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Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Kurowska M, Till BJ, Szarejko I. Is it the end of TILLING era in plant science? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1160695. [PMID: 37674734 PMCID: PMC10477672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction in 2000, the TILLING strategy has been widely used in plant research to create novel genetic diversity. TILLING is based on chemical or physical mutagenesis followed by the rapid identification of mutations within genes of interest. TILLING mutants may be used for functional analysis of genes and being nontransgenic, they may be directly used in pre-breeding programs. Nevertheless, classical mutagenesis is a random process, giving rise to mutations all over the genome. Therefore TILLING mutants carry background mutations, some of which may affect the phenotype and should be eliminated, which is often time-consuming. Recently, new strategies of targeted genome editing, including CRISPR/Cas9-based methods, have been developed and optimized for many plant species. These methods precisely target only genes of interest and produce very few off-targets. Thus, the question arises: is it the end of TILLING era in plant studies? In this review, we recap the basics of the TILLING strategy, summarize the current status of plant TILLING research and present recent TILLING achievements. Based on these reports, we conclude that TILLING still plays an important role in plant research as a valuable tool for generating genetic variation for genomics and breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Kurowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bradley J. Till
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Frittelli A, Botticella E, Palombieri S, Masci S, Celletti S, Fontanella MC, Astolfi S, De Vita P, Volpato M, Sestili F. The suppression of TdMRP3 genes reduces the phytic acid and increases the nutrient accumulation in durum wheat grain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1079559. [PMID: 36743506 PMCID: PMC9890658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition affects more than half of the world population. Reduced bioavailability of microelements in the raw materials is considered one of the main causes of mineral deficiency in populations whose diet is largely based on the consumption of staple crops. In this context, the production of low phytic acid (lpa) cereals is a main goal of the breeding programs, as phytic acid (PA) binds essential mineral cations such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) precipitating in the form of phytate salts poorly digested by monogastric animals, including humans, due to the lack of phytases in the digestive tract. Since PA limits the bioavailability of microelements, it is widely recognized as an anti-nutritional compound. A Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach has been undertaken to silence the genes encoding the TdABCC13 proteins, known as Multidrug-Resistance associated Proteins 3 (TdMRP3), transporters involved in the accumulation of PA inside the vacuole in durum wheat. The TdMRP3 complete null genotypes showed a significant reduction in the content of PA and were able to accumulate a higher amount of essential micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) compared to the control. The number of spikelets and seeds per spike, traits associated with the agronomic performances, were reduced compared to the control, but the negative effect was in part balanced by the increased grain weight. The TdMRP3 mutant lines showed morphological differences in the root apparatus such as a significant decrease in the number of root tips, root length, volume and surface area and an increase in root average diameter compared to the control plants. These materials represent a promising basis for obtaining new commercial durum wheats with higher nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Frittelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Botticella
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Fontanella
- Department for Sustainable Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Quagliata G, Abdirad S, Celletti S, Sestili F, Astolfi S. Screening of Triticum turgidum genotypes for tolerance to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:271-280. [PMID: 36442359 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to reduced yields and economic losses. Effective germplasm screening for drought tolerance particularly under managed water-deficit conditions is an effective way of selecting materials for advanced breeding programs. Here, 37 Triticum turgidum genotypes, including landraces, ancient and modern genotypes, along with 2 tritordeum cultivars, were subjected to water-deficit stress through the application of 10% (w/v) PEG 6000 and to re-watering treatment in controlled environment, and at the end of each treatment, several physiological and morphological traits were investigated. Our results revealed large variation in shoot and root fresh weight, proline, chlorophyll, and MDA concentration, and also in root morphological traits across the 37 genotypes. The hierarchical clustering of the physiological and morphological traits led to the identification of tolerant and sensitive genotypes to water-deficit stress and also reveals those genotypes characterized by deep-rooting and shallow-rooting systems. By integrating both datasets, three outstanding genotypes, namely Karim, Svems 20, and Svems 18 were identified as the most tolerant genotypes with deep-rooting system. On the other hand, Iride and Bulel tritordeum, were introduced as the most sensitive genotypes with shallow-rooting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Quagliata
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S Abdirad
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S Celletti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - F Sestili
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S Astolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Romano G, Del Coco L, Milano F, Durante M, Palombieri S, Sestili F, Visioni A, Jilal A, Fanizzi FP, Laddomada B. Phytochemical Profiling and Untargeted Metabolite Fingerprinting of the MEDWHEALTH Wheat, Barley and Lentil Wholemeal Flours. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244070. [PMID: 36553812 PMCID: PMC9777840 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An important research target is improving the health benefits of traditional Mediterranean, durum wheat-based foods using innovative raw materials. In this study, we characterised wholemeal flours obtained from a traditional durum wheat cv. Svevo, two innovative durum wheat varieties (Svevo-High Amylose and Faridur), the naked barley cv. Chifaa and the elite lentil line 6002/ILWL118/1-1, evaluating them for targeted phytochemicals, untargeted metabolomics fingerprints and antioxidant capacity. To this aim, individual phenolic acids, flavonoids, tocochromanols and carotenoids were identified and quantified through HPLC-DAD, and the antioxidant capacities of both the extracts and whole meals were detected by ABTS assays. An untargeted metabolomics fingerprinting of the samples was conducted through NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that the innovative materials improved phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacity compared to Svevo. In particular, Svevo-HA and Faridur had higher contents of ferulic and sinapic acids, β-tocotrienol and lutein. Moreover, Chifaa is a rich source of phenolic acids, β-tocopherols, lutein and zeaxanthin whereas lentil of flavonoids (i.e., catechin and procyanidin B2). The NMR profiles of Svevo-HA and Faridur showed a significant reduction of sugar content, malate and tryptophan compared to that of Svevo. Finally, substantial differences characterised the lentil profiles, especially for citrate, trigonelline and phenolic resonances of secondary metabolites, such as catechin-like compounds. Overall, these results support the potential of the above innovative materials to renew the health value of traditional Mediterranean durum wheat-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Romano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Milano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Visioni
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, Rabat P.O. Box 6299, Morocco
| | - Abderrazek Jilal
- National Institute for Agricultural Research Morocco (INRAM), Rabat P.O. Box 415, Morocco
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.F.); (B.L.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-9265 (F.P.F.); +39-08-3242-2613 (B.L.)
| | - Barbara Laddomada
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.F.); (B.L.); Tel.: +39-08-3229-9265 (F.P.F.); +39-08-3242-2613 (B.L.)
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