 to 2019 were conducted to investigate effects of the foliar application of chitosan (CTS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or sodium chloride (NaCl) on mitigating summer bentgrass decline (SBD) and exploring the CTS, GABA, or NaCl regulatory mechanism of tolerance to summer heat stress associated with changes in chlorophyll (Chl) loss and photosynthetic capacity, osmotic adjustment (OA), oxidative damage, and cell membrane stability. The findings demonstrated that persistent ambient high temperatures above 30 °C during the summer months of 2017, 2018, and 2019 significantly reduced the turf quality (TQ), Chl content, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and PIABS), leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential (OP) but significantly increased electrolyte leakage (EL) and the accumulations of free proline, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The foliar application of CTS, GABA, or NaCl could significantly alleviate SBD, as reflected by improved TQ and delayed Chl loss during hot summer months. Heat-induced declines in Fv/Fm, PIABS, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) could be significantly mitigated by the exogenous application of CTS, GABA, or NaCl. In addition, the foliar application of CTS, GABA, or NaCl also significantly improved the accumulations of free proline and WSC but reduced the EL, OP, and H2O2 content and the MDA content in leaves of creeping bentgrass in favor of water and redox homeostasis in summer. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the subordinate function value analysis (SFVA), the CTS had the best effect on the mitigation of SBD, followed by GABA and NaCl in 2017, 2018, and 2019. The current study indicates that the foliar application of an appropriate dose of GABA, CTS, or NaCl provides a cost-effective strategy for mitigating SBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Peng
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.C.); (Q.Z.); (L.L.); (M.J.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (B.C.); (Q.Z.); (L.L.); (M.J.H.); (W.Z.)
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Sapkota S, Catching KE, Raymer PL, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Bahri BA. New Approaches to an Old Problem: Dollar Spot of Turfgrass. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:469-480. [PMID: 34406790 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0505-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dollar spot, caused by fungal pathogens Clarireedia spp. (formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), is the most common and widely distributed disease of turfgrass worldwide. It can drastically reduce the quality of turfgrass species and affect their aesthetic value and playability. Management of dollar spot typically includes a costly program of multiple application of fungicides within a growing season. Consequently, there have been reported cases of fungicide resistance in populations of Clarireedia spp. Host resistance could be an important component of dollar spot management; however, this approach has been hampered by the lack of sources of resistance because nearly all known warm- and cool-season turfgrass species are susceptible. With the recent advancement in genome sequencing technologies, studies on pathogen genomics and host-pathogen interactions are emerging with the hope of revealing candidate resistance genes in turfgrass and genes for virulence and pathogenicity in Clarireedia spp. Large-scale screening of turfgrass germplasm and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for dollar spot resistance are important for resistance breeding, but only a handful of such studies have been conducted to date. This review summarizes currently available information on the dollar spot pathosystem, taxonomy, pathogen genomics, host-pathogen interaction, genetics of resistance, and QTL mapping and also provides some thoughts for future research prospects to better manage this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sapkota
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
| | - Katherine E Catching
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
| | - Paul L Raymer
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
| | | | - Bochra A Bahri
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
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Huang C, Tian Y, Zhang B, Hassan MJ, Li Z, Zhu Y. Chitosan (CTS) Alleviates Heat-Induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and the Heat Shock Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:5337. [PMID: 34500767 PMCID: PMC8434246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that is involved in adaptive response to abiotic stresses. However, the regulatory role of CTS in heat tolerance is still not fully understood in plants, especially in grass species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CTS could reduce heat-induced senescence and damage to creeping bentgrass associated with alterations in antioxidant defense, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, and the heat shock pathway. Plants were pretreated exogenously with or without CTS (0.1 g L-1) before being exposed to normal (23/18 °C) or high-temperature (38/33 °C) conditions for 15 days. Heat stress induced detrimental effects, including declines in leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, but significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and Chl loss in leaves. The exogenous application of CTS significantly alleviated heat-induced damage in creeping bentgrass leaves by ameliorating water balance, ROS scavenging, the maintenance of Chl metabolism, and photosynthesis. Compared to untreated plants under heat stress, CTS-treated creeping bentgrass exhibited a significantly higher transcription level of genes involved in Chl biosynthesis (AsPBGD and AsCHLH), as well as a lower expression level of Chl degradation-related gene (AsPPH) and senescence-associated genes (AsSAG12, AsSAG39, Asl20, and Ash36), thus reducing leaf senescence and enhancing photosynthetic performance under heat stress. In addition, the foliar application of CTS significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), thereby effectively reducing heat-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, heat tolerance regulated by the CTS in creeping bentgrass was also associated with the heat shock pathway, since AsHSFA-6a and AsHSP82 were significantly up-regulated by the CTS during heat stress. The potential mechanisms of CTS-regulated thermotolerance associated with other metabolic pathways still need to be further studied in grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.H.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Yulong Tian
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.H.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.H.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.H.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.H.); (Y.T.); (B.Z.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Yongqun Zhu
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
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Liu T, Liu Z, Li Z, Peng Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Huang L, Liu W, Nie G, He L. Regulation of Heat Shock Factor Pathways by γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Associated with Thermotolerance of Creeping Bentgrass. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194713. [PMID: 31547604 PMCID: PMC6801925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and enhancement of heat shock factor (HSF) pathways are important adaptive responses to heat stress in plants. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating heat tolerance, but it is unclear whether GABA-induced thermotolerance is associated with activation of HSF pathways in plants. In this study, the changes of endogenous GABA level affecting physiological responses and genes involved in HSF pathways were investigated in creeping bentgrass during heat stress. The increase in endogenous GABA content induced by exogenous application of GABA effectively alleviated heat damage, as reflected by higher leaf relative water content, cell membrane stability, photosynthesis, and lower oxidative damage. Contrarily, the inhibition of GABA accumulation by the application of GABA biosynthesis inhibitor further aggravated heat damage. Transcriptional analyses showed that exogenous GABA could significantly upregulate transcript levels of genes encoding heat shock factor HSFs (HSFA-6a, HSFA-2c, and HSFB-2b), heat shock proteins (HSP17.8, HSP26.7, HSP70, and HSP90.1-b1), and ascorbate peroxidase 3 (APX3), whereas the inhibition of GABA biosynthesis depressed these genes expression under heat stress. Our results indicate GABA regulates thermotolerance associated with activation and enhancement of HSF pathways in creeping bentgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhaoqiao Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Liwen He
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Ma Y, Shukla V, Merewitz EB. Transcriptome analysis of creeping bentgrass exposed to drought stress and polyamine treatment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175848. [PMID: 28445484 PMCID: PMC5406032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creeping bentgrass is an important cool-season turfgrass species sensitive to drought. Treatment with polyamines (PAs) has been shown to improve drought tolerance; however, the mechanism is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate transcriptome changes of creeping bentgrass in response to drought and exogenous spermidine (Spd) application using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The high-quality sequences were assembled and 18,682 out of 49,190 (38%) were detected as coding sequences. A total of 22% and 19% of genes were found to be either up- or down-regulated due to drought while 20% and 34% genes were either up- or down- regulated in response to Spd application under drought conditions, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and enrichment analysis were used to interpret the biological processes of transcripts and relative transcript abundance. Enriched or differentially expressed transcripts due to drought stress and/or Spd application were primarily associated with energy metabolism, transport, antioxidants, photosynthesis, signaling, stress defense, and cellular response to water deprivation. This research is the first to provide transcriptome data for creeping bentgrass under an abiotic stress using RNA-Seq analysis. Differentially expressed transcripts identified here could be further investigated for use as molecular markers or for functional analysis in responses to drought and Spd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Ma
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vijaya Shukla
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Merewitz
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Araneda L, Sim SC, Bae JJ, Chakraborty N, Curley J, Chang T, Inoue M, Warnke S, Jung G. Comparative genome analysis between Agrostis stolonifera and members of the Pooideae subfamily, including Brachypodium distachyon. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79425. [PMID: 24244501 PMCID: PMC3823605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera, allotetraploid 2n = 4x = 28) is one of the major cool-season turfgrasses. It is widely used on golf courses due to its tolerance to low mowing and aggressive growth habit. In this study, we investigated genome relationships of creeping bentgrass relative to the Triticeae (a consensus map of Triticum aestivum, T. tauschii, Hordeum vulgare, and H. spontaneum), oat, rice, and ryegrass maps using a common set of 229 EST-RFLP markers. The genome comparisons based on the RFLP markers revealed large-scale chromosomal rearrangements on different numbers of linkage groups (LGs) of creeping bentgrass relative to the Triticeae (3 LGs), oat (4 LGs), and rice (8 LGs). However, we detected no chromosomal rearrangement between creeping bentgrass and ryegrass, suggesting that these recently domesticated species might be closely related, despite their memberships to different Pooideae tribes. In addition, the genome of creeping bentgrass was compared with the complete genome sequence of Brachypodium distachyon in Pooideae subfamily using both sequences of the above-mentioned mapped EST-RFLP markers and sequences of 8,470 publicly available A. stolonifera ESTs (AgEST). We discovered large-scale chromosomal rearrangements on six LGs of creeping bentgrass relative to B. distachyon. Also, a total of 24 syntenic blocks based on 678 orthologus loci were identified between these two grass species. The EST orthologs can be utilized in further comparative mapping of Pooideae species. These results will be useful for genetic improvement of Agrostis species and will provide a better understanding of evolution within Pooideae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Araneda
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sung-Chur Sim
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Joo Bae
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Joe Curley
- Syngenta Seeds, Inc., Stanton, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Taehyun Chang
- School of Ecology & Environmental System, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Maiko Inoue
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott Warnke
- United States Department of Agriculure-Agricultural Research Service, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kubik C, Honig J, Bonos SA. Characterization of 215 simple sequence repeat markers in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Mol Ecol Resour 2011; 11:872-6. [PMID: 21843299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a versatile, cross-pollinated, temperate and perennial turfgrass species. It occurs naturally in a wide variety of habitats and is also cultivated on golf courses, bowling greens and tennis courts worldwide. Isozymes and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) have been used to determine genetic diversity, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) were used to construct a genetic linkage map of this species. In the current report, we developed and characterized 215 unique genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in creeping bentgrass. The SSRs reported here are the first available markers in creeping bentgrass to date. Eight hundred and eighteen alleles were amplified by 215 SSR loci, an average of 3.72 alleles per locus. Fifty-nine per cent of those alleles segregated in a 1:1 Mendelian fashion (P > 0.05). Twenty-two per cent had a distorted segregation ratio (P ≤ 0.05). These SSR markers will be useful for assessing genetic diversity in creeping bentgrass and will be important for the development of genetic linkage maps and identifying quantitative trait loci. These markers could enhance breeding programmes by improving the efficiency of selection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kubik
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd., Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
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Xie W, Zhang X, Cai H, Huang L, Peng Y, Ma X. Genetic maps of SSR and SRAP markers in diploid orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) using the pseudo-testcross strategy. Genome 2011; 54:212-21. [PMID: 21423284 DOI: 10.1139/g10-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is one of the most important cool-season forage grasses commonly grown throughout the temperate regions of the world. The objective of this work was to construct a diploid (2n = 2x = 14) orchardgrass genetic linkage map useful as a framework for basic genetic studies and plant breeding. A combination of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers were used for map construction. The linkage relationships among 164 SSRs and 108 SRAPs, assayed in a pseudo-testcross F1 segregating population generated from a cross between two diploid parents, were used to construct male (01996) and female (YA02-103) parental genetic maps. The paternal genetic map contains 90 markers (57 SSRs and 33 SRAPs) over 9 linkage groups (LGs), and the maternal genetic map is composed of 87 markers (54 SSRs and 33 SRAPs) assembled over 10 LGs. The total map distance of the male map is 866.7 centimorgans (cM), representing 81% genome coverage, whereas the female map spans 772.0 cM, representing 75% coverage. The mean map distance between markers is 9.6 cM in the male map and 8.9 cM in the female map. About 14% of the markers remained unassigned. The level of segregation distortion observed in this cross was 15%. Homology between the two maps was established between five LGs of the male map and five LGs of the female map using 10 bridging markers. The information presented in this study establishes a foundation for extending genetic mapping in this species, serves as a framework for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and provides basic information for future molecular breeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Xie
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
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Dinler G, Budak H. Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Agrostis species obtained using sequence related amplified polymorphism. Biochem Genet 2008; 46:663-76. [PMID: 18726683 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-008-9181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bentgrass (Agrostis spp.), a genus of the Poaceae family, consists of more than 200 species and is mainly used in athletic fields and golf courses. Creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.) is the most commonly used species in maintaining golf courses, followed by colonial bentgrass (A. capillaris L.) and velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.). The presence and nature of sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) at the cDNA level were investigated. We isolated 80 unique cDNA fragment bands from these species using 56 SRAP primer combinations. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones and analysis of putative translation products revealed that some encoded amino acid sequences were similar to proteins involved in DNA synthesis, transcription, and signal transduction. The cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene (GenBank accession no. EB812822) was also identified from velvet bentgrass, and the corresponding protein sequence is further analyzed due to its critical role in many cellular processes. The partial peptide sequence obtained was 112 amino acids long, presenting a high degree of homology to parts of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of cytosolic phosphorylating GAPDH (GapC). The existence of common expressed sequence tags (ESTs) revealed by a minimum evolutionary dendrogram among the Agrostis ESTs indicated the usefulness of SRAP for comparative genome analysis of transcribed genes in the grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Dinler
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biological Science and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla-Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
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Chang SW, Jung G. The first linkage map of the plant-pathogenic basidiomyceteTyphula ishikariensis. Genome 2008; 51:128-36. [DOI: 10.1139/g07-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Speckled snow mold, caused by the basidiomycete Typhula ishikariensis Imai, is one of the most prominent winter diseases on perennial grasses and cereal crops in the northern hemisphere. The first linkage map of T. ishikariensis was constructed using a population of 93 sibling monokaryons derived from a single dikaryotic hybrid isolate that was created by a hyphal fusion of two monokaryotic parental isolates. The parental isolates were produced from a pathogenic dikaryotic isolate collected from a golf course in Wisconsin. The two parents exhibit significant differences in the production of aerial mycelium and sclerotia, and in their aggressiveness on creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.). A total of 251 loci were mapped, comprising 89 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 160 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers along with 2 phenotype-based mating-type (MAT) loci. The MAT loci were mapped on linkage groups (LGs) 1 and 7. The markers were evenly distributed over 7 LGs, covering 436 cM with an average marker interval of 2.2 cM. Seven chromosomes were cytologically observed using germ tube bursting methods with acetocarmine staining. This reference linkage map of T. ishikariensis should provide a framework for the mapping of quantitatively controlled traits such as fungal growth, survival, and virulence/avirulence under low temperatures. The map should also be utilized for studying the genome organization of the cold-loving plant-pathogenic Typhula spp. and for comparative genome analysis among fungal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - G. Jung
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Sim S, Diesburg K, Casler M, Jung G. Mapping and Comparative Analysis of QTL for Crown Rust Resistance in an Italian x Perennial Ryegrass Population. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2007; 97:767-776. [PMID: 18943608 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-97-6-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolli) is a serious fungal foliar disease of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.), which are important forage and turf species. A number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for crown rust resistance previously were identified in perennial ryegrass under growth chamber or greenhouse conditions. In this study, we conducted a QTL mapping for crown rust resistance in a three-generation Italian x perennial ryegrass interspecific population under natural field conditions at two locations over 2 years. Through a comparative mapping analysis, we also investigated the syntenic relationships of previously known crown rust resistance genes in other ryegrass germplasms and oat, and genetic linkage between crown rust resistance QTL and three lignin genes: LpOMT1, LpCAD2, and LpCCR1. The interspecific mapping population of 156 progeny was developed from a cross between two Italian x perennial ryegrass hybrids, MFA and MFB. Because highly susceptible reactions to crown rust were observed from all perennial ryegrass clones, including two grandparental clones and eight clones from different pedigrees tested in this study, two grandparent clones from Italian ryegrass cv. Floregon appeared to be a source of the resistance. Two QTL on linkage groups (LGs) 2 and 7 in the resistant parent MFA map were detected consistently regardless of year and location. The others, specific to year and location, were located on LGs 3 and 6 in the susceptible parent MFB map. The QTL on LG2 was likely to correspond to those previously reported in three unrelated perennial ryegrass mapping populations; however, the other QTL on LGs 3, 6, and 7 were not. The QTL on LG7 was closely located in the syntenic genomic region where genes Pca cluster, Pcq2, Pc38, and Prq1b resistant to crown rust (P. coronata f. sp. avenae) in oat (Avena sativa L.) were previously identified. Similarly, the QTL on LG3 was found in a syntenic region with oat genes resistant to crown rust isolates PC54 and PC59. This indicates that the ortholoci for resistance genes to different formae speciales of crown rust might be present between two distantly related grass species, ryegrass and oat. In addition, we mapped four restriction fragment length polymorphism loci for three key ryegrass lignin genes encoding caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and cinnamoyl CoA-reductase on LG7. These loci were within a range of 8 to 17 centimorgans from the QTL on LG7, suggesting no tight linkage between them. The putative ortholoci for those lignin biosynthesis genes were identified on segments of rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosomes 6 and 8, which are the counterparts of ryegrass LG7. Results from the current study facilitate understanding of crown rust resistance and its relationship with lignin biosynthesis, and also will benefit ryegrass breeders for improving crown rust resistance through marker-assisted selection.
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Rotter D, Bharti AK, Li HM, Luo C, Bonos SA, Bughrara S, Jung G, Messing J, Meyer WA, Rudd S, Warnke SE, Belanger FC. Analysis of EST sequences suggests recent origin of allotetraploid colonial and creeping bentgrasses. Mol Genet Genomics 2007; 278:197-209. [PMID: 17497174 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-007-0240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in plant genomics have permitted the analysis of several members of the grass family, including the major domesticated species, and provided new insights into the evolution of the major crops on earth. Two members, colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) and creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.) have only recently been domesticated and provide an interesting case of polyploidy and comparison to crops that have undergone human selection for thousands of years. As an initial step of characterizing these genomes, we have sampled roughly 10% of their gene content, thereby also serving as a starting point for the construction of their physical and genetic maps. Sampling mRNA from plants subjected to environmental stress showed a remarkable increase in transcription of transposable elements. Both colonial and creeping bentgrass are allotetraploids and are considered to have one genome in common, designated the A2 genome. Analysis of conserved genes present among the ESTs suggests the colonial and creeping bentgrass A2 genomes diverged from a common ancestor approximately 2.2 million years ago (MYA), thereby providing an enhanced evolutionary zoom in respect to the origin of maize, which formed 4.8 MYA, and tetraploid wheat, which formed only 0.5 MYA and is the progenitor of domesticated hexaploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rotter
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology and The Biotechnology Center for Agriculture & the Environment, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Chakraborty N, Curley J, Warnke S, Casler MD, Jung G. Mapping QTL for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 113:1421-35. [PMID: 16969681 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F. T. Bennett is the most economically important turf disease on golf courses in North America. Dollar spot resistance in a creeping bentgrass cultivar would greatly reduce the frequency, costs, and environmental impacts of fungicide application. Little work has been done to understand the genetics of resistance to dollar spot in creeping bentgrass. Therefore, QTL analysis was used to determine the location, number and effects of genomic regions associated with dollar spot resistance in the field. To meet this objective, field inoculations using a single isolate were performed over 2 years and multiple locations using progeny of a full sib mapping population '549 x 372'. Dollar spot resistance seems to be inherited quantitatively and broad sense heritability for resistance was estimated to be 0.88. We have detected one QTL with large effect on linkage group 7.1 with LOD values ranging from 3.4 to 8.6 and explaining 14-36% of the phenotypic variance. Several smaller effect QTL specific to rating dates, locations and years were also detected. The association of the tightly linked markers with the LG 7.1 QTL based on 106 progeny was further examined by single marker analysis on all 697 progeny. The high significance of the QTL on LG 7.1 at a sample size of 697 (P < 0.0001), along with its consistency across locations, years and ratings dates, indicated that it was stable over environments. Markers tightly linked to the QTL can be utilized for marker-assisted selection in future bentgrass breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chakraborty
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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