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Qiao P, Li X, Liu D, Lu S, Zhi L, Rysbekova A, Chen L, Hu YG. Mining novel genomic regions and candidate genes of heading and flowering dates in bread wheat by SNP- and haplotype-based GWAS. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:76. [PMID: 37873506 PMCID: PMC10587053 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global staple crop vital for human nutrition. Heading date (HD) and flowering date (FD) are critical traits influencing wheat growth, development, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. A comprehensive study were conducted involving 190 bread wheat accessions to unravel the genetic basis of HD and FD using high-throughput genotyping and multi-environment field trials. Seven independent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified to be significantly associated with HD and FD using two GWAS methods, which explained a proportion of phenotypic variance ranging from 1.43% to 9.58%. Notably, QTLs overlapping with known vernalization genes Vrn-D1 were found, validating their roles in regulating flowering time. Moreover, novel QTLs on chromosome 2A, 5B, 5D, and 7B associated with HD and FD were identified. The effects of these QTLs on HD and FD were confirmed in an additional set of 74 accessions across different environments. An increase in the frequency of alleles associated with early flowering in cultivars released in recent years was also observed, suggesting the influence of molecular breeding strategies. In summary, this study enhances the understanding of the genetic regulation of HD and FD in bread wheat, offering valuable insights into crop improvement for enhanced adaptability and productivity under changing climatic conditions. These identified QTLs and associated markers have the potential to improve wheat breeding programs in developing climate-resilient varieties to ensure food security. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01422-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfang Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Dezheng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Shan Lu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Zhi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Aiman Rysbekova
- S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro-Technical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yin-gang Hu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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2
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Gao J, Hu X, Gao C, Chen G, Feng H, Jia Z, Zhao P, Yu H, Li H, Geng Z, Fu J, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Yang B, Pang Z, Xiang D, Jia J, Su H, Mao H, Lan C, Chen W, Yan W, Gao L, Yang W, Li Q. Deciphering genetic basis of developmental and agronomic traits by integrating high-throughput optical phenotyping and genome-wide association studies in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1966-1977. [PMID: 37392004 PMCID: PMC10502759 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits such as dynamic growth and yield potential is a major challenge in crops. Monitoring the growth throughout growing season in a large wheat population to uncover the temporal genetic controls for plant growth and yield-related traits has so far not been explored. In this study, a diverse wheat panel composed of 288 lines was monitored by a non-invasive and high-throughput phenotyping platform to collect growth traits from seedling to grain filling stage and their relationship with yield-related traits was further explored. Whole genome re-sequencing of the panel provided 12.64 million markers for a high-resolution genome-wide association analysis using 190 image-based traits and 17 agronomic traits. A total of 8327 marker-trait associations were detected and clustered into 1605 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) including a number of known genes or QTLs. We identified 277 pleiotropic QTLs controlling multiple traits at different growth stages which revealed temporal dynamics of QTLs action on plant development and yield production in wheat. A candidate gene related to plant growth that was detected by image traits was further validated. Particularly, our study demonstrated that the yield-related traits are largely predictable using models developed based on i-traits and provide possibility for high-throughput early selection, thus to accelerate breeding process. Our study explored the genetic architecture of growth and yield-related traits by combining high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping, which further unravelled the complex and stage-specific contributions of genetic loci to optimize growth and yield in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chunyan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hui Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Peimin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haiyang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huaiwen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zedong Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jingbo Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yikeng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Bo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhanghan Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council CanadaSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Jizeng Jia
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Crop Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Handong Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hailiang Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Caixia Lan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenhao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Crop Sciences (CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- The Center of Crop NanobiotechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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3
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Farhad M, Tripathi SB, Singh RP, Joshi AK, Bhati PK, Vishwakarma MK, Kumar U. GWAS for Early-Establishment QTLs and Their Linkage to Major Phenology-Affecting Genes ( Vrn, Ppd, and Eps) in Bread Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1507. [PMID: 37510411 PMCID: PMC10378780 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmers in northern and central Indian regions prefer to plant wheat early in the season to take advantage of the remaining soil moisture. By planting crops before the start of the season, it is possible to extend the time frame for spring wheat. The early-wheat-establishment experiment began in the 2017 growing season at the Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) in Ludhiana, India, and, after three years of intensive study, numerous agronomic, physiological, and yield data points were gathered. This study aimed to identify wheat lines suitable for early establishment through an analysis of the agro-morphological traits and the genetic mapping of associated genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Advancing the planting schedule by two-three weeks proved to be advantageous in terms of providing a longer duration for crop growth and reducing the need for irrigation. This is attributed to the presence of residual soil moisture resulting from the monsoon season. Early sowing facilitated the selection of genotypes able to withstand early elevated temperatures and a prolonged phenological period. The ideotype, which includes increased photo-growing degree days for booting and heading, as well as a longer grain-filling period, is better suited to early planting than timely planting. Senescence was delayed in combination with a slower rate of canopy temperature rise, which was an excellent trait for early-adapted ideotypes. Thus, a novel approach to wheat breeding would include a screening of genotypes for early planting and an ideotype design with consistent and appropriate features. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed multiple QTLs linked to early adaptation in terms of the yield and its contributing traits. Among them, 44 novel QTLs were also found along with known loci. Furthermore, the study discovered that the phenology regulatory genes, such as Vrn and Ppd, are in the same genomic region, thereby contributing to early adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Farhad
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Shashi B Tripathi
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Arun K Joshi
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pradeep K Bhati
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Uttam Kumar
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi 110012, India
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Kambona CM, Koua PA, Léon J, Ballvora A. Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13951. [PMID: 37310785 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environments where the progenitors are grown have the potential to affect the expression of traits in their offspring. Currently, there are various hypotheses regarding the evolutionary and ecological importance of stress memory effects. There is uncertainty regarding its occurrence, persistence, predictability, and adaptive value. In this study, 15 winter wheat cultivars were grown under drought and well-watered (control) treatments for two seasons to produce seeds with all possible combinations of drought exposure histories. A comprehensive analysis to estimate transgenerational (grandparental effects), intergenerational (parental effects), and their combined memory effects on offspring traits under both control and drought moisture treatments, was performed. There were significant memory effects in most of the evaluated traits ranging from +787% to -39.0% changes in both seed quality and plant traits. The expression of stress memory was highly dependent on the generation and number of exposures, traits, and seasons. Under drought treatment, the combination of grandparental and parental stress memories was additive in all traits, but their strengths were variable when considered separately. Stress memory enhanced the performance of offspring under similar stressful conditions: increased plant height, above-ground biomass, number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant and water potential. This study offers valuable new insights into the occurrence of drought stress memory, the complexities of the effects, possible physiological and metabolic alterations explaining the detected differences, and impacts toward a clearer understanding of their generation and context-dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Mukiri Kambona
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrice Ahossi Koua
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Deutsche Saatveredelung AG, Salzkotten-Thüle, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
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Wang X, Zhang J, Mao W, Guan P, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Guo W, Yao Y, Hu Z, Xin M, Ni Z, Sun Q, Peng H. Association mapping identifies loci and candidate genes for grain-related traits in spring wheat in response to heat stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111676. [PMID: 36933836 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a limiting factor in wheat production along with global warming. Development of heat-tolerant wheat varieties and generation of suitable pre-breeding materials are the major goals in current wheat breeding programs. Our understanding on the genetic basis of thermotolerance remains sparse. In this study, we genotyped a collection of 211 core spring wheat accessions and conducted field trials to evaluate the grain-related traits under heat stress and non-stress conditions in two different locations for three consecutive years. Based on SNP datasets and grain-related traits, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect stable loci related to thermotolerance. Thirty-three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, nine of them are the same loci as previous studies, and 24 are potentially novel loci. Functional candidate genes at these QTL are predicted and proved to be relevant to heat stress and grain-related traits such as TaELF3-A1 (1A) for earliness per se (Eps), TaHSFA1-B1 (5B) influencing heat tolerance and TaVIN2-A1 (6A) for grain size. Functional markers of TaELF3-A1 were detected and converted to KASP markers, with their function and genetic diversity being analyzed in the natural populations. In addition, our results unveiled favor alleles controlling agronomic traits and/or heat stress tolerance. In summary, we provide insights into heritable correlation between yield and heat stress tolerance, which will accelerate the development of new cultivars with high and stable yield of wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panfeng Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfa Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangqing Liu
- Crop Research Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Guo G, Xu S, Chen H, Hao Y, Mao H. QTL Mapping for Wheat Seed Dormancy in a Yangmai16/Zhongmai895 Double Haploid Population. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:759. [PMID: 36840107 PMCID: PMC9967201 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat reduces grain yield and quality, and it is strongly affected by seed dormancy. Therefore, identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed dormancy is essential for PHS resistance breeding. A doubled haploid (DH) population, consisting of 174 lines from the cross between Yangmai16 (YM16) and Zhongmai895 (ZM895) was used to detect QTLs for seed dormancy and grain color. For seed dormancy, a total of seven QTLs were detected on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3D, 4D, 5B and 5D over four environments, among which Qdor.hzau-3A, Qdor.hzau-3D.1 and Qdor.hzau-3D.2 were stably detected in more than two environments. For grain color, only two QTLs, Qgc.hzau-3A and Qgc.hzau-3D were detected on chromosomes 3A and 3D, which physically overlapped with Qdor.hzau-3A and Qdor.hzau-3D.1, respectively. Qdor.hzau-3D.2 has never been reported elsewhere and is probably a novel locus with allelic effect of seed dormancy contributed by weakly dormant parent ZM895, and a KASP marker was developed and validated in a wheat natural population. This study provides new information on the genetic dissection of seed dormancy, which may aid in further improvement for marker-assisted wheat breeding for PHS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailiang Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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7
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Yang G, Deng P, Guo Q, Shi T, Pan W, Cui L, Liu X, Nie X. Population transcriptomic analysis identifies the comprehensive lncRNAs landscape of spike in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:450. [PMID: 36127641 PMCID: PMC9490906 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as the important regulators involving in growth and development as well as stress response in plants. However, current lncRNA studies were mainly performed at the individual level and the significance of it is not well understood in wheat. RESULTS In this study, the lncRNA landscape of wheat spike was characterized through analysing a total of 186 spike RNA-seq datasets from 93 wheat genotypes. A total of 35,913 lncRNAs as well as 1,619 lncRNA-mRNA pairs comprised of 443 lncRNAs and 464 mRNAs were obtained. Compared to coding genes, these lncRNAs displayed rather low conservation among wheat and other gramineous species. Based on re-sequencing data, the genetic variations of these lncRNA were investigated and obvious genetic bottleneck were found on them during wheat domestication process. Furthermore, 122 lncRNAs were found to act as ceRNA to regulate endogenous competition. Finally, association and co-localization analysis of the candidate lncRNA-mRNA pairs identified 170 lncRNAs and 167 target mRNAs significantly associated with spike-related traits, including lncRNA.127690.1/TraesCS2A02G518500.1 (PMEI) and lncRNA.104854.1/TraesCS6A02G050300.1 (ATG5) associated with heading date and spike length, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study reported the lncRNA landscape of wheat spike through the population transcriptome analysis, which not only contribute to better understand the wheat evolution from the perspective of lncRNA, but also lay the foundation for revealing roles of lncRNA playing in spike development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qifan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqiu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Licao Cui
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261325, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy and Yangling Branch of China Wheat Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Bhati PK, Juliana P, Singh RP, Joshi AK, Vishwakarma MK, Poland J, Govindan V, Shrestha S, Crespo-Herrera L, Mondal S, Huerta-Espino J, Kumar U. Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Phenology Affecting Adaptation of Spring Bread Wheat Genotypes to the Major Wheat-Producing Zones in India. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920682. [PMID: 35873987 PMCID: PMC9298574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spring bread wheat adaptation to diverse environments is supported by various traits such as phenology and plant architecture. A large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) was designed to investigate and dissect the genetic architecture of phenology affecting adaptation. It used 48 datasets from 4,680 spring wheat lines. For 8 years (2014-2021), these lines were evaluated for days to heading (DH) and maturity (DM) at three sites: Jabalpur, Ludhiana, and Samastipur (Pusa), which represent the three major Indian wheat-producing zones: the Central Zone (CZ), North-Western Plain Zone (NWPZ), and North-Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ), respectively. Ludhiana had the highest mean DH of 103.8 days and DM of 148.6 days, whereas Jabalpur had the lowest mean DH of 77.7 days and DM of 121.6 days. We identified 119 markers significantly associated with DH and DM on chromosomes 5B (76), 2B (18), 7D (10), 4D (8), 5A (1), 6B (4), 7B (1), and 3D (1). Our results clearly indicated the importance of the photoperiod-associated gene (Ppd-B1) for adaptation to the NWPZ and the Vrn-B1 gene for adaptation to the NEPZ and CZ. A maximum variation of 21.1 and 14% was explained by markers 2B_56134146 and 5B_574145576 linked to the Ppd-B1 and Vrn-B1 genes, respectively, indicating their significant role in regulating DH and DM. The results provide important insights into the genomic regions associated with the two phenological traits that influence adaptation to the major wheat-producing zones in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Bhati
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi, India
| | - Philomin Juliana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Arun Kumar Joshi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Vishwakarma
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi, India
| | - Jesse Poland
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Velu Govindan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Sandesh Shrestha
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | | | - Suchismita Mondal
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Julio Huerta-Espino
- Campo Experimental Valle de México-INIFAP, Carretera los Reyes-Texcoco, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Uttam Kumar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), New Delhi, India
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), New Delhi, India
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Tian Y, Sang W, Liu P, Liu J, Xiang J, Cui F, Xu H, Han X, Nie Y, Kong D, Li W, Mu P. Genome-wide Association Study for Starch Pasting Properties in Chinese Spring Wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:830644. [PMID: 35401682 PMCID: PMC8990798 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.830644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the genetic basis of starch pasting viscosity characteristics of Chinese spring wheat, we assessed the genetic variation of RVA parameters determined by the Rapid Visco Analyser in a panel of 192 Chinese spring wheat accessions grown in Er’shi, Shihezi and Zhaosu during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. A genome-wide association study with 47,362 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers was conducted to detect marker-trait associations using mixed linear model. Phenotypic variations of RVA parameters ranged from 1.6 to 30.7% and broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.62 to 0.91. Forty-one SNP markers at 25 loci were significantly associated with seven RVA traits in at least two environments; among these, 20 SNPs were located in coding sequences (CDS) of 18 annotation genes, which can lead to discovering novel genes underpinning starch gelatinization in spring wheat. Haplotype analysis revealed one block for breakdown (BD) on chromosome 3B and two blocks for pasting temperature (T) on chromosome 7B. Cultivars with superior haplotypes at these loci showed better starch pasting viscosity than the average of all cultivars surveyed. The identified loci and associated markers provide valuable sources for future functional characterization and genetic improvement of starch quality in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of the Oasis Ecological Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Administrative Management, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jishan Xiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Fengjuan Cui
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongjun Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Xinnian Han
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Yingbin Nie
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Dezhen Kong
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
| | - Weihua Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Oasis Ecological Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Weihua Li, ; Peiyuan Mu,
| | - Peiyuan Mu
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-reclamation Sciences/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Weihua Li, ; Peiyuan Mu,
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Saini DK, Chopra Y, Singh J, Sandhu KS, Kumar A, Bazzer S, Srivastava P. Comprehensive evaluation of mapping complex traits in wheat using genome-wide association studies. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:1. [PMID: 37309486 PMCID: PMC10248672 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are effectively applied to detect the marker trait associations (MTAs) using whole genome-wide variants for complex quantitative traits in different crop species. GWAS has been applied in wheat for different quality, biotic and abiotic stresses, and agronomic and yield-related traits. Predictions for marker-trait associations are controlled with the development of better statistical models taking population structure and familial relatedness into account. In this review, we have provided a detailed overview of the importance of association mapping, population design, high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping platforms, advancements in statistical models and multiple threshold comparisons, and recent GWA studies conducted in wheat. The information about MTAs utilized for gene characterization and adopted in breeding programs is also provided. In the literature that we surveyed, as many as 86,122 wheat lines have been studied under various GWA studies reporting 46,940 loci. However, further utilization of these is largely limited. The future breakthroughs in area of genomic selection, multi-omics-based approaches, machine, and deep learning models in wheat breeding after exploring the complex genetic structure with the GWAS are also discussed. This is a most comprehensive study of a large number of reports on wheat GWAS and gives a comparison and timeline of technological developments in this area. This will be useful to new researchers or groups who wish to invest in GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Yuvraj Chopra
- College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Karansher S. Sandhu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, 202002 India
| | - Sumandeep Bazzer
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
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Singh A, Mathan J, Yadav A, K. Goyal A, Chaudhury A. Molecular and Transcriptional Regulation of Seed Development in Cereals: Present Status and Future Prospects. CEREAL GRAINS - VOLUME 1 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are a rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, oils and protein, making them the world’s most important source of nutrition. The influence of rising global population, as well as the emergence and spread of disease, has the major impact on cereal production. To meet the demand, there is a pressing need to increase cereal production. Optimal seed development is a key agronomical trait that contributes to crop yield. The seed development and maturation is a complex process that includes not only embryo and endosperm development, but also accompanied by huge physiological, biochemical, metabolic, molecular and transcriptional changes. This chapter discusses the growth of cereal seed and highlights the novel biological insights, with a focus on transgenic and new molecular breeding, as well as biotechnological intervention strategies that have improved crop yield in two major cereal crops, primarily wheat and rice, over the last 21 years (2000–2021).
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Zhu Y, Wang S, Wei W, Xie H, Liu K, Zhang C, Wu Z, Jiang H, Cao J, Zhao L, Lu J, Zhang H, Chang C, Xia X, Xiao S, Ma C. Genome-wide association study of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance using a 90K SNP array in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2947-2963. [PMID: 31324930 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Three major loci for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) were mapped on chromosomes 1AL, 3BS, and 6BL, and two CAPS and one dCAPS markers were validated. Sixteen lines with favorable alleles and increased PHST were identified. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) significantly affects wheat grain yield and quality. In the present study, the PHS tolerance (PHST) of 192 wheat varieties (lines) was evaluated by assessment of field sprouting, seed germination index, and period of dormancy in different environments. A high-density Illumina iSelect 90K SNP array was used to genotype the panel. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on single- and multi-locus mixed linear models was used to detect loci for PHST. The single-locus model identified 23 loci for PHST (P < 0.0001) and explained 6.0-18.9% of the phenotypic variance. Twenty loci were consistent with known quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Three single-nucleotide polymorphism markers closely linked with three major loci (Qphs.ahau-1A, Qphs.ahau-3B, and Qphs.ahau-6B) on chromosomes 1AL, 3BS, and 6BL, respectively, were converted to two cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) and one derived-CAPS markers, and validated in 374 wheat varieties (lines). The CAPS marker EX06323 for Qphs.ahau-6B co-segregated with a novel major QTL underlying PHST in a recombinant inbred line population raised from the cross Jing 411 × Wanxianbaimaizi. Linear regression showed a clear dependence of PHST on the number of favorable alleles. Sixteen varieties showing an elevated degree of PHST were identified and harbored more than 16 favorable alleles. The multi-locus model detected 39 marker-trait associations for PHST (P < 0.0001), of which five may be novel. Six loci common to the two models were identified. The combination of the two GWAS methods contributes to efficient dissection of the complex genetic mechanism of PHST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shengxing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxin Wei
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hongyong Xie
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zengyun Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Liangxia Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Xianchun Xia
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shihe Xiao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement On Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
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Shi C, Zhao L, Zhang X, Lv G, Pan Y, Chen F. Gene regulatory network and abundant genetic variation play critical roles in heading stage of polyploidy wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30606101 PMCID: PMC6318890 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extensive adaptability of polyploidy wheat is attributed to its complex genome, and accurately controlling heading stage is a prime target in wheat breeding process. Wheat heading stage is an essential growth and development processes since it starts at a crucial point in the transition from vegetative phase to reproductive phase. MAIN BODY Heading stage is mainly decided by vernalization, photoperiod, hormone (like gibberellic acid, GA), and earliness per se (Eps). As a polyploidy species, common wheat possesses the abundant genetic variation, such as allelic variation, copy number variation etc., which have a strong effect on regulation of wheat growth and development. Therefore, understanding genetic manipulation of heading stage is pivotal for controlling the heading stage in wheat. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the genetic regulatory mechanisms and abundant variation in genetic diversity controlling heading stage in wheat, as well as the interaction mechanism of different signals and the contribution of different genetic variation. We first summarized the genes involved in vernalization, photoperoid and other signals cross-talk with each other to control wheat heading stage, then the abundant genetic variation related to signal components associated with wheat heading stage was also elaborated in detail. CONCLUSION Our knowledge of the regulatory network of wheat heading can be used to adjust the duration of the growth phase for the purpose of acclimatizing to different geographical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Xiangfen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Guoguo Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Yubo Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
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