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Capitanio JP, Del Rosso LA, Yee J, Lemoy MJMF. An analysis of risk factors for spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes mellitus in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12695. [PMID: 38454195 PMCID: PMC10936567 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Human literature suggests factors beyond well-known risk factors (e.g., age, body mass index) for T2D: cytomegalovirus serostatus, season of birth, maternal age, birth weight, and depression. Nothing is known, however, about whether these variables are influential in primate models of T2D. METHODS Using a retrospective methodology, we identified 22 cases of spontaneously occurring T2D among rhesus monkeys at our facility. A control sample of n = 1199 was identified. RESULTS Animals born to mothers that were ≤5.5 years of age, and animals that showed heightened Activity and Emotionality in response to brief separation in infancy, had a greater risk for development of T2D in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of additional risk factors for T2D could help colony managers better identify at-risk animals and enable diabetes researchers to select animals that might be more responsive to their manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Capitanio
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Laura A Del Rosso
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - JoAnn Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Malamitsi-Puchner A, Briana DD. Advanced parental age affects cardiometabolic risk in offspring. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:2307-2311. [PMID: 37410550 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age at conception usually refers to human mothers aged 35 years plus and fathers aged 40 years plus. Advanced parental age may be responsible for genetic and/or epigenetic alterations and may affect the health of offspring. Limited epidemiological and experimental studies have addressed the effect of advanced parental age on cardio-metabolic functions in human and rodent offspring. This mini review aimed to present the knowledge by focusing on adverse and favourable outcomes related to sex-specific risks and intergenerational inheritance. The outcomes identified by this review were mainly negative, but there were also some positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina D Briana
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Tanoey J, Baechle C, Brenner H, Deckert A, Fricke J, Günther K, Karch A, Keil T, Kluttig A, Leitzmann M, Mikolajczyk R, Obi N, Pischon T, Schikowski T, Schipf SM, Schulze MB, Sedlmeier A, Moreno Velásquez I, Weber KS, Völzke H, Ahrens W, Gastell S, Holleczek B, Jöckel KH, Katzke V, Lieb W, Michels KB, Schmidt B, Teismann H, Becher H. Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the German National Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10880. [PMID: 36078596 PMCID: PMC9517906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Global incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is rising and nearly half occurred in adults. However, it is unclear if certain early-life childhood T1D risk factors were also associated with adult-onset T1D. This study aimed to assess associations between birth order, delivery mode or daycare attendance and type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk in a population-based cohort and whether these were similar for childhood- and adult-onset T1D (cut-off age 15); (2) Methods: Data were obtained from the German National Cohort (NAKO Gesundheitsstudie) baseline assessment. Self-reported diabetes was classified as T1D if: diagnosis age ≤ 40 years and has been receiving insulin treatment since less than one year after diagnosis. Cox regression was applied for T1D risk analysis; (3) Results: Analyses included 101,411 participants (100 childhood- and 271 adult-onset T1D cases). Compared to "only-children", HRs for second- or later-born individuals were 0.70 (95% CI = 0.50-0.96) and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45-0.94), respectively, regardless of parental diabetes, migration background, birth year and perinatal factors. In further analyses, higher birth order reduced T1D risk in children and adults born in recent decades. Caesarean section and daycare attendance showed no clear associations with T1D risk; (4) Conclusions: Birth order should be considered in both children and adults' T1D risk assessment for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Tanoey
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Baechle
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Deckert
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Günther
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Biobank Technology Platform, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine—IUF, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine M. Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Sedlmeier
- Department for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ilais Moreno Velásquez
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry und Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry und Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Exploring the effects of birth order on human lifespan in Polish historical populations, 1738–1968. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
While the relationships between birth order and later outcomes in life, including health and wealth, have been the subject of investigation for several decades, little or no data exist regarding the relationship between birth order and life expectancy in the Polish population. The aim of this study was to explore the link between birth order and lifespan in Polish historical populations. We obtained 8523 records from a historical dataset that was established for parishioners from the borough of Bejsce, including 4463 males and 4060 females. These data pertain to the populations that lived over a long period in a group of localities for which parish registers were well preserved. The Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and ANCOVA were run. The results strongly suggest that birth order affects male longevity. However, no such association was found for females. On balance, the hypothesis that first-born boys live longer because they are born to relatively younger parents has received some empirical support and deserves further study. We hypothesise that the effects of birth order on human health and lifespan might be overshadowed by other factors, including educational attainment, socioeconomic status and lifestyle.
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Eitmann S, Németh D, Hegyi P, Szakács Z, Garami A, Balaskó M, Solymár M, Erőss B, Kovács E, Pétervári E. Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16:e13031. [PMID: 32567808 PMCID: PMC7503101 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's insulin sensitivity—following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement. Studies published in English before April 22, 2019, were identified through searches of four medical databases. After selection, 15 studies aiming to explore the association between prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) or gestational weight gain (GWG) of non‐diabetic mothers and their offspring's insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin or glucose level and Homeostatic Measurement Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA‐IR]) were included in the meta‐analysis. Associations of ppBMI and GWG with offspring's insulin sensitivity were analysed by pooling regression coefficients or standardized differences in means with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Maternal ppBMI showed significant positive correlations with the level of both fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR in offspring (standardized regression coefficient for fasting insulin: 0.107, CI [0.053, 0.160], p < 0.001 and that for HOMA‐IR: 0.063, CI [0.006, 0.121], p = 0.031). However, the result of the analysis on coefficients adjusted for offspring's actual anthropometry (BMI and adiposity) was not significant. Independent from ppBMI, GWG tended to show a positive correlation with insulin level, but not after adjustment for offspring's anthropometry. Offspring of mothers with excessive GWG showed significantly higher HOMA‐IR than those of mothers with optimal GWG (p = 0.004). Our results demonstrate that both higher ppBMI and GWG increase the risk of offspring's insulin resistance, but the effect of ppBMI on insulin sensitivity in offspring may develop as consequence of their adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szimonetta Eitmann
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Németh
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakács
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Garami
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Balaskó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Margit Solymár
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kovács
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pétervári
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Shah A, Cooke CLM, Kirschenman RD, Quon AL, Morton JS, Care AS, Davidge ST. Sex-specific effects of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular function in aged adult rat offspring. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1724-H1734. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00375.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy at an advanced maternal age has an increased risk of complications for both the mothers and their offspring. We have previously shown that advanced maternal age in a rat model leads to poor fetal outcomes, maternal vascular dysfunction, and hypertension, concordant with findings in humans. Moreover, offspring from aged dams had sex-specific cardiovascular dysfunction in young adulthood. However, the detrimental impact of aging on the cardiovascular system of the offspring in this model is unknown. We hypothesized that offspring born to aged dams (9.5–10 mo old) would have impaired cardiovascular function at 12 mo of age. Echocardiographic data revealed signs of mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in only male offspring from aged dams [isovolumetric relaxation time: 34.27 ± 2.04 in the young dam group vs. 27.61 ± 0.99 ms in the aged dam group, P < 0.01; mitral annular velocity ratio ( E′/ A′): 1.08 ± 0.04 in the young dam group vs. 0.96 ± 0.02 in the aged dam group, P < 0.05]. We have previously shown that in young adulthood (4 mo of age), male, but not female, offspring born to aged dams had impaired recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Aging did not alter the susceptibility of female offspring to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interestingly, wire myography data revealed that male offspring from aged dams had enhanced vascular sensitivity to methacholine (negative log of EC50: 7.4 ± 0.08 in young dams vs. 7.9 ± 0.11 in aged dams, P = 0.007) due, in part, to increased prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation. Despite intact endothelium-dependent relaxation, female offspring from aged dams had elevated systolic blood pressure (125.3 ± 4.2 mmHg in young dams vs. 144.0 ± 6.9 mmHg in aged dams, P = 0.03). These data highlight sex-specific mechanisms underlying cardiovascular programming in offspring born to dams of advanced age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrated that adult male and female offspring (12 mo old) born to aged dams had impaired cardiac diastolic function and increased blood pressure, respectively, signifying sex-specific differential cardiovascular effects of advanced maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn M. Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raven D. Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anita L. Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alison S. Care
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Verroken C, Zmierczak HG, Goemaere S, Kaufman JM, Lapauw B. Maternal age at childbirth is associated with offspring insulin sensitivity: a cross-sectional study in adult male siblings. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:52-59. [PMID: 27726168 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal age at childbirth is increasing worldwide, but studies investigating the consequences of this trend on offspring metabolic health are scarce. We investigated the associations of maternal age at childbirth with metabolic outcomes in adult male siblings. METHODS We used data from 586 men aged 25-45 participating in a cross-sectional, population-based sibling-pair study, including maternal age at childbirth and offspring birthweight, adult weight, height, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body composition, blood pressure, and total cholesterol, glucose and insulin levels from fasting serum samples. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Maternal age at childbirth was 27·1 ± 4·7 years and was inversely associated with glucose levels (β = -0·10, P = 0·022) and HOMA-IR (β = -0·06, P = 0·065) in age- and body composition-adjusted analyses. Moreover, sons of younger (aged <25 and 25-29) and older (aged ≥35) mothers had higher HOMA-IR values than sons of mothers aged 30-34 (1·39, 1·35 and 1·42 vs 1·19, P = 0·028). Additional adjustment for birthweight did not substantially alter these results. Maternal age was inversely associated with cholesterol levels in unadjusted (β = -0·09, P = 0·032), but not in age- and body composition-adjusted analyses. No associations of maternal age were observed with blood pressure, leptin, or adiponectin levels or with any of the body composition measurements. CONCLUSIONS Increasing maternal age at childbirth is associated with lower fasting glucose levels and higher insulin sensitivity in adult male offspring. However, this association might not hold true in offspring of women aged ≥35 years at childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Verroken
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans-Georg Zmierczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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Velazquez MA, Smith CGC, Smyth NR, Osmond C, Fleming TP. Advanced maternal age causes adverse programming of mouse blastocysts leading to altered growth and impaired cardiometabolic health in post-natal life. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1970-80. [PMID: 27402911 PMCID: PMC4991661 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does advanced maternal age (AMA) in mice affect cardiometabolic health during post-natal life in offspring derived from an assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedure? SUMMARY ANSWER Offspring derived from blastocysts collected from aged female mice displayed impaired body weight gain, blood pressure, glucose metabolism and organ allometry during post-natal life compared with offspring derived from blastocysts from young females; since all blastocysts were transferred to normalized young mothers, this effect is independent of maternal pregnancy conditions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although studies in mice have shown that AMA can affect body weight and behaviour of offspring derived from natural reproduction, data on the effects of AMA on offspring cardiometabolic health during post-natal development are not available. Given the increasing use of ART to alleviate infertility in women of AMA, it is pivotal to develop ART-AMA models addressing the effects of maternal aging on offspring health. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Blastocysts from old (34-39 weeks) or young (8-9 weeks) C57BL/6 females mated with young CBA males (13-15 weeks) were either subjected to differential cell staining (inner cell mass and trophectoderm) or underwent embryo transfer (ET) into young MF1 surrogates (8-9 weeks) to produce young (Young-ET, 9 litters) and old (Old-ET, 10 litters) embryo-derived offspring. Offspring health monitoring was carried out for 30 weeks. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All animals were fed with standard chow. Blood pressure was measured at post-natal Weeks 9, 15 and 21, and at post-natal Week 30 a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed. Two days after the GTT mice were killed for organ allometry. Blastocyst cell allocation variables were evaluated by T-test and developmental data were analysed with a multilevel random effects regression model. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The total number of cells in blastocysts from aged mice was decreased (P < 0.05) relative to young mice due to a lower number of cells in the trophectoderm (mean ± SEM: 34.5 ± 2.1 versus 29.6 ± 1.0). Weekly body weight did not differ in male offspring, but an increase in body weight from Week 13 onwards was observed in Old-ET females (final body weight at post-natal Week 30: 38.5 ± 0.8 versus 33.4 ± 0.8 g, P < 0.05). Blood pressure was increased in Old-ET offspring at Weeks 9-15 in males (Week 9: 108.5 ± 3.13 versus 100.8 ± 1.5 mmHg, Week 15: 112.9 ± 3.2 versus 103.4 ± 2.1 mmHg) and Week 15 in females (115.9 ± 3.7 versus 102.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; all P < 0.05 versus Young-ET). The GTT results and organ allometry were not affected in male offspring. In contrast, Old-ET females displayed a greater (P < 0.05) peak glucose concentration at 30 min during the GTT (21.1 ± 0.4 versus 17.8 ± 1.16 mmol/l) and their spleen weight (88.2 ± 2.6 ± 105.1 ± 4.6 mg) and several organ:body weight ratios (g/g × 10(3)) were decreased (P < 0.05 versus Young-ET), including the heart (3.7 ± 0.06 versus 4.4 ± 0.08), lungs (4.4 ± 0.1 versus 5.0 ± 0.1), spleen (2.4 ± 0.06 versus 3.2 ± 0.1) and liver (36.4 ± 0.6 versus 39.1 ± 0.9). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Results from experimental animal models cannot be extrapolated to humans. Nevertheless, they are valuable to develop conceptual models that can produce hypotheses for eventual testing in the target species (i.e. humans). WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data show that offspring from mouse embryos from aged mothers can develop altered phenotypes during post-natal development compared with embryos from young mothers. Because all embryos were transferred into young mothers for the duration of pregnancy to normalize the maternal in vivo environment, our findings indicate that adverse programming via AMA is already established at the blastocyst stage. Whilst human embryos display increased aneuploidy compared with mouse, we believe our data have implications for women of AMA undergoing assisted reproduction, including surrogacy programmes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported through the European Union FP7-CP-FP Epihealth programme (278418) to T.P.F. and the BBSRC (BB/F007450/1) to T.P.F. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Velazquez
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - C G C Smith
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - N R Smyth
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - T P Fleming
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Bruno G, Gruden G, Songini M. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in age groups above 15 years: facts, hypothesis and prospects for future epidemiologic research. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:339-47. [PMID: 26787492 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although onset of type 1 diabetes can occur in adulthood, epidemiological data are scarce, limiting our potential to identify unknown determinants of the disease. Paucity of registries expanding the recruitment of incident cases up to adulthood, atypical clinical features of type 1 diabetes at onset, misclassification of type 1 as type 2 diabetes and little use of markers of β-cell autoimmunity represents major obstacles in studying the risk of type 1 diabetes in adults. New strategies in study design, data collection and analyses may overcome these problems in the future. Population-based surveys and registries including adulthood; use of etiological rather than clinical criteria to define type 1 diabetes; availability of electronic health records as prescription data sources to avoid missing data; and application of proper statistical methods will be instrumental to gain better insight on the epidemiology and natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - G Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Albert BB, De Bock M, Derraik JGB, Brennan CM, Biggs JB, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Increasing parental age at childbirth is associated with greater insulin sensitivity and more favorable metabolic profile in overweight adult male offspring. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:380-6. [PMID: 25394335 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of parental age at childbirth on insulin sensitivity and other metabolic outcomes in overweight middle-aged males. METHODS We studied 73 men aged 46.0±5.4 years, who were overweight (body mass index, BMI 25-30 kg/m(2) ) but otherwise healthy. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Matsuda method from an oral glucose tolerance test. Other assessments included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition, lipid profile, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness. Maternal and paternal ages were highly correlated (r = 0.71; P < 0.0001), and the main parameter of interest in this study was the mean parental age at childbirth (MPAC), calculated as the average of maternal and paternal ages. RESULTS Increasing MPAC was associated with a continuous increase in insulin sensitivity (β = 0.193; P = 0.008), as well as reductions in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; β = -0.064; P = 0.011), fasting insulin (β = -0.221; P = 0.018) and fasting glucose (β = -0.030; P = 0.033) concentrations. Increasing MPAC was also associated with reductions in night time systolic (β = -0.500; P = 0.020) and diastolic (β = -0.325; P = 0.047) blood pressure, as well as with improved (greater) nocturnal diastolic blood pressure dipping (β = 0.413; P = 0.046). Subgroup analyses on participants of European descent (n = 64) showed that increasing MPAC was associated with reduced carotid intima-media thickness (β = -0.008; P = 0.018) and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (β = -0.042; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Increasing parental age at childbirth was associated with a more favorable metabolic phenotype in overweight middle-aged males. However, it is unknown whether the effect was maternal, paternal, or both. Future studies on the effects of parental age at childbirth on the metabolism of males and females across the BMI range are required.
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Savage T, Derraik JGB, Miles HL, Mouat F, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Increasing maternal age is associated with taller stature and reduced abdominal fat in their children. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58869. [PMID: 23527040 PMCID: PMC3604016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal age at childbirth continues to increase worldwide. We aimed to assess whether increasing maternal age is associated with changes in childhood height, body composition, and metabolism. METHODS 277 healthy pre-pubertal children, born 37-41 weeks gestation were studied. Assessments included: height and weight corrected for parental measurements, DEXA-derived body composition, fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, and hormonal profiles. Subjects were separated according to maternal age at childbirth: <30, 30-35, and >35 years. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 126 girls and 151 boys, aged 7.4 ± 2.2 years (range 3-10); maternal age at childbirth was 33.3 ± 4.7 years (range 19-44). Children of mothers aged >35 and 30-35 years at childbirth were taller than children of mothers aged <30 years by 0.26 (p = 0.002) and 0.23 (p = 0.042) SDS, respectively. There was a reduction in childhood BMISDS with increasing maternal age at childbirth, and children of mothers aged >35 years at childbirth were 0.61 SDS slimmer than those of mothers <30 years (p = 0.049). Children of mothers aged 30-35 (p = 0.022) and >35 (p = 0.036) years at childbirth had abdominal adiposity reduced by 10% and 13%, respectively, compared to those in the <30 group. Children of mothers aged 30-35 years at childbirth displayed a 19% increase in IGF-I concentrations compared to offspring in <30 group (p = 0.042). Conversely, IGF-II concentrations were lower among the children born to mothers aged 30-35 (6.5%; p = 0.004) and >35 (8.1%; p = 0.005) compared to those of mothers aged <30 years. Girls of mothers aged 30-35 years at childbirth also displayed improved HOMA-IR insulin sensitivity (p = 0.010) compared to girls born to mothers aged <30 years. CONCLUSIONS Increasing maternal age at childbirth is associated with a more favourable phenotype (taller stature and reduced abdominal fat) in their children, as well as improved insulin sensitivity in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Savage
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Harriet L. Miles
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fran Mouat
- Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Cardwell CR, Stene LC, Joner G, Bulsara MK, Cinek O, Rosenbauer J, Ludvigsson J, Jané M, Svensson J, Goldacre MJ, Waldhoer T, Jarosz-Chobot P, Gimeno SGA, Chuang LM, Parslow RC, Wadsworth EJK, Chetwynd A, Pozzilli P, Brigis G, Urbonaite B, Sipetic S, Schober E, Devoti G, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C, de Beaufort CE, Stoyanov D, Buschard K, Patterson CC. Maternal age at birth and childhood type 1 diabetes: a pooled analysis of 30 observational studies. Diabetes 2010; 59:486-94. [PMID: 19875616 PMCID: PMC2809958 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim if the study was to investigate whether children born to older mothers have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes by performing a pooled analysis of previous studies using individual patient data to adjust for recognized confounders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Relevant studies published before June 2009 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Authors of studies were contacted and asked to provide individual patient data or conduct prespecified analyses. Risk estimates of type 1 diabetes by maternal age were calculated for each study, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios and to investigate heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS Data were available for 5 cohort and 25 case-control studies, including 14,724 cases of type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was, on average, a 5% (95% CI 2-9) increase in childhood type 1 diabetes odds per 5-year increase in maternal age (P = 0.006), but there was heterogeneity among studies (heterogeneity I(2) = 70%). In studies with a low risk of bias, there was a more marked increase in diabetes odds of 10% per 5-year increase in maternal age. Adjustments for potential confounders little altered these estimates. CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of a weak but significant linear increase in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes across the range of maternal ages, but the magnitude of association varied between studies. A very small percentage of the increase in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in recent years could be explained by increases in maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Dyck RF, Cascagnette PJ, Klomp H. The Importance of Older Maternal Age Other Birth- Related Factors as Predictors for Diabetes in Offspring: Particular Implications for First Nations Women? Can J Diabetes 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(10)41009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pettitt DJ, Lawrence JM, Beyer J, Hillier TA, Liese AD, Mayer-Davis B, Loots B, Imperatore G, Liu L, Dolan LM, Linder B, Dabelea D. Association between maternal diabetes in utero and age at offspring's diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2008; 31:2126-30. [PMID: 18694977 PMCID: PMC2571061 DOI: 10.2337/dc08-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine age of diabetes diagnosis in youth who have a parent with diabetes by diabetes type and whether the parent's diabetes was diagnosed before or after the youth's birth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The cohort comprised SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study participants (diabetes diagnosis 2001-2005) with a diabetic parent. SEARCH is a multicenter survey of youth with diabetes diagnosed before age 20 years. RESULTS Youth with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have a parent with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes (mother 39.3%; father 21.2%) than youth with type 1 diabetes (5.3 and 6.7%, respectively, P < 0.001 for each). Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed 1.68 years earlier among those exposed to diabetes in utero (n = 174) than among those whose mothers' diabetes was diagnosed later (P = 0.018, controlled for maternal diagnosis age, paternal diabetes, sex, and race/ethnicity). Age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for 269 youth with and without in utero exposure did not differ significantly (difference 0.96 year, P = 0.403 after adjustment). Controlled for the father's age of diagnosis, father's diabetes before the child's birth was not associated with age at diagnosis (P = 0.078 for type 1 diabetes; P = 0.140 for type 2 diabetes). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed at younger ages among those exposed to hyperglycemia in utero. Among youth with type 1 diabetes, the effect of the intrauterine exposure was not significant when controlled for mother's age of diagnosis. This study helps explain why other studies have found higher age-specific rates of type 2 diabetes among offspring of women with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pettitt
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
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