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Zhang M, Lei YS, Meng XW, Liu HY, Li LG, Zhang J, Zhang JX, Tao WH, Peng K, Lin J, Ji FH. Iguratimod Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting Inflammatory Response Induced by Cardiac Fibroblast Pyroptosis via COX2/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:746317. [PMID: 34760889 PMCID: PMC8573346 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.746317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NLRP3 inflammasome contributes a lot to sterile inflammatory response and pyroptosis in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are regarded as semi-professional inflammatory cells and they exert an immunomodulatory role in heart. Iguratimod provides a protective role in several human diseases through exerting a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. However, it is still unclear whether iguratimod could alleviate myocardial I/R injury and whether inflammation triggered by NLRP3-related pyroptosis of CFs is involved in this process. Methods: Transcriptomics analysis for GSE160516 dataset was conducted to explore the biological function of differentially expressed genes during myocardial I/R. In vivo, mice underwent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. In vitro, primary CFs were subjected to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation for 3 h (H/R). Iguratimod was used prior to I/R or H/R. Myocardial infarct area, serum level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), pathology of myocardial tissue, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and the expression levels of mRNA and protein for pyroptosis-related molecules were measured. Immunofluorescence was applied to determine the cellular localization of NLRP3 protein in cardiac tissue. Results: During myocardial I/R, inflammatory response was found to be the most significantly enriched biological process, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling was a crucial pathway in mediating cardiac inflammation. In our experiments, pretreatment with iguratimod significantly ameliorated I/R-induced myocardial injury and H/R-induced pyroptosis of CFs, as evidenced by reduced myocardial infarct area, serum cTnI level, and LDH release in supernatants, as well as improved pathology of cardiac tissue and cell viability. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that NLRP3 was mainly localized in CFs. Moreover, iguratimod inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis-related molecules, including NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N. Conclusion: Our results suggested that inflammatory response mediated by NOD-like receptor signaling is of vital importance in myocardial I/R injury. Iguratimod protected cardiomyocytes through reducing the cascade of inflammation in heart by inhibiting cardiac fibroblast pyroptosis via the COX2/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua-Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin-Gui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fu-Hai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Zhang X, Zhu J, Yan J, Xiao Y, Yang R, Huang R, Zhou J, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zheng C, Wang Y. Systems pharmacology unravels the synergic target space and therapeutic potential of Rhodiola rosea L. for non-small cell lung cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153326. [PMID: 32992083 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common and mortal cancer worldwide. Rhodiola rosea L. (RR), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been turned out to be effective in anti-lung cancer therapy, but its molecular mechanism of action has not been clearly understood. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism underlying the effect of RR against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by systems pharmacology. METHODS The effects of RR on NSCLC were examined in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mice models. The possible molecular mechanism was unraveled by systems pharmacology, which includes pharmacokinetics evaluation, active compounds screening, target prediction and network analysis. Cell proliferation was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay; cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; protein and proinflammatory cytokines expression were evaluated by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In vivo, RR significantly inhibited the tumor growth and prolonged the survival of the tumor bearing mice. In silico, we identified 19 potential active molecules (e.g., salidroside and rhodiosin), 112 targets (e.g., COX-2 and AKT) and 27 pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway) for RR. Additionally, targets analysis and networks construction further revealed that RR exerted anti-cancer effects by regulating apoptosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. In vitro, salidroside could significantly decrease expression of pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF and eNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α). Also, Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein was decreased whereas Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, was increased. Further flow cytometry analysis showed that salidroside could induce apoptosis in H1975 cells. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistically, the antitumor effect of RR on NSCLC was responsible for the synergy among anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biological Availability
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Monosaccharides/pharmacology
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Rhodiola/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factor RelA
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangna Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruifei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, China.
| | - Chunli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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Hou C, Zhu X, Shi C, Peng Y, Huang D, Li Q, Miao Y. Iguratimod (T-614) attenuates severe acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109455. [PMID: 31541854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute abdominal disease that can develop locally to the multiple organs. It is characterized by pancreatic tissue self-digestion, and the rapid release of inflammatory cytokines, which play a dominant role in local or even systemic inflammation. In this study, we investigate the protective effect of T-614 against SAP induced by cerulein plus LPS in mice. Biochemical markers associated with pancreatitis in serum such as inflammatory cytokines, amylase and lipase activities were measured. Related proteins of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway were evaluated by western blotting. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate changes of inflammation in pancreatic tissue. T-614 significantly alleviated the elevation markers of pancreatitis and suppresses the pancreatic tissue damage, including histopathological and molecular manifestations. In conclusion, T-614 plays a protective role in experimental SAP mice model via anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Hou
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaole Zhu
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenyuan Shi
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Peng
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongya Huang
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Province, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ge ZW, Zhu XL, Wang BC, Hu JL, Sun JJ, Wang S, Chen XJ, Meng SP, Liu L, Cheng ZY. MicroRNA-26b relieves inflammatory response and myocardial remodeling of mice with myocardial infarction by suppression of MAPK pathway through binding to PTGS2. Int J Cardiol 2019; 280:152-159. [PMID: 30679074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cardiovascular disease caused by myocardial ischemia. Also, microRNA (miRNA) participates in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases, which can affect stem cell transplantation in the treatment of MI. In this study, our aim is to explore effect of miR-26b on inflammatory response and myocardial remodeling through the MAPK pathway by targeting PTGS2 in mice with MI. METHODS Microarray data analysis was conducted to screen MI-related differentially expressed gens (DEGs). Relationship between miR-26b and PTGS2 was testified. Cardiac function, inflammatory reaction, infarct size, and myocardial fibrosis were observed. The miR-26b expression and mRNA and protein levels of, PTGS2, ERK, JNK and p38 and Bcl-2/Bax were examined. The effect of miR-26b on cell apoptosis was also analyzed. RESULTS MiR-26b was predicted to target PTGS2 further to mediate the MAPK pathway, thus affecting MI. MiR-26b negatively targeted PTGS2. MI mice showed decreased cardiac function, as well as increased inflammatory reaction, myocardial injury, area of fibrosis and myocardial cell apoptosis. After injection of miR-26b agomir or NS-398 (PTGS2 inhibitor), inflammatory response of MI mice was attenuated and myocardial remodeling induced by MI was alleviated. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that miR-26b inhibits PTGS2 to activate the MAPK pathway, so as to reduce inflammatory response and improve myocardial remodeling in mice with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Wei Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Xi-Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Bao-Cai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Jun-Long Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Jun-Jie Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Xian-Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Shu-Ping Meng
- ICU of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China.
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Cao C, Fan R, Chen M, Li X, Xing M, Zhu F, Xue H, Wang K, Xu S. Inflammatory Response Occurs in Veins of Broiler Chickens Treated with a Selenium Deficiency Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:361-369. [PMID: 28871485 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been indicated to prevent chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. However, a few studies have indicated that Se deficiency can induce vascular diseases. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effect of Se deficiency on vascular pathology. A total of 60 male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30). The control group (C group) was fed a basic diet, and the Se-deficient group (L group) was fed a Se-deficient, corn-soy-based diet. Changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of inflammatory factors and inflammation-related cytokines were examined by both RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our results indicate that the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors and inflammation-related cytokines in the L group were significantly changed in the vein. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define the most important parameters that could be used as key factors. The in vitro experiments also demonstrated that Se can enhance the anti-inflammatory ability of vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, Se deficiency induces an inflammatory response by modulating inflammatory factors and inflammation-related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Cao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghao Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Xing
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fating Zhu
- National Selenium-Rich Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Xue
- National Selenium-Rich Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528231, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Over-activation of AKT signaling leading to 5-Fluorouracil resistance in SNU-C5/5-FU cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19911-19928. [PMID: 29731993 PMCID: PMC5929436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether over-activation of AKT pathway is important in the resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in SNU-C5/5-FU cells, 5-FU-resistant human colon cancer cells. When compared to wild type SNU-C5 cells (WT), SNU-C5/5-FU cells showed over-activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, like increased phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and GSK-3β, nuclear localization of β-catenin, and decreased E-cadherin. Moreover, E-cadherin level was down-regulated in recurrent colon cancer tissues compared to primary colon cancer tissues. Gene silencing of AKT1 or treatment of LY294002 (PI3 kinase inhibitor) increased E-cadherin, whereas decreased phospho-GSK-3β. LY294002 also reduced protein level of β-catenin with no influence on mRNA level. PTEN level was higher in SNU-C5/WT than SNU-C5/5-FU cells, whereas the loss of PETN in SNU-C5/WT cells induced characteristics of SNU-C5/5-FU cells. In SNU-C5/5-FU cells, NF-κB signaling was activated, along with the overexpression of COX-2 and stabilization of survivin. However, increased COX-2 contributed to the stabilization of survivin, which directly interacts with cytoplasmic procaspase-3, while the inhibition of AKT reduced this cascade. We finally confirmed that combination treatment with 5-FU and LY294002 or Vioxx could induce apoptosis in SNU-C5/5-FU cells. These data suggest that inhibition of AKT activation may overcome 5-FU-resistance in SNU-C5/5-FU cells. These findings provide evidence that over-activation of AKT is crucial for the acquisition of resistance to anticancer drugs and AKT pathway could be a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Hua KF, Chou JC, Ka SM, Tasi YL, Chen A, Wu SH, Chiu HW, Wong WT, Wang YF, Tsai CL, Ho CL, Lin CH. Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β production. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:863-74. [PMID: 25294243 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a reactive oxygen species-sensitive multiprotein complex that regulates IL-1β maturation via caspase-1. It also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related disease. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced by inflammatory stimuli and contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases. However, there is currently little known about the relationship between COX-2 and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we describe a novel role for COX-2 in regulating the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis in macrophages were reduced by pharmaceutical inhibition or genetic knockdown of COX-2. COX-2 catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and increases IL-1β secretion. Conversely, pharmaceutical inhibition or genetic knockdown of prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 reduced IL-1β secretion. The underlying mechanisms for the COX-2-mediated increase in NLRP3 inflammasome activation were determined to be the following: (1) enhancement of lipopolysaccharide-induced proIL-1β and NLRP3 expression by increasing NF-κB activation and (2) enhancement of the caspase-1 activation by increasing damaged mitochondria, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and release of mitochondrial DNA into cytosol. Furthermore, inhibition of COX-2 in mice in vivo with celecoxib reduced serum levels of IL-1β and caspase-1 activity in the spleen and liver in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. These findings provide new insights into how COX-2 regulates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and suggest that it may be a new potential therapeutic target in NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
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Hashimoto Y, Yamada K, Tsushima H, Miyazawa D, Mori M, Nishio K, Ohkubo T, Hibino H, Ohara N, Okuyama H. Three dissimilar high fat diets differentially regulate lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity-resistant Slc:Wistar/ST rats. Lipids 2013; 48:803-15. [PMID: 23807365 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and ecologic studies suggest that dietary fat plays an important role in the development of obesity. Certain Wistar rat strains do not become obese when fed high-fat diets unlike others. In a preliminary study, we confirmed that Slc:Wistar/ST rats did not become obese when fed high-fat diets. The mechanisms governing the response of hepatic lipid-metabolizing enzymes to large quantities of dietary lipids consumed by obesity-resistant animals are unknown. The aim of the present study is to examine how obesity-resistant animals metabolize various types of high-fat diets and why they do not become obese. For this purpose, male Slc:Wistar/ST rats were fed a control low-fat diet (LS) or a high-fat diet containing fish oil (HF), soybean oil (HS), or lard (HL) for 4 weeks. We observed their phenotypes and determined lipid profiles in plasma and liver as well as mRNA expression levels in liver of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism using DNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain analyses. The body weights of all dietary groups were similar due to isocaloric intakes, whereas the weight of white adipose tissues in the LS group was significantly lower. The HF diet lowered plasma lipid levels by accelerated lipolysis in the peroxisomes and suppressed levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. The HS diet promoted hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressed lipolysis in the peroxisomes and normal levels of VLDL secretion. The lipid profiles of rats fed the LS or HL diet were similar. The HL diet accelerated lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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Gordillo-Moscoso A, Ruiz E, Carnero M, Reguillo F, Rodriguez E, Tejerina T, Redondo S. Relationship between serum levels of triglycerides and vascular inflammation, measured as COX-2, in arteries from diabetic patients: a translational study. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:62. [PMID: 23642086 PMCID: PMC3667010 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a common feature in the majority of cardiovascular disease, including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Levels of pro-inflammatory markers have been found in increasing levels in serum from diabetic patients (DP). Moreover, levels of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are increased in coronary arteries from DP. Methods Through a cross-sectional design, patients who underwent CABG were recruited. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were cultured and COX-2 was measured by western blot. Biochemical and clinical data were collected from the medical record and by blood testing. COX-2 expression was analyzed in internal mammary artery cross-sections by confocal microscopy. Eventually, PGI2 and PGE2 were assessed from VSMC conditioned media by ELISA. Results Only a high glucose concentration, but a physiological concentration of triglycerides exposure of cultured human VSMC derived from non-diabetic patients increased COX-2 expression .Diabetic patients showed increasing serum levels of glucose, Hb1ac and triglycerides. The bivariate analysis of the variables showed that triglycerides was positively correlated with the expression of COX-2 in internal mammary arteries from patients (r2 = 0.214, P < 0.04). Conclusions We conclude that is not the glucose blood levels but the triglicerydes leves what increases the expression of COX-2 in arteries from DP.
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Debelec-Butuner B, Alapinar C, Varisli L, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Hamid SM, Gonen-Korkmaz C, Korkmaz KS. Inflammation-mediated abrogation of androgen signaling: an in vitro model of prostate cell inflammation. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:85-97. [PMID: 22911881 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As a link between inflammation and cancer has been reported in many studies, we established an in vitro model of prostatic inflammation to investigate the loss of androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling in androgen responsive prostate cell lines. First, the U937 monocyte cell line was differentiated into macrophages using phorbol acetate (PMA), and cells were induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for cytokine secretion. Next, the cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-6, and IL1β) in conditioned media (CM) were analyzed. Prostate cells were then fed with CM containing varying concentrations of TNFα, and IkB degradation, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) translocation and transactivation, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were then assessed. As a result of CM treatment, ubiquitin-mediated AR degradation, which was restored using anti-TNFα antibody neutralization, led to both a decrease in KLK4, PSA, and NKX3.1 expression levels and the upregulation of GPX2. In addition to the loss of AR, acute and chronic CM exposure resulted in p53 degradation and consequent p21 downregulation, which was also restored by either androgen administration or ectopic NKX3.1 expression via the stabilization of MDM2 levels in LNCaP cells. Additionally, CM treatment enhanced H2AX((S139)) phosphorylation (a hallmark of DNA damage) and genetic heterogeneity in the absence of androgens in prostate cells without activating mitochondrial apoptosis. Thus, the data suggest that inflammatory cytokine exposure results in the loss of AR and p53 signaling in prostate cells and facilitates genetic heterogeneity via ROS accumulation to promote prostate carcinogenesis.
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Rosa BLM, Vicenta LC, Victor GC, Dolores LC, Fernando C, Ricardo GH, Lina B, Tinahones FJ. Alterations of specific biomarkers of metabolic pathways in vascular tree from patients with Type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:86. [PMID: 22828168 PMCID: PMC3461422 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to check whether different biomarkers of inflammatory, apoptotic, immunological or lipid pathways had altered their expression in the occluded popliteal artery (OPA) compared with the internal mammary artery (IMA) and femoral vein (FV) and to examine whether glycemic control influenced the expression of these genes. The study included 20 patients with advanced atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 15 of whom had peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), from whom samples of OPA and FV were collected. PAOD patients were classified based on their HbA1c as well (HbA1c ≤ 6.5) or poorly (HbA1c > 6.5) controlled patients. Controls for arteries without atherosclerosis comprised 5 IMA from patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). mRNA, protein expression and histological studies were analyzed in IMA, OPA and FV. After analyzing 46 genes, OPA showed higher expression levels than IMA or FV for genes involved in thrombosis (F3), apoptosis (MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIM3), lipid metabolism (LRP1 and NDUFA), immune response (TLR2) and monocytes adhesion (CD83). Remarkably, MMP-9 expression was lower in OPA from well-controlled patients. In FV from diabetic patients with HbA1c ≤6.5, gene expression levels of BCL2, CDKN1A, COX2, NDUFA and SREBP2 were higher than in FV from those with HbA1c >6.5. The atherosclerotic process in OPA from diabetic patients was associated with high expression levels of inflammatory, lipid metabolism and apoptotic biomarkers. The degree of glycemic control was associated with gene expression markers of apoptosis, lipid metabolism and antioxidants in FV. However, the effect of glycemic control on pro-atherosclerotic gene expression was very low in arteries with established atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernal-Lopez M Rosa
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain.
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Hegde P, Maddur MS, Friboulet A, Bayry J, Kaveri SV. Viscum album exerts anti-inflammatory effect by selectively inhibiting cytokine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26312. [PMID: 22028854 PMCID: PMC3196571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscum album (VA) preparations are extensively used as complementary therapy in cancer and are shown to exert anti-tumor activities which involve the cytotoxic properties, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and several other immunomodulatory mechanisms. In addition to their application in cancer therapy, VA preparations have also been successfully utilized in the treatment of several inflammatory pathologies. Owing to the intricate association of inflammation and cancer and in view of the fact that several anti-tumor phytotherapeutics also exert a potent anti-inflammatory effect, we hypothesized that VA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect that is responsible for its therapeutic benefit. Since, inflammatory cytokine-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of VA on regulation of cyclo-oxygenase expression and PGE2 biosynthesis by using human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells) as a model. A549 cells were stimulated with IL-1β and treated with VA preparation (VA Qu Spez) for 18 hours. PGE2 was analysed in the culture supernatants by enzyme immunoassay. Expression of COX-2 and COX-1 proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting and the expression of COX-2 mRNA was assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. We found that VA Qu Spez inhibit the secretion of IL-1β-induced PGE2 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, we also show that this inhibitory action was associated with a reduced expression of COX-2 without modulating the COX-1 expression. Together these results demonstrate a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of VA preparations wherein VA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting cytokine-induced PGE2 via selective inhibition of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Hegde
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 872, Paris, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Mohan S. Maddur
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 16- Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Alain Friboulet
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 6022, Compiègne, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 16- Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Srini V. Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 16- Immunopathology and Therapeutic Immunointervention, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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