1
|
Rauf S, Basharat T, Gebeyehu A, Elsafy M, Rahmatov M, Ortiz R, Kaya Y. Sesame, an Underutilized Oil Seed Crop: Breeding Achievements and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2662. [PMID: 39339635 PMCID: PMC11434663 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Sesame seeds and their edible oil are highly nutritious and rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bioactive compounds such as sterols, tocopherols, and sesamol provide significant medicinal benefits. The high oil content (50%) and favorable mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid balance, as well as resilience to water stress, make sesame a promising candidate crop for global agricultural expansion. However, sesame production faces challenges such as low yields, poor response to agricultural inputs, and losses due to capsule dehiscence. To enhance yield, traits like determinate growth, dwarfism, a high harvest index, non-shattering capsules, disease resistance, and photoperiod sensitivity are needed. These traits can be achieved through variation or induced mutation breeding. Crossbreeding methods often result in unwanted genetic changes. The gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology has the potential to suppress detrimental alleles and improve the fatty acid profile by inhibiting polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Even though sesame is an orphan crop, it has entered the genomic era, with available sequences assisting molecular breeding efforts. This progress aids in associating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) with key economic traits, as well as identifying genes related to adaptability, oil production, fatty acid synthesis, and photosynthesis. Additionally, transcriptomic research can reveal genes involved in abiotic stress responses and adaptation to diverse climates. The mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) can identify loci linked to key traits such as capsule size, seed count per capsule, and capsule number per plant. This article reviews recent advances in sesame breeding, discusses ongoing challenges, and explores potential strategies for future improvement. Hence, integrating advanced genomic tools and breeding strategies provides promising ways to enhance sesame production to meet global demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rauf
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Taiyyibah Basharat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Adane Gebeyehu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Elsafy
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Mahbubjon Rahmatov
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 23053 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Yalcin Kaya
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sabag I, Bi Y, Sahoo MM, Herrmann I, Morota G, Peleg Z. Leveraging genomics and temporal high-throughput phenotyping to enhance association mapping and yield prediction in sesame. THE PLANT GENOME 2024:e20481. [PMID: 38926134 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is an important oilseed crop with rising demand owing to its nutritional and health benefits. There is an urgent need to develop and integrate new genomic-based breeding strategies to meet these future demands. While genomic resources have advanced genetic research in sesame, the implementation of high-throughput phenotyping and genetic analysis of longitudinal traits remains limited. Here, we combined high-throughput phenotyping and random regression models to investigate the dynamics of plant height, leaf area index, and five spectral vegetation indices throughout the sesame growing seasons in a diversity panel. Modeling the temporal phenotypic and additive genetic trajectories revealed distinct patterns corresponding to the sesame growth cycle. We also conducted longitudinal genomic prediction and association mapping of plant height using various models and cross-validation schemes. Moderate prediction accuracy was obtained when predicting new genotypes at each time point, and moderate to high values were obtained when forecasting future phenotypes. Association mapping revealed three genomic regions in linkage groups 6, 8, and 11, conferring trait variation over time and growth rate. Furthermore, we leveraged correlations between the temporal trait and seed-yield and applied multi-trait genomic prediction. We obtained an improvement over single-trait analysis, especially when phenotypes from earlier time points were used, highlighting the potential of using a high-throughput phenotyping platform as a selection tool. Our results shed light on the genetic control of longitudinal traits in sesame and underscore the potential of high-throughput phenotyping to detect a wide range of traits and genotypes that can inform sesame breeding efforts to enhance yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Sabag
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Ye Bi
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Maitreya Mohan Sahoo
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ittai Herrmann
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gota Morota
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Center for Advanced Innovation in Agriculture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramchander S, M T APL, Khan YJ, Souframanien J, Arumugam Pillai M. Molecular and physiological characterization of early semi-dwarf mutants of rice and localization of SNP variants in Sd1 locus generated through gamma radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:650-662. [PMID: 38285971 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2304827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 'Improved White Ponni' (IWP) rice variety, which is susceptible to lodging, leading to yield losses. Our primary goal is to develop new rice lines with non-lodging traits, enhancing stem strength and resistance to adverse conditions. Additionally, we aim to improve yield-contributing agronomic traits, benefiting farmers, food security, and the environment. Our work contributes to scientific knowledge and addresses a significant issue in Southern Indian rice cultivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, early and semi-dwarf early mutants of IWP were developed without altering the native grain quality traits using gamma ray-mediated mutagenesis. The seeds (500) were irradiated with γ-rays after fixing the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50), and selection for semi-dwarfism and earliness was imposed on a large M2 population. The selected traits were confirmed by evaluating the M3 lines at morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. RESULTS The response of mutants to gibberellic acid has been studied, which identified responsive mutants as well as slow-responding mutant lines including IWP-11-2, IWP-48-2, IWP-50-11, and IWP-33-2. Agar plate assay indicated low α- amylase content in IWP-50-11, IWP-33-2, IWP-43-1, IWP-47-2, and IWP-18-1. The scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the mutants displayed an increased cellular dimension in comparison to the wild type. In dwarf mutants, null alleles were observed for the SD1 gene-specific primers which depicts gene undergone mutation. Further sequencing revealed the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SD1 gene resulting in semi-dwarfism in the mutant IWP-D-1. CONCLUSIONS The impact of a defective gibberellic acid-mediated signaling pathway in mutants to produce a novel high-yielding and early maturing semi-dwarf rice variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Ramchander
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam, India
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Andrew-Peter-Leon M T
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam, India
| | - Yasin Jeshima Khan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Jegadeesan Souframanien
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhavan Arumugam Pillai
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miao H, Wang L, Qu L, Liu H, Sun Y, Le M, Wang Q, Wei S, Zheng Y, Lin W, Duan Y, Cao H, Xiong S, Wang X, Wei L, Li C, Ma Q, Ju M, Zhao R, Li G, Mu C, Tian Q, Mei H, Zhang T, Gao T, Zhang H. Genomic evolution and insights into agronomic trait innovations of Sesamum species. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100729. [PMID: 37798879 PMCID: PMC10811377 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop with high oil content and quality. However, the evolutionary history and genetic mechanisms of its valuable agronomic traits remain unclear. Here, we report chromosome-scale genomes of cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and six wild Sesamum species, representing all three karyotypes within this genus. Karyotyping and genome-based phylogenic analysis revealed the evolutionary route of Sesamum species from n = 13 to n = 16 and revealed that allotetraploidization occurred in the wild species Sesamum radiatum. Early divergence of the Sesamum genus (48.5-19.7 million years ago) during the Tertiary period and its ancient phylogenic position within eudicots were observed. Pan-genome analysis revealed 9164 core gene families in the 7 Sesamum species. These families are significantly enriched in various metabolic pathways, including fatty acid (FA) metabolism and FA biosynthesis. Structural variations in SiPT1 and SiDT1 within the phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein gene family lead to the genomic evolution of plant-architecture and inflorescence-development phenotypes in Sesamum. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of an interspecific population and genome comparisons revealed a long terminal repeat insertion and a sequence deletion in DIR genes of wild Sesamum angustifolium and cultivated sesame, respectively; both variations independently cause high susceptibility to Fusarium wilt disease. A GWAS of 560 sesame accessions combined with an overexpression study confirmed that the NAC1 and PPO genes play an important role in upregulating oil content of sesame. Our study provides high-quality genomic resources for cultivated and wild Sesamum species and insights that can improve molecular breeding strategies for sesame and other oilseed crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Miao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Technology University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yamin Sun
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meiwang Le
- Crops Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shuangling Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongzhan Zheng
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenchao Lin
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hengchun Cao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Songjin Xiong
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuede Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Technology University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Libin Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chun Li
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ming Ju
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruihong Zhao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guiting Li
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cong Mu
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiuzhen Tian
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongxian Mei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tide Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tongmei Gao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weldemichael MY, Gebremedhn HM. QTL mapping in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A review. J Biotechnol 2023; 376:11-23. [PMID: 37717598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop used for food, feed, medicinal, and industrial applications. Inherently low genetic yield potential and susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses contribute to low productivity in sesame. Development of stress resistant varieties coupled with high yield is a viable option to raise the genetic potential of sesame. Conventional phenotype-based breeding methods have made an important role in the last couple of decades by developing several sesame varieties with improved quality, yield, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, due to adverse environmental effects, time consuming to develop new variety, and low genetic gain, conventional phenotype-based approach is not adequate to satisfy the rising population growth. In this context, advanced method of genotype selection via modern techniques of biotechnology plays essential roles in reducing the constraints and boosting sesame production to satisfy the huge demand. In line to this, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is considered as a promising method to address the problems of sesame breeding. Previously, huge data have been generated in the practical use of QTL for sesame improvement. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent advances in the area of QTL mapping for yield and yield related traits in sesame for enhancing and sustaining sesame production. In this section, we present an intensive review on the identification and mapping of the most desirable potential candidate genes/QTLs associated with desirable traits. Moreover, this review focuses on the major QTL regions and/or potential candidate genes and associated molecular markers that could provide potential genetic resources for molecular marker-assisted selection and further cloning of functional genes for yield and yield-related traits as well as various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances. Finally, the summarized QTL mapping data shed light on future directions for enhanced sesame breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheale Yifter Weldemichael
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
| | - Hailay Mehari Gebremedhn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou M, Li Y, Cheng Z, Zheng X, Cai C, Wang H, Lu K, Zhu C, Ding Y. Important Factors Controlling Gibberellin Homeostasis in Plant Height Regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15895-15907. [PMID: 37862148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic trait that is closely associated with crop yield and quality. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of highly efficient plant growth regulators, play key roles in regulating plant height. Increasing reports indicate that transcriptional regulation is a major point of regulation of the GA pathways. Although substantial knowledge has been gained regarding GA biosynthetic and signaling pathways, important factors contributing to the regulatory mechanisms homeostatically controlling GA levels remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the regulatory network involving transcription factors, noncoding RNAs, and histone modifications involved in GA pathways. We also discuss the mechanisms of interaction between GAs and other hormones in plant height development. Finally, future directions for applying knowledge of the GA hormone in crop breeding are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yakun Li
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Huangshan Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Huangshan 242700, China
| | - Kaixing Lu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanfei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weldemichael MY, Bitima TD, Abrha GT, Tesfu K, Gebremedhn HM, Kassa AB, Kindeya YB, Mossa MM. Improving desirable agronomic traits of M2 lines on fourteen Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes using Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287246. [PMID: 37751450 PMCID: PMC10522002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesame is an important oilseed crop cultivated in Ethiopia as a cash crop for small holder farmers. However, low yield is one of the main constraints of its cultivation. Boosting and sustaining production of sesame is thus timely to achieve the global oil demand. This study was, therefore, aimed at identifying mutant genotypes targeted to produce better agronomic traits of M2 lines on fourteen Ethiopian sesame genotypes through seed treatment with chemical mutagens. EMS was used as a chemical mutagen to treat the fourteen sesame genotypes. Quantitative and qualitative data were recorded and analyzed using analysis of variance with GenStat 16 software. Post-ANOVA mean comparisons were made using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p≤ 0.01). Statistically significant phenotypic changes were observed in both quantitative and qualitative agronomic traits of the M2 lines. All mutant genotypes generated by EMS treatment showed a highly significant variation for the measured quantitative traits, except for the traits LBL and LTL. On the other hand, EMS-treated genotypes showed a significant change for the qualitative traits, except for PGT, BP, SSCS, LC, LH and LA traits. Mutated Baha Necho, Setit 3, and Zeri Tesfay showed the most promising changes in desirable agronomic traits. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the treatment of sesame seeds with EMS to generate desirable agronomic traits in Ethiopian sesame genotypes. These findings would deliver an insight into the genetic characteristics and variability of important sesame agronomic traits. Besides, the findings set up a foundation for future genomic studies in sesame agronomic traits, which would serve as genetic resources for sesame improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kalkidan Tesfu
- National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Holleta, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sheng C, Song S, Zhou W, Dossou SSK, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Li D, You J, Wang L. Integrating transcriptome and phytohormones analysis provided insights into plant height development in sesame. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107695. [PMID: 37058966 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is a key agronomic trait influencing crops yield. The height of sesame plants is important for yield performance, lodging resistance and plant architecture. Although plant height is significantly distinct among sesame varieties, the genetic basis of plant height remains largely unknown. In this study, in order to tackle genetic insights into the sesame plant height development, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was conducted using the stem tips from two sesame varieties with distinct plant height, Zhongzhi13 and ZZM2748, at five time points by BGI MGIseq2000 sequencing platform. A total of 16,952 genes were differentially expressed between Zhongzhi13 and ZZM2748 at five time points. KEGG and MapMan enrichment analyses and quantitative analysis of phytohormones indicated that hormones biosynthesis and signaling pathways were associated with sesame plant height development. Plenty of candidate genes involved in biosynthesis and signaling of brassinosteroid (BR), cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) which were major differential hormones between two varieties were identified, suggesting their critical roles in plant height regulation. WGCNA revealed a module which was significantly positively associated with the plant height trait and founded SiSCL9 was the hub gene involved in plant height development in our network. Further overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis validated the function of SiSCL9 in the increase of plant height by 26.86%. Collectively, these results increase our understanding of the regulatory network controlling the development of plant height and provide a valuable genetic resource for improvement of plant architecture in sesame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengnan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wangyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Senouwa Segla Koffi Dossou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li G, Yao X, Chen Z, Tian X, Lu L. The Overexpression of Oryza sativa L. CYP85A1 Promotes Growth and Biomass Production in Transgenic Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076480. [PMID: 37047459 PMCID: PMC10095185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth, reproduction, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. CYP85A1 is a castasterone (CS) synthase that catalyzes C-6 oxidation of 6-deoxocastasterone (6-deoxoCS) to CS, after which CS is converted into brassinolide (BL) in a reaction catalyzed by CYP85A2. Here, we report the functional characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) OsCYP85A1. Constitutive expression of OsCYP85A1 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter increased endogenous BR levels and significantly promoted growth and biomass production in three groups of transgenic Populus tomentosa lines. The plant height and stem diameter of the transgenic poplar plants were increased by 17.6% and 33.6%, respectively, in comparison with control plants. Simultaneously, we showed that expression of OsCYP85A1 enhanced xylem formation in transgenic poplar without affecting cell wall thickness or the composition of cellulose. Our findings suggest that OsCYP85A1 represents a potential target candidate gene for engineering fast-growing trees with improved wood production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinzhuan Yao
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhouzhuoer Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Litang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tea Sciences, Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biomolecular Strategies for Vascular Bundle Development to Improve Crop Yield. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121772. [PMID: 36551200 PMCID: PMC9775962 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to produce crops with higher yields is critical due to a growing global population, depletion of agricultural land, and severe climate change. Compared with the "source" and "sink" transport systems that have been studied a lot, the development and utilization of vascular bundles (conducting vessels in plants) are increasingly important. Due to the complexity of the vascular system, its structure, and its delicate and deep position in the plant body, the current research on model plants remains basic knowledge and has not been repeated for crops and applied to field production. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding biomolecular strategies of vascular bundles in transport systems (source-flow-sink), allocation, helping crop architecture establishment, and influence of the external environment. It is expected to help understand how to use sophisticated and advancing genetic engineering technology to improve the vascular system of crops to increase yield.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sabag I, Morota G, Peleg Z. Genome-wide association analysis uncovers the genetic architecture of tradeoff between flowering date and yield components in sesame. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:549. [PMID: 34809568 PMCID: PMC8607594 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unrevealing the genetic makeup of crop morpho-agronomic traits is essential for improving yield quality and sustainability. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oil-crops in the world. Despite its economic and agricultural importance, it is an 'orphan crop-plant' that has undergone limited modern selection, and, as a consequence preserved wide genetic diversity. Here we established a new sesame panel (SCHUJI) that contains 184 genotypes representing wide phenotypic variation and is geographically distributed. We harnessed the natural variation of this panel to perform genome-wide association studies for morpho-agronomic traits under the Mediterranean climate conditions. RESULTS Field-based phenotyping of the SCHUJI panel across two seasons exposed wide phenotypic variation for all traits. Using 20,294 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers, we detected 50 genomic signals associated with these traits. Major genomic region on LG2 was associated with flowering date and yield-related traits, exemplified the key role of the flowering date on productivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed light on the genetic architecture of flowering date and its interaction with yield components in sesame and may serve as a basis for future sesame breeding programs in the Mediterranean basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idan Sabag
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Gota Morota
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mei H, Liu Y, Cui C, Hu C, Xie F, Zheng L, Du Z, Wu K, Jiang X, Zheng Y, Ma Q. QTL mapping of yield-related traits in sesame. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:43. [PMID: 37309387 PMCID: PMC10236103 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving yield is one of the most important targets of sesame breeding. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits is a prerequisite for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and QTL/gene cloning. In this study, a BC1 population was developed and genotyped with the specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing technology, and a high-density genetic map was constructed. The map consisted of 13 linkage groups, contained 3528 SLAF markers, and covered a total of 1312.52 cM genetic distance, with an average distance of 0.37 cM between adjacent markers. Based on the map, 46 significant QTLs were identified for seven yield-related traits across three environments. These QTLs distributed on 11 linkage groups, each explaining 2.34-71.41% of the phenotypic variation. Of the QTLs, 23 were stable QTLs that were detected in more than one environment, and 20 were major QTLs that explained more than 10% of the corresponding phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Favorable alleles of 38 QTLs originated from the locally adapted variety, Yuzhi 4; the exotic germplasm line, BS, contributed favorable alleles to only 8 QTLs. The results should provide useful information for future molecular breeding and functional gene cloning. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01236-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Mei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi Cui
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengda Hu
- Henan Institute of Meteorological Science, Zhengzhou, 450003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuxin Xie
- Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanyang, 473085 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luohe, 462300 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Du
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Wu
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhan Zheng
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Ma
- Henan Institute of Meteorological Science, Zhengzhou, 450003 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phenotypic Characterization and Differential Gene Expression Analysis Reveal That Dwarf Mutant dwf Dwarfism Is Associated with Gibberellin in Eggplant. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dwarfism is a desirable trait in eggplant breeding, as it confers higher lodging resistance and allows simplified management and harvest. However, a few dwarf mutants have been reported, and the molecular mechanism underlying dwarfism in eggplant is completely unknown. Here, we report a dwarf mutant (dwf) isolated from an ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant library. The hypocotyl length, plant height, and length of internode cells of dwf were significantly decreased compared to those of the wild-type parent ‘14-345’ (WT). Differential gene expression analysis revealed that GA-related genes, including GA2ox and DELLA, were up-regulated whereas the gibberellin (GA3) content decreased in dwf. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased the relative growth rate of dwf compared to WT, further indicating the important roles of GA in regulating the dwarf phenotype of dwf. Collectively, our findings shed light on GA-mediated dwarfism in dwf plants and offer a good germplasm that could be used for eggplant dwarfism breeding in the future.
Collapse
|
14
|
Weldemichael MY, Baryatsion YT, Sbhatu DB, Gebresamuel Abraha G, Juhar HM, Kassa AB, Baraki Sibhatu F, Gebremedhn HM, Gebrelibanos TS, Mebrahtu Mossa M, Gebru MM, Meresa BK, Teklay M, Berhe BD, Gebru HA. Effect of Sodium Azide on Quantitative and Qualitative Stem Traits in the M2 Generation of Ethiopian Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6660711. [PMID: 34007247 PMCID: PMC8110370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6660711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging oilseed crop Sesamum indicum, also known as the queen of oilseeds, is being grown globally for its oil content for medicinal and nutritional values. One of the key challenges of sesame cultivation is its low productivity. In the present study, sodium azide (NaN3) was used as a chemical mutagen. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NaN3 on quantitative and qualitative stem traits in the M2 generation of Ethiopian sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Seeds of fourteen sesame genotypes were used in this study and germinated and grown under greenhouse conditions. Different qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. Traits such as plant height, ground distance to first distance, and internode length were significantly affected by NaN3 treatment. The highest plant height was recorded in the control on Humera 1 and Baha Necho genotypes, while the lowest was observed on Setit 2 and Hirhir treated with the chemical. The highest ground distance to the first branch was observed in Gumero, while the least ground distance was recorded in Setit 1 in the treated and control genotypes, respectively. The best internode length was recorded on Setit 2 and ADI in the control, while the lowest internode length was observed in Setit 1 genotype treated with sodium azide. Genotypes such as ACC44, ADI, Baha Necho, Borkena, Gonder 1, and Setit 1 treated with NaN3 have showed glabrous type of stem hairiness. All the fourteen genotypes (both treated and control) were clustered into four groups. In conclusion, we observed a highly significant variation among the genotypes due the effect of the chemical and genotypes themselves. Hence, this report would create more genetic diversity for further sesame genetic research improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Medhin Teklay
- Tigrai Biotechnology Center Pvt. Ltd. Co., P.O. Box 223, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | | | - Haftay Abadi Gebru
- Tigrai Biotechnology Center Pvt. Ltd. Co., P.O. Box 223, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|