1
|
Han H, Yang J, Qi K, Zhu H, Wu P, Zhou S, Zhang J, Guo B, Liu W, Guo X, Lu Y, Yang X, Li X, Li L. Introgression of chromosome 5P from Agropyron cristatum enhances grain weight in a wheat background. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:165. [PMID: 38904787 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A grain weight locus from Agropyron cristatum chromosome 5P increases grain weight in different wheat backgrounds and is localized to 5PL (bin 7-12). Thousand-grain weight is an important trait in wheat breeding, with a narrow genetic basis being the main factor limiting improvement. Agropyron cristatum, a wild relative of wheat, harbors many desirable genes for wheat improvement. Here, we found that the introduction of the 5P chromosome from A. cristatum into wheat significantly increased the thousand-grain weight by 2.55-7.10 g, and grain length was the main contributor to grain weight. An increase in grain weight was demonstrated in two commercial wheat varieties, indicating that the grain weight locus was not affected by the wheat background. To identify the chromosome segment harboring the grain weight locus, three A. cristatum 5P deletion lines, two wheat-A. cristatum 5P translocation lines and genetic populations of these lines were used to evaluate agronomic traits. We found that the translocation lines harboring the long arm of A. cristatum chromosome 5P (5PL) exhibited high grain weight and grain length, and the genetic locus associated with increased grain weight was mapped to 5PL (bin 7-12). An increase in grain weight did not adversely affect other agronomic traits in translocation line 5PT2, which is a valuable germplasm resource. Overall, we identified a grain weight locus from chromosome 5PL and provided valuable germplasm for improving wheat grain weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China.
| | - Junli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Panqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Baojin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China
| | - Lihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang M, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang J, Fu Z, Wu P, Yang A, Wu D, Sun G, Wang C. Identification and Analysis of lncRNA and circRNA Related to Wheat Grain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5484. [PMID: 38791522 PMCID: PMC11122269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of lncRNA and circRNA in wheat grain development is still unclear. The objectives of this study were to characterize the lncRNA and circRNA in the wheat grain development and to construct the interaction network among lncRNA, circRNA, and their target miRNA to propose a lncRNA-circRNA-miRNA module related to wheat grain development. Full transcriptome sequencing on two wheat varieties (Annong 0942 and Anke 2005) with significant differences in 1000-grain weight at 10 d (days after pollination), 20 d, and 30 d of grain development were conducted. We detected 650, 736, and 609 differentially expressed lncRNA genes, and 769, 1054, and 1062 differentially expressed circRNA genes in the grains of 10 days, 20 days and 30 days after pollination between Annong 0942 and Anke 2005, respectively. An analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA and circRNA-miRNA targeting networks reveals that circRNAs exhibit a more complex and extensive interaction network in the development of cereal grains and the formation of grain shape. Central to these interactions are tae-miR1177, tae-miR1128, and tae-miR1130b-3p. In contrast, lncRNA genes only form a singular network centered around tae-miR1133 and tae-miR5175-5p when comparing between varieties. Further analysis is conducted on the underlying genes of all target miRNAs, we identified TaNF-YB1 targeted by tae-miR1122a and TaTGW-7B targeted by miR1130a as two pivotal regulatory genes in the development of wheat grains. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the target regulatory relationships between miR1130a-TaTGW-7B and miR1122a-TaNF-YB1. We propose a network of circRNA and miRNA-mediated gene regulation in the development of wheat grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Shuanghong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Junli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Zhe Fu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Panpan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Anqi Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Dexiang Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Chengyu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China (A.Y.); (C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han B, Wang X, Sun Y, Kang X, Zhang M, Luo J, Han H, Zhou S, Lu Y, Liu W, Yang X, Li X, Zhang J, Li L. Pre-breeding of spontaneous Robertsonian translocations for density planting architecture by transferring Agropyron cristatum chromosome 1P into wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:110. [PMID: 38656338 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We developed T1AL·1PS and T1AS·1PL Robertsonian translocations by breakage-fusion mechanism based on wheat-A. cristatum 1P(1A) substitution line with smaller leaf area, shorter plant height, and other excellent agronomic traits Agropyron cristatum, a wild relative of wheat, is a valuable germplasm resource for improving wheat genetic diversity and yield. Our previous study confirmed that the A. cristatum chromosome 1P carries alien genes that reduce plant height and leaf size in wheat. Here, we developed T1AL·1PS and T1AS·1PL Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) by breakage-fusion mechanism based on wheat-A. cristatum 1P (1A) substitution line II-3-1c. Combining molecular markers and cytological analysis, we identified 16 spontaneous RobTs from 911 F2 individuals derived from the cross of Jimai22 and II-3-1c. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to detect the fusion structures of the centromeres in wheat and A. cristatum chromosomes. Resequencing results indicated that the chromosomal junction point was located at the physical position of Triticum aestivum chromosome 1A (212.5 Mb) and A. cristatum chromosome 1P (230 Mb). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in pollen mother cells showed that the produced translocation lines could form stable ring bivalent. Introducing chromosome 1PS translocation fragment into wheat significantly increased the number of fertile tillers, grain number per spike, and grain weight and reduced the flag leaf area. However, introducing chromosome 1PL translocation fragment into wheat significantly reduced flag leaf area and plant height with a negative effect on yield components. The pre-breeding of two spontaneous RobTs T1AL·1PS and T1AS·1PL was important for wheat architecture improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xilu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiawen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China.
| | - Lihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xinxiang, 453519, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Wang E, Cheng S, Ma A. Genetic insights into superior grain number traits: a QTL analysis of wheat-Agropyron cristatum derivative pubing3228. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:271. [PMID: 38605289 PMCID: PMC11008026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agropyron cristatum (L.) is a valuable genetic resource for expanding the genetic diversity of common wheat. Pubing3228, a novel wheat-A. cristatum hybrid germplasm, exhibits several desirable agricultural traits, including high grain number per spike (GNS). Understanding the genetic architecture of GNS in Pubing3228 is crucial for enhancing wheat yield. This study aims to analyze the specific genetic regions and alleles associated with high GNS in Pubing3228. METHODS The study employed a recombination inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Pubing3228 and Jing4839 to investigate the genetic regions and alleles linked to high GNS. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis and candidate gene investigation were utilized to explore these traits. RESULTS A total of 40 QTLs associated with GNS were identified across 16 chromosomes, accounting for 4.25-17.17% of the total phenotypic variation. Five QTLs (QGns.wa-1D, QGns.wa-5 A, QGns.wa-7Da.1, QGns.wa-7Da.2 and QGns.wa-7Da.3) accounter for over 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least two environments. Furthermore, 94.67% of the GNS QTL with positive effects originated from Pubing3228. Candidate gene analysis of stable QTLs identified 11 candidate genes for GNS, including a senescence-associated protein gene (TraesCS7D01G148000) linked to the most significant SNP (AX-108,748,734) on chromosome 7D, potentially involved in reallocating nutrients from senescing tissues to developing seeds. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying high GNS in Pubing3228, offering valuable resources for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding to enhance yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, North to Weilailu road, New district, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China.
| | - Erwei Wang
- Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Science, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467001, China
| | - Shiping Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, North to Weilailu road, New district, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Aichu Ma
- Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Science, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467001, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang W, Han H, Guo B, Qi K, Zhang J, Zhou S, Yang X, Li X, Lu Y, Liu W, Liu X, Li L. The Genomic Variation and Differentially Expressed Genes on the 6P Chromosomes in Wheat- Agropyron cristatum Addition Lines 5113 and II-30-5 Confer Different Desirable Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087056. [PMID: 37108219 PMCID: PMC10139034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild relatives of wheat are essential gene pools for broadening the genetic basis of wheat. Chromosome rearrangements and genomic variation in alien chromosomes are widespread. Knowledge of the genetic variation between alien homologous chromosomes is valuable for discovering and utilizing alien genes. In this study, we found that 5113 and II-30-5, two wheat-A. cristatum 6P addition lines, exhibited considerable differences in heading date, grain number per spike, and grain weight. Genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in the 6P chromosomes of the two addition lines, including 143,511 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 62,103 insertion/deletion polymorphisms, and 757 differentially expressed genes. Intriguingly, genomic variations were mainly distributed in the middle of the chromosome arms and the proximal centromere region. GO and KEGG analyses of the variant genes and differentially expressed genes showed the enrichment of genes involved in the circadian rhythm, carbon metabolism, carbon fixation, and lipid metabolism, suggesting that the differential genes on the 6P chromosome are closely related to the phenotypic differences. For example, the photosynthesis-related genes PsbA, PsbT, and YCF48 were upregulated in II-30-5 compared with 5113. ACS and FabG are related to carbon fixation and fatty acid biosynthesis, respectively, and both carried modification variations and were upregulated in 5113 relative to II-30-5. Therefore, this study provides important guidance for cloning desirable genes from alien homologous chromosomes and for their effective utilization in wheat improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiming Han
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baojin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kroupin PY, Ulyanov DS, Karlov GI, Divashuk MG. The launch of satellite: DNA repeats as a cytogenetic tool in discovering the chromosomal universe of wild Triticeae. Chromosoma 2023:10.1007/s00412-023-00789-4. [PMID: 36905415 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a powerful tool that enables plant researchers to perform systematic, evolutionary, and population studies of wheat wild relatives as well as to characterize alien introgression into the wheat genome. This retrospective review reflects on progress made in the development of methods for creating new chromosomal markers since the launch of this cytogenetic satellite instrument to the present day. DNA probes based on satellite repeats have been widely used for chromosome analysis, especially for "classical" wheat probes (pSc119.2 and Afa family) and "universal" repeats (45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and microsatellites). The rapid development of new-generation sequencing and bioinformatical tools, and the application of oligo- and multioligonucleotides has resulted in an explosion in the discovery of new genome- and chromosome-specific chromosome markers. Owing to modern technologies, new chromosomal markers are appearing at an unprecedented velocity. The present review describes the specifics of localization when employing commonly used vs. newly developed probes for chromosomes in J, E, V, St, Y, and P genomes and their diploid and polyploid carriers Agropyron, Dasypyrum, Thinopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Elymus, Roegneria, and Kengyilia. Particular attention is paid to the specificity of probes, which determines their applicability for the detection of alien introgression to enhance the genetic diversity of wheat through wide hybridization. The information from the reviewed articles is summarized into the TRepeT database, which may be useful for studying the cytogenetics of Triticeae. The review describes the trends in the development of technology used in establishing chromosomal markers that can be used for prediction and foresight in the field of molecular biology and in methods of cytogenetic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yu Kroupin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Daniil S Ulyanov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady I Karlov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Divashuk
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao M, Wang X, Long J, Bai S, Cui Y, Wang Z, Liu C, Liu F, Wang Z, Li Q. Identification of Key Modules and Candidate Genes for Powdery Mildew Resistance of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum Translocation Line WAT-2020-17-6 by WGCNA. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:335. [PMID: 36679048 PMCID: PMC9864619 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the serious diseases of wheat, powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is a long-term threat to wheat production. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore new powdery mildew-resistant genes for breeding. The wild relative species of wheat provide gene resources for resistance to powdery mildew breeding. Agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, genomes PPPP) is an important wild relative of wheat, carrying excellent genes for high yield, disease resistance, and stress resistance, which can be used for wheat improvement. To understand the molecular mechanism of powdery mildew resistance in the wheat-A. cristatum translocation line WAT2020-17-6, transcriptome sequencing was performed, and the resistance genes were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In the results, 42,845 differentially expressed genes were identified and divided into 18 modules, of which six modules were highly correlated with powdery mildew resistance. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the six interested modules related to powdery mildew resistance were significantly enriched in N-methyltransferase activity, autophagy, mRNA splicing via spliceosome, chloroplast envelope, and AMP binding. The candidate hub genes of the interested modules were further identified, and their regulatory relationships were analyzed based on co-expression data. The temporal expression pattern of the 12 hub genes was verified within 96 h after powdery mildew inoculation by RT-PCR assay. In this study, we preliminarily explained the resistance mechanism of the wheat-A. cristatum translocation lines and obtained the hub candidate genes, which laid a foundation in the exploration of resistance genes in A. cristatum for powdery mildew-resistant breeding in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaohui Long
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Shuangyu Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Fenglou Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhangjun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Men W, Fan Z, Ma C, Zhao Y, Wang C, Tian X, Chen Q, Miao J, He J, Qian J, Sehgal SK, Li H, Liu W. Mapping of the novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2Mb from Aegilops biuncialis based on ph1b-induced homoeologous recombination. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2993-3003. [PMID: 35831461 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2Mb from Aegilops biuncialis was transferred into common wheat and mapped to chromosome 2MbL bin FL 0.49-0.66 by molecular cytogenetic analysis of 2Mb recombinants. Aegilops biuncialis, a wild relative of common wheat, is highly resistant to powdery mildew. Previous studies identified that chromosome 2Mb in Chinese Spring (CS)-Ae. biuncialis 2Mb disomic addition line TA7733 conferred high resistance to powdery mildew, and the resistance gene was temporarily designated as Pm2Mb. In this study, a total of 65 CS-Ae. biuncialis 2Mb recombinants were developed by ph1b-induced homoeologous recombination and they were grouped into 12 different types based on the presence of different markers of 2Mb-specificity. Segment sizes and breakpoints of each 2Mb recombinant type were further characterized using in situ hybridization and molecular marker analyses. Powdery mildew responses of each type were assessed by inoculation of each 2Mb recombinant-derived F2 progenies using the isolate E05. Combined analyses of in situ hybridization, molecular markers and powdery mildew resistance data of the 2Mb recombinants, the gene Pm2Mb was cytologically located to an interval of FL 0.49-0.66 in the long arm of 2Mb, where 19 2Mb-specific markers were located. Among the 65 2Mb recombinants, T-11 (T2DS.2DL-2MbL) and T-12 (Ti2DS.2DL-2MbL-2DL) contained a small 2MbL segment harboring Pm2Mb. Besides, a physical map of chromosome 2Mb was constructed with 70 2Mb-specific markers in 10 chromosomal bins and the map showed that submetacentric chromosome 2Mb of Ae. biuncialis was rearranged by a terminal intrachromosomal translocation. The newly developed 2Mb recombinants with powdery mildew resistance, the 2Mb-specific molecular markers and the physical map of chromosome 2Mb will benefit wheat disease breeding as well as fine mapping and cloning of Pm2Mb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Men
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Ziwei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Chao Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Chaoli Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiubin Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Qifan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jingnan Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jinqiu He
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jiajun Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Sunish K Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Huanhuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun Y, Han H, Wang X, Han B, Zhou S, Zhang M, Liu W, Li X, Guo X, Lu Y, Yang X, Zhang J, Liu X, Li L. Development and application of universal ND-FISH probes for detecting P-genome chromosomes based on Agropyron cristatum transposable elements. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:48. [PMID: 37313513 PMCID: PMC10248659 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a basic tool that is widely used in cytogenetic research. The detection efficiency of conventional FISH is limited due to its time-consuming nature. Oligonucleotide (oligo) probes with fluorescent labels have been applied in non-denaturing FISH (ND-FISH) assays, which greatly streamline experimental processes and save costs and time. Agropyron cristatum, which contains one basic genome, "P," is a vital wild relative for wheat improvement. However, oligo probes for detecting P-genome chromosomes based on ND-FISH assays have not been reported. In this study, according to the distribution of transposable elements (TEs) in Triticeae genomes, 94 oligo probes were designed based on three types of A. cristatum sequences. ND-FISH validation showed that 12 single oligo probes generated a stable and obvious hybridization signal on whole P chromosomes in the wheat background. To improve signal intensity, mixed probes (Oligo-pAc) were prepared by using the 12 successful probes and validated in the diploid accession A. cristatum Z1842, a small segmental translocation line and six allopolyploid wild relatives containing the P genome. The signals of Oligo-pAc covered the entire chromosomes of A. cristatum and were more intense than those of single probes. The results indicate that Oligo-pAc can replace conventional genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) probes to identify P chromosomes or segments in non-P-genome backgrounds. Finally, we provide a rapid and efficient method specifically for detecting P chromosomes in wheat backgrounds by combining the Oligo-pAc probe with the Oligo-pSc119.2-1 and Oligo-pTa535-1 probes, which can replace conventional sequential GISH/FISH assays. Altogether, we developed a set of oligo probes based on the ND-FISH assays to identify P-genome chromosomes, which can promote utilization of A. cristatum in wheat improvement programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Haiming Han
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bohui Han
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weihui Liu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xinming Yang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xu Liu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lihui Li
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Gene Expression and Regulatory Characteristics of Broad-Spectrum Immunity to Leaf Rust in a Wheat–Agropyron cristatum 2P Addition Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137370. [PMID: 35806373 PMCID: PMC9266861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss.) is among the major diseases of common wheat. The lack of resistance genes to leaf rust has limited the development of wheat cultivars. Wheat–Agropyron cristatum (A. cristatum) 2P addition line II-9-3 has been shown to provide broad-spectrum immunity to leaf rust. To identify the specific A. cristatum resistance genes and related regulatory pathways in II-9-3, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of inoculated and uninoculated leaves of the resistant addition line II-9-3 and the susceptible cultivar Fukuhokomugi (Fukuho). The results showed that there were 66 A. cristatum differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1389 wheat DEGs in II-9-3 during P. triticina infection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the DEGs of II-9-3 were associated with plant–pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway–plant, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, many defense-related A. cristatum genes, such as two NLR genes, seven receptor kinase-encoding genes, and four transcription factor-encoding genes, were identified. Our results indicated that the key step of resistance to leaf rust involves, firstly, the gene expression of chromosome 2P upstream of the immune pathway and, secondly, the effect of chromosome 2P on the co-expression of wheat genes in II-9-3. The disease resistance regulatory pathways and related genes in the addition line II-9-3 thus could play a critical role in the effective utilization of innovative resources for leaf rust resistance in wheat breeding.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Han B, Sun Y, Kang X, Zhang M, Han H, Zhou S, Liu W, Lu Y, Yang X, Li X, Zhang J, Liu X, Li L. Introgression of chromosome 1P from Agropyron cristatum reduces leaf size and plant height to improve the plant architecture of common wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1951-1963. [PMID: 35378599 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introducing Agropyron cristatum chromosome 1P into common wheat can significantly reduce the plant height and leaf size, which can improve the plant architecture of common wheat. A new direction in crop breeding is the improvement of plant architecture for dense plantings to obtain higher yields. Wild relatives carry an abundant genetic variation that can increase the diversity of genes for crop genetic improvement. In this study, the A. cristatum 1P addition line, 1PS and 1PL telosomic addition lines were obtained by backcrossing the addition/substitution line II-3-1 (2n = 20'' W + 1P" + 2P") with the commercial recurrent parent cv. Jimai 22. Four continuous years of agronomic trait investigation in the genetic populations suggested that the introduction of A. cristatum chromosome 1P into wheat can significantly improve wheat plant architecture by reducing the plant height, leaf length and leaf width. A. cristatum chromosome arm 1PS reduced the plant height and leaf length of wheat, whereas introducing A. cristatum chromosome arm 1PL reduced the plant height, leaf length and leaf width. Altogether, our results demonstrated that A. cristatum chromosome 1P carries the dominant genes for small leaves and a dwarf habit for the enhancement of plant architecture in wheat. This study highlights wild relative donors as new gene resources for improving wheat plant architecture for dense planting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bohui Han
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xilu Kang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiming Han
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuquan Li
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lihui Li
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han H, Qiu R, Liu Y, Zhou X, Gao C, Pang Y, Zhao Y. Analysis of Chloroplast Genomes Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Agropyron. Front Genet 2022; 13:832809. [PMID: 35145553 PMCID: PMC8821885 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.832809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the Agropyron genus are important pasture resources, and they also play important roles in the ecological restoration. Chloroplast genomes are inherited from maternal parents, and they are important for studying species taxonomy and evolution. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of five typical species of the Agropyron genus (eg., A. cristatum × A. desertorum Fisch. Schult, A. desertorum, A. desertorum Fisch. Schult. cv. Nordan, A. michnoi Roshev, and A. mongolicum Keng) using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. We found that these five chloroplast genomes exhibit a typical quadripartite structure with a conserved genome arrangement and structure. Their chloroplast genomes contain the large single-copy regions (LSC, 79,613 bp-79,634 bp), the small single-copy regions (SSC, 12,760 bp-12,768 bp), and the inverted repeat regions (IR, 43,060 bp-43,090 bp). Each of the five chloroplast genomes contains 129 genes, including 38 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and 83 protein-coding genes. Among them, the genes trnG-GCC, matK, petL, ccsA, and rpl32 showed significant nucleotide diversity in these five species, and they may be used as molecular markers in taxonomic studies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. mongolicum is closely related to A. michnoi, while others have a closer genetic relationship with the Triticum genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Han
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yefei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cuiping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Pang, ; Yan Zhao,
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources (IMAU), Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, College of Grassland, Resource and Environmental Science, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Pang, ; Yan Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|