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Wolfgang A, Temme N, Tilcher R, Berg G. Understanding the sugar beet holobiont for sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151052. [PMID: 37138624 PMCID: PMC10149816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of crop-associated microbiomes for the health and field performance of plants has been demonstrated in the last decades. Sugar beet is the most important source of sucrose in temperate climates, and-as a root crop-yield heavily depends on genetics as well as on the soil and rhizosphere microbiomes. Bacteria, fungi, and archaea are found in all organs and life stages of the plant, and research on sugar beet microbiomes contributed to our understanding of the plant microbiome in general, especially of microbiome-based control strategies against phytopathogens. Attempts to make sugar beet cultivation more sustainable are increasing, raising the interest in biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests, biofertilization and -stimulation as well as microbiome-assisted breeding. This review first summarizes already achieved results on sugar beet-associated microbiomes and their unique traits, correlating to their physical, chemical, and biological peculiarities. Temporal and spatial microbiome dynamics during sugar beet ontogenesis are discussed, emphasizing the rhizosphere formation and highlighting knowledge gaps. Secondly, potential or already tested biocontrol agents and application strategies are discussed, providing an overview of how microbiome-based sugar beet farming could be performed in the future. Thus, this review is intended as a reference and baseline for further sugar beet-microbiome research, aiming to promote investigations in rhizosphere modulation-based biocontrol options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wolfgang
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Nora Temme
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Einbeck, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gabriele Berg
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Wang X, Yao Z, Huang H, Liang Y, Liu Y. The long-term persistence of transgenic volunteers in wild mustard and rice populations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:252-256. [PMID: 35930937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The undesired presence of GM plants outside of cultivation is one of main concerns for the ecological risk assessment and regulation of GM plants, and how long transgenic volunteers can persist in the nature remains unknown. We conducted two long-term coexistence experiments of Bt-transgenic insect-resistant crops in populations of their wild relatives, using Bt-transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in wild mustard (B. juncea) populations from 2012 to 2019, and Bt-transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) in wild rice (O. rufipogon and O. minuta) populations from 2013 to 2019. Transgenic oilseed rape volunteers survived only in the 2012 winter, because it is a spring variety and not be resistant to cold climate and competition from weeds. Transgenic rice was not survived because of its low competitive ability compared to wild rice, but survived five years in one population of wild rice O. minuta who could not tolerant to cold temperature. Our results indicated that transgenic volunteers can persist in the wild populations under natural conditions, but the fate of transgenic volunteers in the nature depends on whether the growth environment is favorable, and they could not disperse over its niche or "tolerance zone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Process and Functional Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhi Yao
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Process and Functional Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Hai Huang
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Process and Functional Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Yuyong Liang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Process and Functional Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Butcher CL, Rubin BY, Anderson SL, Lewis JD. Long-Distance Pollen Dispersal in Urban Green Roof and Ground-Level Habitats. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.790464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-distance pollen dispersal is critical for gene flow in plant populations, yet pollen dispersal patterns in urban habitats such as green roofs have not been extensively studied. Pollen dispersal patterns typically are assessed either by fitting non-linear models to the relationship between the degree of pollen dispersal and distance to the pollen source (i.e., curve fitting), or by fitting probability density functions (PDFs) to pollen dispersal probability histograms (i.e., PDF fitting). Studies using curve fitting typically report exponential decay patterns in pollen dispersal. However, PDF fitting typically produces more fat-tailed distributions, suggesting the exponential decay may not be the best fitting model. Because the two approaches may yield conflicting results, we used both approaches to examine pollen dispersal patterns in the wind-pollinated Amaranthus tuberculatus and the insect-pollinated Solanum lycopersicum at two green roof and two ground-level sites in the New York (NY, United States) metropolitan area. For the curve fitting analyses, the exponential decay and inverse power curves provided good fits to pollen dispersal patterns across both green roof and ground-level sites for both species. Similar patterns were observed with the PDF fitting analyses, where the exponential or inverse Gaussian were the top PDF at most sites for both species. While the curve fitting results are consistent with other studies, the results differ from most studies using PDF fitting, where long-distance pollen dispersal is more common than we observed. These results highlight the need for further research to compare curve and PDF fitting for predicting pollen dispersal patterns. And, critically, while long-distance pollen dispersal may be an important component of overall pollen dispersal for A. tuberculatus and S. lycopersicum in both urban green roof and ground-level sites, our results suggest it potentially may occur to a lesser extent compared with plants in less-urban areas.
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Fedorova MI, Kozar EG, Vetrova SA, Zayachkovskyi VA, Stepanov VA. Factors to affect inbred beet plants while developing material for linear selection. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering its capacities, the generative system of Beta vulgaris L. is regarded as highly productive. While inbreeding, the reproductive potential of cross-pollinated beet plants with gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) changes significantly and is determined by a joint effect of multiple factors including the level of inbred depression. In the present study, original data have been obtained revealing relationships between inbred beet seed productivity, its self-incompatibility and microgametophyte parameters, which is crucial for developing and maintaining constant fertile beet lines. It has been discovered that inbred depression increases the number of sterile microgametes and anomalous pollen grains, reduces pollen fertility and the length of pollen tubes. As a result, the seed yield in inbred beet progeny, including SI ones, reduces significantly just after the third inbreeding. At the same time, highly productive inbred beet is characterized by a lower rate of pollen tube growth in vitro. In inbred plants, there is no close relationship between pollen viability and seed productivity, because the elimination of germinated male gametes and degeneration of seed embryos may go over the entire period of fertilization starting its progamic phase. The SI plants have more degenerating embryos than self-fertile ones, but seed vessel outgrowth in the seeds with abortive embryos makes them morphologically similar to fertile seeds. For that reason, when assessing inbred beet plants based on their self-incompatibility/self-fertility, one should consider the qualitative characteristics of the seeds. Using the method of recurrent selection based on such factors as seed productivity, pollen tube length and field germination rate increase the output of plant forms with a potentially high self-compatibility in their progeny. To support such genotypes in the progeny, one has to, starting from the third inbreeding, perform sib crossing to reduce the negative effect of inbred depression and self-incompatibility.
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Millwood R, Nageswara-Rao M, Ye R, Terry-Emert E, Johnson CR, Hanson M, Burris JN, Kwit C, Stewart CN. Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic to non-transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in the field. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:40. [PMID: 28464851 PMCID: PMC5414321 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Switchgrass is C4 perennial grass species that is being developed as a cellulosic bioenergy feedstock. It is wind-pollinated and considered to be an obligate outcrosser. Genetic engineering has been used to alter cell walls for more facile bioprocessing and biofuel yield. Gene flow from transgenic cultivars would likely be of regulatory concern. In this study we investigated pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic to nontransgenic switchgrass in a 3-year field experiment performed in Oliver Springs, Tennessee, U.S.A. using a modified Nelder wheel design. The planted area (0.6 ha) contained sexually compatible pollen source and pollen receptor switchgrass plants. One hundred clonal switchgrass 'Alamo' plants transgenic for an orange-fluorescent protein (OFP) and hygromycin resistance were used as the pollen source; whole plants, including pollen, were orange-fluorescent. To assess pollen movement, pollen traps were placed at 10 m intervals from the pollen-source plot in the four cardinal directions extending to 20 m, 30 m, 30 m, and 100 m to the north, south, west, and east, respectively. To assess pollination rates, nontransgenic 'Alamo 2' switchgrass clones were planted in pairs adjacent to pollen traps. RESULTS In the eastward direction there was a 98% decrease in OFP pollen grains from 10 to 100 m from the pollen-source plot (Poisson regression, F1,8 = 288.38, P < 0.0001). At the end of the second and third year, 1,820 F1 seeds were collected from pollen recipient-plots of which 962 (52.9%) germinated and analyzed for their transgenic status. Transgenic progeny production detected in each pollen-recipient plot decreased with increased distance from the edge of the transgenic plot (Poisson regression, F1,15 = 12.98, P < 0.003). The frequency of transgenic progeny detected in the eastward plots (the direction of the prevailing wind) ranged from 79.2% at 10 m to 9.3% at 100 m. CONCLUSIONS In these experiments we found transgenic pollen movement and hybridization rates to be inversely associated with distance. However, these data suggest pollen-mediated gene flow is likely to occur up to, at least, 100 m. This study gives baseline data useful to determine isolation distances and other management practices should transgenic switchgrass be grown commercially in relevant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Millwood
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.,Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001, MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Rongjian Ye
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ellie Terry-Emert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chelsea R Johnson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Micaha Hanson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jason N Burris
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Charles Kwit
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 274 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Schütte G, Eckerstorfer M, Rastelli V, Reichenbecher W, Restrepo-Vassalli S, Ruohonen-Lehto M, Saucy AGW, Mertens M. Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2017; 29:5. [PMID: 28163993 PMCID: PMC5250645 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are among the main drivers of biodiversity loss. The analysed data and experiences do not support statements that herbicide-resistant crops provide consistently better yields than conventional crops or reduce herbicide amounts. They rather show that the adoption of herbicide-resistant crops impacts agronomy, agricultural practice, and weed management and contributes to biodiversity loss in several ways: (i) many studies show that glyphosate-based herbicides, which were commonly regarded as less harmful, are toxic to a range of aquatic organisms and adversely affect the soil and intestinal microflora and plant disease resistance; the increased use of 2,4-D or dicamba, linked to new herbicide-resistant crops, causes special concerns. (ii) The adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has reduced crop rotation and favoured weed management that is solely based on the use of herbicides. (iii) Continuous herbicide resistance cropping and the intensive use of glyphosate over the last 20 years have led to the appearance of at least 34 glyphosate-resistant weed species worldwide. Although recommended for many years, farmers did not counter resistance development in weeds by integrated weed management, but continued to rely on herbicides as sole measure. Despite occurrence of widespread resistance in weeds to other herbicides, industry rather develops transgenic crops with additional herbicide resistance genes. (iv) Agricultural management based on broad-spectrum herbicides as in herbicide-resistant crops further decreases diversity and abundance of wild plants and impacts arthropod fauna and other farmland animals. Taken together, adverse impacts of herbicide-resistant crops on biodiversity, when widely adopted, should be expected and are indeed very hard to avoid. For that reason, and in order to comply with international agreements to protect and enhance biodiversity, agriculture needs to focus on practices that are more environmentally friendly, including an overall reduction in pesticide use. (Pesticides are used for agricultural as well non-agricultural purposes. Most commonly they are used as plant protection products and regarded as a synonym for it and so also in this text.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Schütte
- FSP BIOGUM Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Eckerstorfer
- Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria (EAA), Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Rastelli
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfram Reichenbecher
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Konstantinstrasse 110, 53179 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Marja Ruohonen-Lehto
- Natural Environment Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), PO Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Martha Mertens
- Institut für Biodiversität–Netzwerk e.V. (ibn), Nußbergerstr. 6a, 93059 Regensburg, Germany
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Sánchez MA, Cid P, Navarrete H, Aguirre C, Chacón G, Salazar E, Prieto H. Outcrossing potential between 11 important genetically modified crops and the Chilean vascular flora. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:625-637. [PMID: 26052925 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of genetically modified (GM) crops on biodiversity is one of the main concerns in an environmental risk assessment (ERA). The likelihood of outcrossing and pollen-mediated gene flow from GM crops and non-GM crops are explained by the same principles and depend primarily on the biology of the species. We conducted a national-scale study of the likelihood of outcrossing between 11 GM crops and vascular plants in Chile by use of a systematized database that included cultivated, introduced and native plant species in Chile. The database included geographical distributions and key biological and agronomical characteristics for 3505 introduced, 4993 native and 257 cultivated (of which 11 were native and 246 were introduced) plant species. Out of the considered GM crops (cotton, soya bean, maize, grape, wheat, rice, sugar beet, alfalfa, canola, tomato and potato), only potato and tomato presented native relatives (66 species total). Introduced relative species showed that three GM groups were formed having: a) up to one introduced relative (cotton and soya bean), b) up to two (rice, grape, maize and wheat) and c) from two to seven (sugar beet, alfalfa, canola, tomato and potato). In particular, GM crops presenting introduced noncultivated relative species were canola (1 relative species), alfalfa (up to 4), rice (1), tomato (up to 2) and potato (up to 2). The outcrossing potential between species [OP; scaled from 'very low' (1) to 'very high' (5)] was developed, showing medium OPs (3) for GM-native relative interactions when they occurred, low (2) for GMs and introduced noncultivated and high (4) for the grape-Vitis vinifera GM-introduced cultivated interaction. This analytical tool might be useful for future ERA for unconfined GM crop release in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sánchez
- Asociación Gremial ChileBio CropLife, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cid
- Biotechnology Laboratory, La Platina Research Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto Navarrete
- Molecular Fruit Phytopathology Laboratory, Facultad Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Aguirre
- Biotechnology Laboratory, La Platina Research Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Chacón
- Computer Sciences Laboratory, La Platina Research Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erika Salazar
- Genetic Resources Unit and Germplasm Bank, La Platina Research Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto Prieto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, La Platina Research Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Gressel J. Dealing with transgene flow of crop protection traits from crops to their relatives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:658-667. [PMID: 24977384 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genes regularly move within species, to/from crops, as well as to their con- specific progenitors, feral and weedy forms ('vertical' gene flow). Genes occasionally move to/from crops and their distantly related, hardly sexually interbreeding relatives, within a genus or among closely related genera (diagonal gene flow). Regulators have singled out transgene flow as an issue, yet non-transgenic herbicide resistance traits pose equal problems, which cannot be mitigated. The risks are quite different from genes flowing to natural (wild) ecosystems versus ruderal and agroecosystems. Transgenic herbicide resistance poses a major risk if introgressed into weedy relatives; disease and insect resistance less so. Technologies have been proposed to contain genes within crops (chloroplast transformation, male sterility) that imperfectly prevent gene flow by pollen to the wild. Containment does not prevent related weeds from pollinating crops. Repeated backcrossing with weeds as pollen parents results in gene establishment in the weeds. Transgenic mitigation relies on coupling crop protection traits in a tandem construct with traits that lower the fitness of the related weeds. Mitigation traits can be morphological (dwarfing, no seed shatter) or chemical (sensitivity to a chemical used later in a rotation). Tandem mitigation traits are genetically linked and will move together. Mitigation traits can also be spread by inserting them in multicopy transposons which disperse faster than the crop protection genes in related weeds. Thus, there are gene flow risks mainly to weeds from some crop protection traits; risks that can and should be dealt with.
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Rieux A, Soubeyrand S, Bonnot F, Klein EK, Ngando JE, Mehl A, Ravigne V, Carlier J, de Lapeyre de Bellaire L. Long-distance wind-dispersal of spores in a fungal plant pathogen: estimation of anisotropic dispersal kernels from an extensive field experiment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103225. [PMID: 25116080 PMCID: PMC4130500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its biological significance, determining the dispersal kernel (i.e., the distribution of dispersal distances) of spore-producing pathogens is essential. Here, we report two field experiments designed to measure disease gradients caused by sexually- and asexually-produced spores of the wind-dispersed banana plant fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Gradients were measured during a single generation and over 272 traps installed up to 1000 m along eight directions radiating from a traceable source of inoculum composed of fungicide-resistant strains. We adjusted several kernels differing in the shape of their tail and tested for two types of anisotropy. Contrasting dispersal kernels were observed between the two types of spores. For sexual spores (ascospores), we characterized both a steep gradient in the first few metres in all directions and rare long-distance dispersal (LDD) events up to 1000 m from the source in two directions. A heavy-tailed kernel best fitted the disease gradient. Although ascospores distributed evenly in all directions, average dispersal distance was greater in two different directions without obvious correlation with wind patterns. For asexual spores (conidia), few dispersal events occurred outside of the source plot. A gradient up to 12.5 m from the source was observed in one direction only. Accordingly, a thin-tailed kernel best fitted the disease gradient, and anisotropy in both density and distance was correlated with averaged daily wind gust. We discuss the validity of our results as well as their implications in terms of disease diffusion and management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Soubeyrand
- INRA, UR546 Biostatistics and Spatial Processes (BioSP), Avignon, France
| | | | - Etienne K. Klein
- INRA, UR546 Biostatistics and Spatial Processes (BioSP), Avignon, France
| | - Josue E. Ngando
- Centre Africain de Recherches sur Bananiers et Plantains (CARBAP) – Njombe, Cameroon
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Arnaud JF, Fénart S, Cordellier M, Cuguen J. Populations of weedy crop-wild hybrid beets show contrasting variation in mating system and population genetic structure. Evol Appl 2010; 3:305-18. [PMID: 25567926 PMCID: PMC3352460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits are key parameters for the evolution of invasiveness in weedy crop–wild hybrids. In Beta vulgaris, cultivated beets hybridize with their wild relatives in the seed production areas, giving rise to crop–wild hybrid weed beets. We investigated the genetic structure, the variation in first-year flowering and the variation in mating system among weed beet populations occurring within sugar beet production fields. No spatial genetic structure was found for first-year populations composed of F1 crop–wild hybrid beets. In contrast, populations composed of backcrossed weed beets emerging from the seed bank showed a strong isolation-by-distance pattern. Whereas gametophytic self-incompatibility prevents selfing in wild beet populations, all studied weed beet populations had a mixed-mating system, plausibly because of the introgression of the crop-derived Sf gene that disrupts self-incompatibility. No significant relationship between outcrossing rate and local weed beet density was found, suggesting no trends for a shift in the mating system because of environmental effects. We further reveal that increased invasiveness of weed beets may stem from positive selection on first-year flowering induction depending on the B gene inherited from the wild. Finally, we discuss the practical and applied consequences of our findings for crop-weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Fénart
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Cordellier
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Joël Cuguen
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8016, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Colbach N, Darmency H, Tricault Y. Identifying key life-traits for the dynamics and gene flow in a weedy crop relative: Sensitivity analysis of the GeneSys simulation model for weed beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). Ecol Modell 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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