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Derbyshire MC, Newman TE, Thomas WJW, Batley J, Edwards D. The complex relationship between disease resistance and yield in crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2612-2623. [PMID: 38743906 PMCID: PMC11331782 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In plants, growth and defence are controlled by many molecular pathways that are antagonistic to one another. This results in a 'growth-defence trade-off', where plants temporarily reduce growth in response to pests or diseases. Due to this antagonism, genetic variants that improve resistance often reduce growth and vice versa. Therefore, in natural populations, the most disease resistant individuals are often the slowest growing. In crops, slow growth may translate into a yield penalty, but resistance is essential for protecting yield in the presence of disease. Therefore, plant breeders must balance these traits to ensure optimal yield potential and yield stability. In crops, both qualitative and quantitative disease resistance are often linked with genetic variants that cause yield penalties, but this is not always the case. Furthermore, both crop yield and disease resistance are complex traits influenced by many aspects of the plant's physiology, morphology and environment, and the relationship between the molecular growth-defence trade-off and disease resistance-yield antagonism is not well-understood. In this article, we highlight research from the last 2 years on the molecular mechanistic basis of the antagonism between defence and growth. We then discuss the interaction between disease resistance and crop yield from a breeding perspective, outlining the complexity and nuances of this relationship and where research can aid practical methods for simultaneous improvement of yield potential and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Toby E. Newman
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - William J. W. Thomas
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - David Edwards
- Centre for Applied Bioinformatics and School of Biological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Hou F, Jin Y, Hu J, Kong L, Liu X, Xing L, Cao A, Zhang R. Transferring an Adult-Plant Stripe-Rust Resistance Gene Yr7VS from Chromosome 7V of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) to Bread Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1875. [PMID: 38999715 PMCID: PMC11244515 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f.sp. tritici, Pst) is a destructive disease that seriously threatens wheat production globally. Exploring novel resistance genes for use in wheat breeding is an urgent need, as continuous Pst evolution frequently leads to a breakdown of host resistance. Here, we identified a set of wheat-Dasypyrum villosum 01I139 (V#6) disomic introgression lines for the purpose of determining their responses to a mixture of Pst isolates CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34 at both seedling and adult-plant stages. The results showed that all introgression lines exhibited high susceptibility at the seedling stage, with infection-type (IT) scores in the range of 6-8, whereas, for chromosomes 5V#6 and 7V#6, disomic addition lines NAU5V#6-1 and NAU7V#6-1 displayed high resistance at the adult-plant stage, indicating that adult-plant resistance (APR) genes were located on them. Further, in order to transfer the stripe-rust resistance on chromosome 7V#6, four new wheat-D. villosum introgression lines were identified, by the use of molecular cytogenetic approaches, from the self-pollinated seeds of 7D and 7V#6, in double monosomic line NAU7V#6-2. Among them, NAU7V#6-3 and NAU7V#6-4 were t7V#6L and t7V#6S monosomic addition lines, and NAU7V#6-5 and NAU7V#6-6 were homozygous T7DS·7V#6L and T7DL·7V#6S whole-arm translocation lines. Stripe-rust tests and genetic analyses of chromosome 7V#6 introgression lines revealed a dominant APR gene designated as Yr7VS on the chromosome arm 7V#6S. Comparison with the homozygous T7DL·7V#6S translocation line and the recurrent parent NAU0686 showed no significant differences in yield-related traits. Thus, T7DL·7V#6S whole-arm translocation with the APR gene Yr7VS provided a valuable germplasm for breeding for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Area in Jiangsu, Huaian 223001, China
| | - Yinyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingna Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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Hou F, Chen H, Zhang T, Jin Y, Kong L, Liu X, Xing L, Cao A, Zhang R. Introgression of an All-Stage and Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Pm3VS from Dasypyrum villosum Chromosome 3V into Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2073-2080. [PMID: 38389384 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2495-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a serious disease that threatens wheat production globally. It is imperative to explore novel resistance genes to control this disease by developing and planting resistant varieties. Here, we identified a wheat-Dasypyrum villosum 3V (3D) disomic substitution line, NAU3815 (2n = 42), with a high level of powdery mildew resistance at both the seedling and adult-plant stages. Subsequently, NAU3815 was used to generate recombination between chromosomes 3V and 3D. Through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 3VS- and 3VL-specific markers analysis, four introgression lines were developed from the selfing progenies of 3V and 3D double monosomic line NAU3816, which was derived from the F1 hybrids of NAU3815/NAU0686. There were t3VS (3D) ditelosomic substitution line NAU3817, t3VL (3D) ditelosomic substitution line NAU3818, homozygous T3DL·3VS translocation line NAU3819, and homozygous T3DS·3VL translocation line NAU3820. Powdery mildew tests of these lines confirmed the presence of an all-stage and broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm3VS, located on chromosome arm 3VS. When compared with the recurrent parent NAU0686 plants, the T3DL·3VS translocation line NAU3819 showed no obvious negative effect on yield-related traits. However, the introduction of the T3DL·3VS translocated chromosome had a strong effect on reducing the flag-leaf length. Consequently, the T3DL·3VS translocation line NAU3819 provides a new germplasm in breeding for both resistance and plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hou
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Area in Jiangsu, Huaian 223001, China
| | - Heyu Chen
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yinyu Jin
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lingna Kong
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Liping Xing
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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Wei Y, Zhang T, Jin Y, Li W, Kong L, Liu X, Xing L, Cao A, Zhang R. Introgression of an adult-plant powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4VL from Dasypyrum villosum chromosome 4V into bread wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1401525. [PMID: 38966140 PMCID: PMC11222578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1401525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) seriously threatens wheat production worldwide. It is imperative to identify novel resistance genes from wheat and its wild relatives to control this disease by host resistance. Dasypyrum villosum (2n = 2x = 14, VV) is a relative of wheat and harbors novel genes for resistance against multi-fungal diseases. In the present study, we developed a complete set of new wheat-D. villosum disomic introgression lines through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular markers analysis, including four disomic substitution lines (2n=42) containing respectively chromosomes 1V#6, 2V#6, 3V#6, and 6V#6, and four disomic addition lines (2n=44) containing respectively chromosomes 4V#6, 5V#6, 6V#6 and 7V#6. These lines were subsequently evaluated for their responses to a mixture Bgt isolates at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Results showed that introgression lines containing chromosomes 3V#6, 5V#6, and 6V#6 exhibited resistance at both seedling and adult-plant stages, whereas the chromosome 4V#6 disomic addition line NAU4V#6-1 exhibited a high level of adult plant resistance to powdery mildew. Moreover, two translocation lines were further developed from the progenies of NAU4V#6-1 and the Ph1b mutation line NAU0686-ph1b. They were T4DL·4V#6S whole-arm translocation line NAU4V#6-2 and T7DL·7DS-4V#6L small-fragment translocation line NAU4V#6-3. Powdery mildew tests of the two lines confirmed the presence of an adult-plant powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm4VL, located on the terminal segment of chromosome arm 4V#6L (FL 0.6-1.00). In comparison with the recurrent parent NAU0686 plants, the T7DL·7DS-4V#6L translocation line NAU4V#6-3 showed no obvious negative effect on yield-related traits, providing a new germplasm in breeding for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinyu Jin
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingna Kong
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xing
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application, JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wang J, Wang E, Cheng S, Ma A. Genetic insights into superior grain number traits: a QTL analysis of wheat-Agropyron cristatum derivative pubing3228. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:271. [PMID: 38605289 PMCID: PMC11008026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agropyron cristatum (L.) is a valuable genetic resource for expanding the genetic diversity of common wheat. Pubing3228, a novel wheat-A. cristatum hybrid germplasm, exhibits several desirable agricultural traits, including high grain number per spike (GNS). Understanding the genetic architecture of GNS in Pubing3228 is crucial for enhancing wheat yield. This study aims to analyze the specific genetic regions and alleles associated with high GNS in Pubing3228. METHODS The study employed a recombination inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Pubing3228 and Jing4839 to investigate the genetic regions and alleles linked to high GNS. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis and candidate gene investigation were utilized to explore these traits. RESULTS A total of 40 QTLs associated with GNS were identified across 16 chromosomes, accounting for 4.25-17.17% of the total phenotypic variation. Five QTLs (QGns.wa-1D, QGns.wa-5 A, QGns.wa-7Da.1, QGns.wa-7Da.2 and QGns.wa-7Da.3) accounter for over 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least two environments. Furthermore, 94.67% of the GNS QTL with positive effects originated from Pubing3228. Candidate gene analysis of stable QTLs identified 11 candidate genes for GNS, including a senescence-associated protein gene (TraesCS7D01G148000) linked to the most significant SNP (AX-108,748,734) on chromosome 7D, potentially involved in reallocating nutrients from senescing tissues to developing seeds. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying high GNS in Pubing3228, offering valuable resources for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding to enhance yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, North to Weilailu road, New district, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China.
| | - Erwei Wang
- Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Science, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467001, China
| | - Shiping Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, North to Weilailu road, New district, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Aichu Ma
- Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Science, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467001, China
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Lu C, Du J, Chen H, Gong S, Jin Y, Meng X, Zhang T, Fu B, Molnár I, Holušová K, Said M, Xing L, Kong L, Doležel J, Li G, Wu J, Chen P, Cao A, Zhang R. Wheat Pm55 alleles exhibit distinct interactions with an inhibitor to cause different powdery mildew resistance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:503. [PMID: 38218848 PMCID: PMC10787760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew poses a significant threat to wheat crops worldwide, emphasizing the need for durable disease control strategies. The wheat-Dasypyrum villosum T5AL·5 V#4 S and T5DL·5 V#4 S translocation lines carrying powdery mildew resistant gene Pm55 shows developmental-stage and tissue-specific resistance, whereas T5DL·5 V#5 S line carrying Pm5V confers resistance at all stages. Here, we clone Pm55 and Pm5V, and reveal that they are allelic and renamed as Pm55a and Pm55b, respectively. The two Pm55 alleles encode coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CNL) proteins, conferring broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. However, they interact differently with a linked inhibitor gene, SuPm55 to cause different resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Notably, Pm55 and SuPm55 encode unrelated CNL proteins, and the inactivation of SuPm55 significantly reduces plant fitness. Combining SuPm55/Pm55a and Pm55b in wheat does not result in allele suppression or yield penalty. Our results provide not only insights into the suppression of resistance in wheat, but also a strategy for breeding durable resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntian Lu
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Heyu Chen
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, P.R. China
| | - Yinyu Jin
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Xiangru Meng
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Bisheng Fu
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - István Molnár
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holušová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 9 Gamma Street, 12619, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Liping Xing
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Lingna Kong
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - Peidu Chen
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Application /JCIC-MCP, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China.
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.
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