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Samsami Y, Akhlaghipour I, Taghehchian N, Palizkaran Yazdi M, Farrokhi S, Reza Rahimi H, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-382 as a tumor suppressor during tumor progression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 113:129967. [PMID: 39293533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic and diagnostic methods, there is still a significantly high rate of mortality among cancer patients. One of the main reasons for the high mortality rate in cancer patients is late diagnosis, which leads to the failure of therapeutic strategies. Therefore, investigation of cancer biology can lead to the introduction of early diagnostic markers in these patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulation of cellular processes associated with tumor progression. Due to the high stability of miRNAs in body fluids, these factors can be considered as the non-invasive tumor markers. Deregulation of miR-382 has been widely reported in different cancers. Therefore, in this review, we investigated the role of miR-382 during tumor development. It has shown that miR-382 has mainly a tumor suppressive, which inhibits the growth of tumor cells through the regulation of signaling pathways, RNA-binding proteins, and transcription factors. Therefore, miR-382 can be suggested as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Samsami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Palizkaran Yazdi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba Farrokhi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Hogg EKJ, Findlay GM. Functions of SRPK, CLK and DYRK kinases in stem cells, development, and human developmental disorders. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2375-2415. [PMID: 37607329 PMCID: PMC10952393 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human developmental disorders encompass a wide range of debilitating physical conditions and intellectual disabilities. Perturbation of protein kinase signalling underlies the development of some of these disorders. For example, disrupted SRPK signalling is associated with intellectual disabilities, and the gene dosage of DYRKs can dictate the pathology of disorders including Down's syndrome. Here, we review the emerging roles of the CMGC kinase families SRPK, CLK, DYRK, and sub-family HIPK during embryonic development and in developmental disorders. In particular, SRPK, CLK, and DYRK kinase families have key roles in developmental signalling and stem cell regulation, and can co-ordinate neuronal development and function. Genetic studies in model organisms reveal critical phenotypes including embryonic lethality, sterility, musculoskeletal errors, and most notably, altered neurological behaviours arising from defects of the neuroectoderm and altered neuronal signalling. Further unpicking the mechanisms of specific kinases using human stem cell models of neuronal differentiation and function will improve our understanding of human developmental disorders and may provide avenues for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. J. Hogg
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Greg M. Findlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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3
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Lai B, Jiang H, Gao Y, Zhou X. Identification of ROCK1 as a novel biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis and pan-cancer analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8873-8907. [PMID: 37683138 PMCID: PMC10522383 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent bone disorder with significant global impact. The elevated risk of osteoporotic fracture in elderly women poses a substantial burden on individuals and society. Unfortunately, the current lack of dependable diagnostic markers and precise therapeutic targets for PMOP remains a major challenge. METHODS PMOP-related datasets GSE7429, GSE56814, GSE56815, and GSE147287, were downloaded from the GEO database. The DEGs were identified by "limma" packages. WGCNA and Machine Learning were used to choose key module genes highly related to PMOP. GSEA, DO, GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on all DEGs and the selected key hub genes. The PPI network was constructed through the GeneMANIA database. ROC curves and AUC values validated the diagnostic values of the hub genes in both training and validation datasets. xCell immune infiltration and single-cell analysis identified the hub genes' function on immune reaction in PMOP. Pan-cancer analysis revealed the role of the hub genes in cancers. RESULTS A total of 1278 DEGs were identified between PMOP patients and the healthy controls. The purple module and cyan module were selected as the key modules and 112 common genes were selected after combining the DEGs and module genes. Five Machine Learning algorithms screened three hub genes (KCNJ2, HIPK1, and ROCK1), and a PPI network was constructed for the hub genes. ROC curves validate the diagnostic values of ROCK1 in both the training (AUC = 0.73) and validation datasets of PMOP (AUC = 0.81). GSEA was performed for the low-ROCK1 patients, and the top enriched field included protein binding and immune reaction. DCs and NKT cells were highly expressed in PMOP. Pan-cancer analysis showed a correlation between low ROCK1 expression and SKCM as well as renal tumors (KIRP, KICH, and KIRC). CONCLUSIONS ROCK1 was significantly associated with the pathogenesis and immune infiltration of PMOP, and influenced cancer development, progression, and prognosis, which provided a potential therapy target for PMOP and tumors. However, further laboratory and clinical evidence is required before the clinical application of ROCK1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Qiu XT, Guo C, Ma LT, Li XN, Zhang QY, Huang FS, Zhang MM, Bai Y, Liang GB, Li YQ. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of the anterior cingulate cortex in neuropathic pain model rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1164426. [PMID: 37396788 PMCID: PMC10311218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1164426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) takes a heavy toll on individual life quality, yet gaps in its molecular characterization persist and effective therapy is lacking. This study aimed to provide comprehensive knowledge by combining transcriptomic and proteomic data of molecular correlates of NP in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a cortical hub responsible for affective pain processing. Methods The NP model was established by spared nerve injury (SNI) in Sprague-Dawley rats. RNA sequencing and proteomic data from the ACC tissue isolated from sham and SNI rats 2 weeks after surgery were integrated to compare their gene and protein expression profiles. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to figure out the functions and signaling pathways of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) enriched in. Results Transcriptomic analysis identified a total of 788 DEGs (with 49 genes upregulated) after SNI surgery, while proteomic analysis found 222 DEPs (with 89 proteins upregulated). While Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of the DEGs suggested that most of the altered genes were involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity, bioinformatics analysis of the DEPs revealed novel critical pathways associated with autophagy, mitophagy, and peroxisome. Notably, we noticed functionally important NP-related changes in the protein that occurred in the absence of corresponding changes at the level of transcription. Venn diagram analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic data identified 10 overlapping targets, among which only three genes (XK-related protein 4, NIPA-like domain-containing 3, and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3) showed concordance in the directions of change and strong correlations between mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion The present study identified novel pathways in the ACC in addition to confirming previously reported mechanisms for NP etiology, and provided novel mechanistic insights for future research on NP treatment. These findings also imply that mRNA profiling alone fails to provide a complete landscape of molecular pain in the ACC. Therefore, explorations of changes at the level of protein are necessary to understand NP processes that are not transcriptionally modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Qiu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Ning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Fen-Sheng Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guo-Biao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
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Lazaro-Pena MI, Cornwell AB, Diaz-Balzac CA, Das R, Macoretta N, Thakar J, Samuelson AV. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase maintains neuronal homeostasis during normal Caenorhabditis elegans aging and systemically regulates longevity from serotonergic and GABAergic neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523661. [PMID: 36711523 PMCID: PMC9882034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging and the age-associated decline of the proteome is determined in part through neuronal control of evolutionarily conserved transcriptional effectors, which safeguard homeostasis under fluctuating metabolic and stress conditions by regulating an expansive proteostatic network. We have discovered the Caenorhabditis elegans h omeodomain-interacting p rotein k inase (HPK-1) acts as a key transcriptional effector to preserve neuronal integrity, function, and proteostasis during aging. Loss of hpk-1 results in drastic dysregulation in expression of neuronal genes, including genes associated with neuronal aging. During normal aging hpk-1 expression increases throughout the nervous system more broadly than any other kinase. Within the aging nervous system, hpk-1 is co-expressed with key longevity transcription factors, including daf-16 (FOXO), hlh-30 (TFEB), skn-1 (Nrf2), and hif-1 , which suggests hpk-1 expression mitigates natural age-associated physiological decline. Consistently, pan-neuronal overexpression of hpk-1 extends longevity, preserves proteostasis both within and outside of the nervous system, and improves stress resistance. Neuronal HPK-1 improves proteostasis through kinase activity. HPK-1 functions cell non-autonomously within serotonergic and GABAergic neurons to improve proteostasis in distal tissues by specifically regulating distinct components of the proteostatic network. Increased serotonergic HPK-1 enhances the heat shock response and survival to acute stress. In contrast, GABAergic HPK-1 induces basal autophagy and extends longevity. Our work establishes hpk-1 as a key neuronal transcriptional regulator critical for preservation of neuronal function during aging. Further, these data provide novel insight as to how the nervous system partitions acute and chronic adaptive response pathways to delay aging by maintaining organismal homeostasis.
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6
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Kinsey SD, Vinluan JP, Shipman GA, Verheyen EM. Expression of human HIPKs in Drosophila demonstrates their shared and unique functions in a developmental model. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2021; 11:6380948. [PMID: 34849772 PMCID: PMC8673556 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) are a family of four conserved proteins essential for vertebrate development, as demonstrated by defects in the eye, brain, and skeleton that culminate in embryonic lethality when multiple HIPKs are lost in mice. While HIPKs are essential for development, functional redundancy between the four vertebrate HIPK paralogues has made it difficult to compare their respective functions. Because understanding the unique and shared functions of these essential proteins could directly benefit the fields of biology and medicine, we addressed the gap in knowledge of the four vertebrate HIPK paralogues by studying them in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, where reduced genetic redundancy simplifies our functional assessment. The single hipk present in the fly allowed us to perform rescue experiments with human HIPK genes that provide new insight into their individual functions not easily assessed in vertebrate models. Furthermore, the abundance of genetic tools and established methods for monitoring specific developmental pathways and gross morphological changes in the fly allowed for functional comparisons in endogenous contexts. We first performed rescue experiments to demonstrate the extent to which each of the human HIPKs can functionally replace Drosophila Hipk for survival and morphological development. We then showed the ability of each human HIPK to modulate Armadillo/β-catenin levels, JAK/STAT activity, proliferation, growth, and death, each of which have previously been described for Hipks, but never all together in comparable tissue contexts. Finally, we characterized novel developmental phenotypes induced by human HIPKs to gain insight to their unique functions. Together, these experiments provide the first direct comparison of all four vertebrate HIPKs to determine their roles in a developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Kinsey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Justin P Vinluan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gerald A Shipman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Esther M Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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7
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Kaltheuner IH, Anand K, Moecking J, Düster R, Wang J, Gray NS, Geyer M. Abemaciclib is a potent inhibitor of DYRK1A and HIP kinases involved in transcriptional regulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6607. [PMID: 34785661 PMCID: PMC8595372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). HIPKs are regulators of various signaling pathways and involved in the pathology of cancer, chronic fibrosis, diabetes, and multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report the crystal structure of HIPK3 in its apo form at 2.5 Å resolution. Recombinant HIPKs and DYRK1A are auto-activated and phosphorylate the negative elongation factor SPT5, the transcription factor c-Myc, and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, suggesting a direct function in transcriptional regulation. Based on a database search, we identified abemaciclib, an FDA-approved Cdk4/Cdk6 inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, as potent inhibitor of HIPK2, HIPK3, and DYRK1A. We determined the crystal structures of HIPK3 and DYRK1A bound to abemaciclib, showing a similar binding mode to the hinge region of the kinase as observed for Cdk6. Remarkably, DYRK1A is inhibited by abemaciclib to the same extent as Cdk4/Cdk6 in vitro, raising the question of whether targeting of DYRK1A contributes to the transcriptional inhibition and therapeutic activity of abemaciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanchan Anand
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Moecking
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Düster
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and the Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Tonyan ZN, Nasykhova YA, Mikhailova AA, Glotov AS. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421060107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Aghaei M, Khodadadian A, Elham KN, Nazari M, Babakhanzadeh E. Major miRNA Involved in Insulin Secretion and Production in Beta-Cells. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:89-97. [PMID: 32210605 PMCID: PMC7071856 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s249011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is implicated as a leading factor in glucose homeostasis and an important theme in diabetes mellitus (DM). Numerous proteins are involved in insulin signaling pathway and their dysregulation contributes to DM. microRNAs (miRNAs) as single-strand molecules have a critical effect on gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Intensive investigation done by DM researchers disclosed that miRNAs have a significant role in insulin secretion by direct targeting numerous proteins engaged in insulin signaling pathway; so, their dysregulation contributes to DM. In this review, we presented some major miRNAs engaged in the insulin production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aghaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Karimi-Nazari Elham
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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10
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Micro(RNA) Management and Mismanagement of the Islet. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1419-1428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Xiong J, Sun P, Wang Y, Hua X, Song W, Wang Y, Wu J, Yu W, Liu G, Chen L. Heterozygous deletion of Seipin in islet beta cells of male mice has an impact on insulin synthesis and secretion through reduced PPARγ expression. Diabetologia 2020; 63:338-350. [PMID: 31776610 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. BSCL2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Seipin gene (also known as Bscl2). Deletion of this gene in mice induces insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and a loss of adipose tissue. This study evaluated the effects of genetic deletion of Seipin on islet beta cell function. METHODS We examined seipin expression in islet cells and measured glucose profiles, insulin synthesis, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), islet expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), levels of Pdx-1, Nkx6.1, Glut2 (also known as Slc2a2) and proinsulin mRNA, nuclear translocation of pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), islet numbers, and beta cell mass and proliferation in male and female Seipin-knockout homozygous (Seipin-/-) and heterozygous (Seipin+/-) mice. RESULTS Male and female Seipin-/- mice displayed glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and a lack of adipose tissue. By contrast, male but not female Seipin+/- mice showed glucose intolerance without adipose tissue loss or insulin resistance. Seipin was highly expressed in islet beta cells in wild-type mice. Expression of islet PPARγ was reduced in male Seipin-/- and Seipin+/- mice but not in female Seipin-/- or Seipin+/- mice. Treatment of male Seipin+/- mice with rosiglitazone corrected the glucose intolerance. Male Seipin+/- mice displayed a decrease in islet insulin concentration and GSIS with low expression of Pdx-1, Nkx6.1, Glut2 and proinsulin, and a decline in PDX-1 nuclear translocation; these changes were rescued by rosiglitazone administration. Male Seipin-/- mice showed obvious, but rosiglitazone-sensitive, increases in islet insulin concentration, islet number and beta cell mass and proliferation, with a notable decline in GSIS. Ovariectomised female Seipin+/- mice displayed glucose intolerance and deficits in insulin synthesis and secretion, with a decline in islet PPARγ level; these deleterious effects were reversed by administration of oestradiol or rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Heterozygous deletion of Seipin in islet beta cells impacts on insulin synthesis and secretion through reduced PPARγ expression. This leads to glucose intolerance and is relieved by oestradiol, which rescues PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Road 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Road 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Road 101, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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12
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Agnew C, Liu L, Liu S, Xu W, You L, Yeung W, Kannan N, Jablons D, Jura N. The crystal structure of the protein kinase HIPK2 reveals a unique architecture of its CMGC-insert region. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13545-13559. [PMID: 31341017 PMCID: PMC6746438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (HIPK) family is comprised of four nuclear protein kinases, HIPK1-4. HIPK proteins phosphorylate a diverse range of transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. HIPK2, thus far the best-characterized member of this largely understudied family of protein kinases, plays a role in the activation of p53 in response to DNA damage. Despite this tumor-suppressor function, HIPK2 is also found overexpressed in several cancers, and its hyperactivation causes chronic fibrosis. There are currently no structures of HIPK2 or of any other HIPK kinase. Here, we report the crystal structure of HIPK2's kinase domain bound to CX-4945, a casein kinase 2α (CK2α) inhibitor currently in clinical trials against several cancers. The structure, determined at 2.2 Å resolution, revealed that CX-4945 engages the HIPK2 active site in a hybrid binding mode between that seen in structures of CK2α and Pim1 kinases. The HIPK2 kinase domain crystallized in the active conformation, which was stabilized by phosphorylation of the activation loop. We noted that the overall kinase domain fold of HIPK2 closely resembles that of evolutionarily related dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs). Most significant structural differences between HIPK2 and DYRKs included an absence of the regulatory N-terminal domain and a unique conformation of the CMGC-insert region and of a newly defined insert segment in the αC-β4 loop. This first crystal structure of HIPK2 paves the way for characterizing the understudied members of the HIPK family and for developing HIPK2-directed therapies for managing cancer and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Agnew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Lijun Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Shu Liu
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115
| | - Wei Xu
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115
| | - Liang You
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - David Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115, Supported by the Kazan McClain Partners' Foundation and the H. N. and Frances C. Berger Foundation. To whom correspondence may be addressed:
1600 Divisadero St., A745, San Francisco, CA 94115. Tel.:
415-353-7502; E-mail:
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, To whom correspondence may be addressed:
555 Mission Bay Blvd. S., Rm. 452W, San Francisco, CA 94158. Tel.:
415-514-1133; E-mail:
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13
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MiR-382 functions as tumor suppressor and chemosensitizer in colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180441. [PMID: 29700213 PMCID: PMC6689104 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Decreased expression of miR-382 has been observed in various types of cancers. However, the biological function of miR-382 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still largely unknown. Here, we found that miR-382 was down-regulated in human colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines associated with it. MiR-382 inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and enhance chemosensitivity. Furthermore, we identified Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3 (HIPK3) as the target of miR-382, and miR-382 rescued the promotion effect of KFL12 on migration and enhanced chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Collectively, these findings revealed that miR-382 inhibits migration and enhances chemosensitivity by targeting KLF12 and HIPK3 in colorectal cancer. These findings might serve as a tumor suppressor in CRC.
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14
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Qin Y, Hu Q, Ji S, Xu J, Dai W, Liu W, Xu W, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Ni Q, Yu X, Zhang B, Xu X. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 suppresses proliferation and aerobic glycolysis via ERK/cMyc axis in pancreatic cancer. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12603. [PMID: 30932257 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles of the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (HIPK) family of proteins in pancreatic cancer prognosis and the possible molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of HIPK family genes and their roles in pancreatic cancer prognosis were analysed by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The roles of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer proliferation and glycolysis were tested by overexpression of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer cells, followed by cell proliferation assay, glucose uptake analysis and Seahorse extracellular flux analysis. The mechanism of action of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer proliferation and glycolysis was explored by examining its effect on the ERK/cMyc axis. RESULTS Decreased HIPK2 expression indicated worse prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of HIPK2 in pancreatic cancer cells decreased cell proliferation and attenuated aerobic glycolysis, which sustained proliferation of cancer cells. HIPK2 decreased cMyc protein levels and expression of cMyc-targeted glycolytic genes. cMyc was a mediator that regulated HIPK2-induced decrease in aerobic glycolysis. HIPK2 regulated cMyc protein stability via ERK activation, which phosphorylated and controlled cMyc protein stability. CONCLUSIONS HIPK2 suppressed proliferation of pancreatic cancer in part through inhibiting the ERK/cMyc axis and related aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqing Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wendt A, Esguerra JL, Eliasson L. Islet microRNAs in health and type-2 diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:46-52. [PMID: 30144686 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Failure of the β-cell to secrete enough insulin is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes (T2D). MicroRNAs provide an extra layer in the regulation of protein expression, and are thus involved in β-cell compensation during development of the disease. In this review, we discuss how microRNAs can regulate their target protein expression and phenotypic output, present the status of nutritional regulation of microRNA expression, and summarize work on microRNA expression in human islets. In conclusion, current data lend support to microRNAs being essential regulators of insulin secretion. Future work will describe microRNAs in α-cell function, details of the microRNA-mRNA network, and possibilities to use microRNAs as biomarkers and in therapeutic treatment of T2D and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University and Clinical Research Centre, SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Ls Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University and Clinical Research Centre, SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University and Clinical Research Centre, SUS, Malmö, Sweden.
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16
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Bensellam M, Jonas JC, Laybutt DR. Mechanisms of β-cell dedifferentiation in diabetes: recent findings and future research directions. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R109-R143. [PMID: 29203573 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Like all the cells of an organism, pancreatic β-cells originate from embryonic stem cells through a complex cellular process termed differentiation. Differentiation involves the coordinated and tightly controlled activation/repression of specific effectors and gene clusters in a time-dependent fashion thereby giving rise to particular morphological and functional cellular features. Interestingly, cellular differentiation is not a unidirectional process. Indeed, growing evidence suggests that under certain conditions, mature β-cells can lose, to various degrees, their differentiated phenotype and cellular identity and regress to a less differentiated or a precursor-like state. This concept is termed dedifferentiation and has been proposed, besides cell death, as a contributing factor to the loss of functional β-cell mass in diabetes. β-cell dedifferentiation involves: (1) the downregulation of β-cell-enriched genes, including key transcription factors, insulin, glucose metabolism genes, protein processing and secretory pathway genes; (2) the concomitant upregulation of genes suppressed or expressed at very low levels in normal β-cells, the β-cell forbidden genes; and (3) the likely upregulation of progenitor cell genes. These alterations lead to phenotypic reconfiguration of β-cells and ultimately defective insulin secretion. While the major role of glucotoxicity in β-cell dedifferentiation is well established, the precise mechanisms involved are still under investigation. This review highlights the identified molecular mechanisms implicated in β-cell dedifferentiation including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation and hypoxia. It discusses the role of Foxo1, Myc and inhibitor of differentiation proteins and underscores the emerging role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, it proposes a novel hypothesis of β-cell dedifferentiation as a potential adaptive mechanism to escape cell death under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Université Catholique de LouvainInstitut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université Catholique de LouvainInstitut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Stoll L, Sobel J, Rodriguez-Trejo A, Guay C, Lee K, Venø MT, Kjems J, Laybutt DR, Regazzi R. Circular RNAs as novel regulators of β-cell functions in normal and disease conditions. Mol Metab 2018; 9:69-83. [PMID: 29396373 PMCID: PMC5870096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is strong evidence for an involvement of different classes of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in the regulation of β-cell activities and in diabetes development. Circular RNAs were recently discovered to constitute a substantial fraction of the mammalian transcriptome but the contribution of these non-coding RNAs in physiological and disease processes remains largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identify the circular RNAs expressed in pancreatic islets and to elucidate their possible role in the control of β-cells functions. METHODS We used a microarray approach to identify circular RNAs expressed in human islets and searched their orthologues in RNA sequencing data from mouse islets. We then measured the level of four selected circular RNAs in the islets of different Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes models and analyzed the role of these circular transcripts in the regulation of insulin secretion, β-cell proliferation, and apoptosis. RESULTS We identified thousands of circular RNAs expressed in human pancreatic islets, 497 of which were conserved in mouse islets. The level of two of these circular transcripts, circHIPK3 and ciRS-7/CDR1as, was found to be reduced in the islets of diabetic db/db mice. Mimicking this decrease in the islets of wild type animals resulted in impaired insulin secretion, reduced β-cell proliferation, and survival. ciRS-7/CDR1as has been previously proposed to function by blocking miR-7. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that circHIPK3 acts by sequestering a group of microRNAs, including miR-124-3p and miR-338-3p, and by regulating the expression of key β-cell genes, such as Slc2a2, Akt1, and Mtpn. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to circular RNAs as novel regulators of β-cell activities and suggest an involvement of this novel class of non-coding RNAs in β-cell dysfunction under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Stoll
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Sobel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kailun Lee
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Morten Trillingsgaard Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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18
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Yu M, Fu Y, Liang Y, Song H, Yao Y, Wu P, Yao Y, Pan Y, Wen X, Ma L, Hexige S, Ding Y, Luo S, Lu B. Suppression of MAPK11 or HIPK3 reduces mutant Huntingtin levels in Huntington's disease models. Cell Res 2017; 27:1441-1465. [PMID: 29151587 PMCID: PMC5717400 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative disorders are associated with accumulation of disease-relevant proteins. Among them, Huntington disease (HD) is of particular interest because of its monogenetic nature. HD is mainly caused by cytotoxicity of the defective protein encoded by the mutant Huntingtin gene (HTT). Thus, lowering mutant HTT protein (mHTT) levels would be a promising treatment strategy for HD. Here we report two kinases HIPK3 and MAPK11 as positive modulators of mHTT levels both in cells and in vivo. Both kinases regulate mHTT via their kinase activities, suggesting that inhibiting these kinases may have therapeutic values. Interestingly, their effects on HTT levels are mHTT-dependent, providing a feedback mechanism in which mHTT enhances its own level thus contributing to mHTT accumulation and disease progression. Importantly, knockout of MAPK11 significantly rescues disease-relevant behavioral phenotypes in a knockin HD mouse model. Collectively, our data reveal new therapeutic entry points for HD and target-discovery approaches for similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yijiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuyin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Saiyin Hexige
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shouqing Luo
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth, PL68BU, UK
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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19
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Das R, Melo JA, Thondamal M, Morton EA, Cornwell AB, Crick B, Kim JH, Swartz EW, Lamitina T, Douglas PM, Samuelson AV. The homeodomain-interacting protein kinase HPK-1 preserves protein homeostasis and longevity through master regulatory control of the HSF-1 chaperone network and TORC1-restricted autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007038. [PMID: 29036198 PMCID: PMC5658188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive proteostatic network comprised of molecular chaperones and protein clearance mechanisms functions collectively to preserve the integrity and resiliency of the proteome. The efficacy of this network deteriorates during aging, coinciding with many clinical manifestations, including protein aggregation diseases of the nervous system. A decline in proteostasis can be delayed through the activation of cytoprotective transcriptional responses, which are sensitive to environmental stress and internal metabolic and physiological cues. The homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (hipk) family members are conserved transcriptional co-factors that have been implicated in both genotoxic and metabolic stress responses from yeast to mammals. We demonstrate that constitutive expression of the sole Caenorhabditis elegans Hipk homolog, hpk-1, is sufficient to delay aging, preserve proteostasis, and promote stress resistance, while loss of hpk-1 is deleterious to these phenotypes. We show that HPK-1 preserves proteostasis and extends longevity through distinct but complementary genetic pathways defined by the heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1), and the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1). We demonstrate that HPK-1 antagonizes sumoylation of HSF-1, a post-translational modification associated with reduced transcriptional activity in mammals. We show that inhibition of sumoylation by RNAi enhances HSF-1-dependent transcriptional induction of chaperones in response to heat shock. We find that hpk-1 is required for HSF-1 to induce molecular chaperones after thermal stress and enhances hormetic extension of longevity. We also show that HPK-1 is required in conjunction with HSF-1 for maintenance of proteostasis in the absence of thermal stress, protecting against the formation of polyglutamine (Q35::YFP) protein aggregates and associated locomotory toxicity. These functions of HPK-1/HSF-1 undergo rapid down-regulation once animals reach reproductive maturity. We show that HPK-1 fortifies proteostasis and extends longevity by an additional independent mechanism: induction of autophagy. HPK-1 is necessary for induction of autophagosome formation and autophagy gene expression in response to dietary restriction (DR) or inactivation of TORC1. The autophagy-stimulating transcription factors pha-4/FoxA and mxl-2/Mlx, but not hlh-30/TFEB or the nuclear hormone receptor nhr-62, are necessary for extended longevity resulting from HPK-1 overexpression. HPK-1 expression is itself induced by transcriptional mechanisms after nutritional stress, and post-transcriptional mechanisms in response to thermal stress. Collectively our results position HPK-1 at a central regulatory node upstream of the greater proteostatic network, acting at the transcriptional level by promoting protein folding via chaperone expression, and protein turnover via expression of autophagy genes. HPK-1 therefore provides a promising intervention point for pharmacological agents targeting the protein homeostasis system as a means of preserving robust longevity. Aging is the gradual and progressive decline of vitality. A hallmark of aging is the decay of protective mechanisms that normally preserve the robustness and resiliency of cells and tissues. Proteostasis is the term that applies specifically to those mechanisms that promote stability of the proteome, the collection of polypeptides that cells produce, by a combination of chaperone-assisted folding and degradation of misfolded or extraneous proteins. We have identified hpk-1 (encoding a homeodomain-interacting protein kinase) in the nematode C. elegans as an important transcriptional regulatory component of the proteostasis machinery. HPK-1 promotes proteostasis by linking two distinct mechanisms: first by stimulating chaperone gene expression via the heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1), and second by stimulating autophagy gene expression in opposition to the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase signaling pathway. HPK-1 therefore provides an attractive target for interventions to preserve physiological resiliency during aging by preserving the overall health of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Das
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Justine A. Melo
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Manjunatha Thondamal
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Morton
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam B. Cornwell
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Beresford Crick
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Joung Heon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Elliot W. Swartz
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Todd Lamitina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew V. Samuelson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Blaquiere JA, Verheyen EM. Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinases: Diverse and Complex Roles in Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 123:73-103. [PMID: 28236976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (Hipk) family of proteins plays diverse, and at times conflicting, biological roles in normal development and disease. In this review we will highlight developmental and cellular roles for Hipk proteins, with an emphasis on the pleiotropic and essential physiological roles revealed through genetic studies. We discuss the myriad ways of regulating Hipk protein function, and how these may contribute to the diverse cellular roles. Furthermore we will describe the context-specific activities of Hipk family members in diseases such as cancer and fibrosis, including seemingly contradictory tumor-suppressive and oncogenic activities. Given the diverse signaling pathways regulated by Hipk proteins, it is likely that Hipks act to fine-tune signaling and may mediate cross talk in certain contexts. Such regulation is emerging as vital for development and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Blaquiere
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Esther M Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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21
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Cellular adhesome screen identifies critical modulators of focal adhesion dynamics, cellular traction forces and cell migration behaviour. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31707. [PMID: 27531518 PMCID: PMC4987721 DOI: 10.1038/srep31707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells migrate from the primary tumour into surrounding tissue in order to form metastasis. Cell migration is a highly complex process, which requires continuous remodelling and re-organization of the cytoskeleton and cell-matrix adhesions. Here, we aimed to identify genes controlling aspects of tumour cell migration, including the dynamic organization of cell-matrix adhesions and cellular traction forces. In a siRNA screen targeting most cell adhesion-related genes we identified 200+ genes that regulate size and/or dynamics of cell-matrix adhesions in MCF7 breast cancer cells. In a subsequent secondary screen, the 64 most effective genes were evaluated for growth factor-induced cell migration and validated by tertiary RNAi pool deconvolution experiments. Four validated hits showed significantly enlarged adhesions accompanied by reduced cell migration upon siRNA-mediated knockdown. Furthermore, loss of PPP1R12B, HIPK3 or RAC2 caused cells to exert higher traction forces, as determined by traction force microscopy with elastomeric micropillar post arrays, and led to considerably reduced force turnover. Altogether, we identified genes that co-regulate cell-matrix adhesion dynamics and traction force turnover, thereby modulating overall motility behaviour.
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22
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DiStefano JK. Beyond the Protein-Coding Sequence: Noncoding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 12:260-76. [PMID: 26859655 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2015.12.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results from a deficiency or failure to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. The most common form of the disease is type 2 diabetes (T2D), a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by elevated glucose levels that develops in response to either multi-organ insulin resistance or insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Although the etiology of T2D is complex, many factors are known to contribute to defects of glucose homeostasis, including obesity, unhealthy lifestyle choices, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures. In addition to these factors, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D, playing roles in several of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, particularly in insulin-sensitive tissues such as pancreatic β-cells, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A growing number of publications demonstrate that polymorphisms in ncRNAs or their target genes may represent a new class of genetic variation contributing to the development of T2D. This review summarizes both the current state of knowledge of ncRNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), involved in the regulation of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and insulin action in peripheral organs. The role of genetic variation in miRNAs or miRNA binding sites in the pathogenesis of T2D is also discussed. While far less is known about the impact of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of T2D, emerging evidence suggests that these molecules may be able to contribute to β-cell dysfunction in response to hyperglycemia. This article provides an overview of the studies conducted to date in this field, focusing on lncRNAs that are dysregulated in human pancreatic islets.
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23
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Schmitz ML, Rodriguez-Gil A, Hornung J. Integration of stress signals by homeodomain interacting protein kinases. Biol Chem 2015; 395:375-86. [PMID: 24225127 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The family of homeodomain interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) consists of four related kinases, HIPK1 to HIPK4. These serine/threonine kinases are evolutionary conserved and derive from the yeast kinase Yak1. The largest group of HIPK phosphorylation substrates is represented by transcription factors and chromatin-associated regulators of gene expression, thus transferring HIPK-derived signals into changes of gene expression programs. The HIPKs mainly function as regulators of developmental processes and as integrators of a wide variety of stress signals. A number of conditions representing precarious situations, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, reactive oxygen intermediates and metabolic stress affect the function of HIPKs. The kinases function as integrators for these stress signals and feed them into many different downstream effector pathways that serve to cope with these precarious situations. HIPKs do not function as essential core components in the different stress signaling pathways, but rather serve as modulators of signal output and as connectors of different stress signaling pathways. Their central role as signaling hubs with the ability to shape many downstream effector pathways frequently implies them in proliferative diseases such as cancer or fibrosis.
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van der Laden J, Soppa U, Becker W. Effect of tyrosine autophosphorylation on catalytic activity and subcellular localisation of homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPK). Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:3. [PMID: 25630557 PMCID: PMC4353451 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homeodomain interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) function as modulators of cellular stress responses and regulate cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. The HIPK family includes HIPK1, HIPK2 and HIPK3, which share a similar domain structure, and the more distantly related HIPK4. Although HIPKs phosphorylate their substrates on serine or threonine residues, it was recently reported that HIPK2 depends on the autophosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine in the activation loop to acquire full catalytic activity and correct subcellular localization. In this study we addressed the question whether tyrosine autophosphorylation in the activation loop has a similar function in the other members of the HIPK family. Results All HIPKs contained phosphotyrosine when expressed in HeLa cells. Catalytically inactive point mutants were not tyrosine-phosphorylated, indicating that HIPKs are dual-specificity protein kinases that autophosphorylate on tyrosine residues. HIPK point mutants lacking the conserved tyrosine residue in the activation loop showed reduced catalytic activity towards peptide and protein substrates. Analysis of these mutants revealed that HIPK1, HIPK2 and HIPK3 but not HIPK4 are capable of autophosphorylating on other tyrosines. Inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase activity by treatment with vanadate enhanced global phosphotyrosine content of HIPK1, HIPK2 and HIPK3 but did not affect tyrosine phosphorylation in the activation loop. Mutation of the activation-loop tyrosines resulted in a redistribution of HIPK1 and HIPK2 from a speckle-like subnuclear compartment to the cytoplasm, whereas catalytically inactive point mutants showed the same pattern of cellular distribution as the wild type proteins. In contrast, mutation of the activating tyrosine did not increase the low percentage of cells with extranuclear HIPK3. HIPK4 was excluded from the nucleus with no difference between the wild type kinase and the point mutants. Conclusions These results show that HIPKs share the mechanism of activation by tyrosine autophosphorylation with the closely related DYRK family (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase). However, members of the HIPK family differ regarding the subcellular localization and its dependence on tyrosine autophosphorylation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-014-0082-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van der Laden
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52057, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ulf Soppa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52057, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52057, Aachen, Germany.
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Locke JM, da Silva Xavier G, Dawe HR, Rutter GA, Harries LW. Increased expression of miR-187 in human islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2014; 57:122-8. [PMID: 24149837 PMCID: PMC3855472 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is characterised by progressive beta cell dysfunction, with changes in gene expression playing a crucial role in its development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and therefore alterations in miRNA levels may be involved in the deterioration of beta cell function. METHODS Global TaqMan arrays and individual TaqMan assays were used to measure islet miRNA expression in discovery (n = 20) and replication (n = 20) cohorts from individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. The role of specific dysregulated miRNAs in regulating insulin secretion, content and apoptosis was subsequently investigated in primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. Identification of miRNA targets was assessed using luciferase assays and by measuring mRNA levels. RESULTS In the discovery and replication cohorts miR-187 expression was found to be significantly increased in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with matched controls. An inverse correlation between miR-187 levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was observed in islets from normoglycaemic donors. This correlation paralleled findings in primary rat islets and INS-1 cells where overexpression of miR-187 markedly decreased GSIS without affecting insulin content or apoptotic index. Finally, the gene encoding homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-3 (HIPK3), a known regulator of insulin secretion, was identified as a direct target of miR-187 and displayed reduced expression in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a role for miR-187 in the blunting of insulin secretion, potentially involving regulation of HIPK3, which occurs during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Locke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| | - G. da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H. R. Dawe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - G. A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L. W. Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
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