1
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Vita E, Stefani A, Piro G, Mastrantoni L, Cintoni M, Cicchetti G, Sparagna I, Monaca F, Horn G, Russo J, Barone D, Di Salvatore M, Trisolini R, Lococo F, Mazzarella C, Cancellieri A, Carbone C, Larici AR, Mele MC, Pilotto S, Milella M, Tortora G, Bria E. Leptin-mediated meta-inflammation may provide survival benefit in patients receiving maintenance immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3803-3812. [PMID: 37668709 PMCID: PMC10576666 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few ES-SCLC patients experience long-term survival benefit by maintenance IT. Adipokines-induced metabolic meta-inflammation has been related to enhanced responsiveness to IT in obese patients; however, their prognostic role in SCLC is currently controversial. METHODS Pre-treatment CT scan was used for determining distribution of abdominal adiposity, and blood samples were collected at fasting for measuring glycemia, insulin, ghrelin, leptin and adipokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and MCP-1). Patients with known history of DM type II or metabolic syndrome with HOMA index > 2.5 were considered insulin resistant (IR). RESULTS In ES-SCLC pts receiving maintenance IT, increased leptin concentration and higher leptin/visceral adipose tissue (VAT) ratio were significantly associated with prolonged PFS. By applying a hierarchical clustering algorithm, we identified a cluster of patients characterized by higher leptin values and lower pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6) who experienced longer PFS (13.2 vs 8.05 months; HR: 0.42 [0.18-0.93] p = 0.02) and OS (18.04 vs 12.09 mo; HR: 0.53 [0.25-1.29] p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Adipokines can play a crucial role to determining effectiveness of anti-cancer immunotherapy. The role of metabolic immune dysfunctions needs further pre-clinical validation and is currently investigated in the larger prospective cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Vita
- UOSD Oncologia Toraco-Polmonare, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Stefani
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mastrantoni
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cicchetti
- UOC Radiologia Toracica e Cardiovascolare, Advanced Radiodiagnostics Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ileana Sparagna
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Monaca
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Horn
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Russo
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Barone
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Di Salvatore
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Trisolini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Pneumologia Interventistica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Chirurgia Toracica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Mazzarella
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cancellieri
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Larici
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Radiologia Toracica e Cardiovascolare, Advanced Radiodiagnostics Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pilotto
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- UOSD Oncologia Toraco-Polmonare, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Suárez-Cuenca JA, Domínguez-Pérez GA, Hernández-Muñóz RE, Hernández-Patricio A, Vera-Gómez E, Gutiérrez-Buendía JA, Salamanca-García M, Montoya-Ramírez J, Gaytán-Fuentes OF, Aranda-Rodríguez C, Rojas-Noverón AR, García S, Mondragón-Terán P. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity Is Related to Plasma Pro-Oxidative Biomarkers Rather Than Liver Tissue-Measured Nitrogen Metabolism Biomarkers in Population with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:115-121. [PMID: 36787445 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased production of nitrogen metabolites and elevated oxidative stress, which favors progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Subjects with the phenotype known as metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) meet most of the MS cardiometabolic risk criteria and show a higher risk of advanced NAFLD severity, compared with the so-widely known metabolically healthy obese (MHO). Obese individuals with MS are more susceptible to abnormal lipid accumulation in different tissues, whereas oxidative stress and nitrogen metabolites are increased in MS and/or obesity. This study aimed to explore whether plasma- or liver tissue-determined biomarkers of nitrogen metabolism and oxidative stress relate to NAFLD severity and/or metabolic phenotype. Methods: This cross-sectional study included candidates for bariatric surgery with biopsy-proven NAFLD diagnosis and staging. For comparison, the study population was divided according to NAFLD damage (steatohepatitis F0-F1 vs. steatohepatitis F2-F4) and metabolic phenotype (MHO vs MUO, based on the MS criteria). Hepatic and plasma concentrations of nitrogen metabolites and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined by enzymatic kinetics assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Greiss reaction. Results: The study population (N = 45) was constituted by patients with obesity and higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. According to plasma biomarkers, MUO phenotype was related to higher cardiometabolic risk; meanwhile, advanced NAFLD damage was related to higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and triglycerides. Elevated hepatic concentrations of ammonium, nitrites, arginine, and citrulline were found in MUO phenotype, but only higher plasma concentration of malondialdehyde was found as specifically related to advanced NAFLD damage. Conclusions: Circulating biomarkers of redox state were selectively related to advanced NAFLD damage, suggesting prognostic and therapeutic targets. Hepatic concentrations of nitrogen metabolism biomarkers may be more related to cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional, "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico.,Hospital General de Zona No. 32 "Dr. Mario Madrazo Navarro," IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela A Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional, "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando E Hernández-Muñóz
- Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, Institute of Cellular Phyosiology, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Patricio
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional, "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vera-Gómez
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional, "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Gutiérrez-Buendía
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional, "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Salamanca-García
- Department of Pathology, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Montoya-Ramírez
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre," ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar F Gaytán-Fuentes
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre," ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Aranda-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional, "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amy R Rojas-Noverón
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional, "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia García
- División de Investigación, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- Research Coordination, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre," ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Seyres D, Cabassi A, Lambourne JJ, Burden F, Farrow S, McKinney H, Batista J, Kempster C, Pietzner M, Slingsby O, Cao TH, Quinn PA, Stefanucci L, Sims MC, Rehnstrom K, Adams CL, Frary A, Ergüener B, Kreuzhuber R, Mocciaro G, D'Amore S, Koulman A, Grassi L, Griffin JL, Ng LL, Park A, Savage DB, Langenberg C, Bock C, Downes K, Wareham NJ, Allison M, Vacca M, Kirk PDW, Frontini M. Transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic signatures in cardiometabolic syndrome defined by extreme phenotypes. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:39. [PMID: 35279219 PMCID: PMC8917653 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work is aimed at improving the understanding of cardiometabolic syndrome pathophysiology and its relationship with thrombosis by generating a multi-omic disease signature. METHODS/RESULTS We combined classic plasma biochemistry and plasma biomarkers with the transcriptional and epigenetic characterisation of cell types involved in thrombosis, obtained from two extreme phenotype groups (morbidly obese and lipodystrophy) and lean individuals to identify the molecular mechanisms at play, highlighting patterns of abnormal activation in innate immune phagocytic cells. Our analyses showed that extreme phenotype groups could be distinguished from lean individuals, and from each other, across all data layers. The characterisation of the same obese group, 6 months after bariatric surgery, revealed the loss of the abnormal activation of innate immune cells previously observed. However, rather than reverting to the gene expression landscape of lean individuals, this occurred via the establishment of novel gene expression landscapes. NETosis and its control mechanisms emerge amongst the pathways that show an improvement after surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the morbidly obese and lipodystrophy groups, despite some differences, shared a common cardiometabolic syndrome signature. We also showed that this could be used to discriminate, amongst the normal population, those individuals with a higher likelihood of presenting with the disease, even when not displaying the classic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Seyres
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alessandra Cabassi
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John J Lambourne
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frances Burden
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samantha Farrow
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harriet McKinney
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joana Batista
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carly Kempster
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Slingsby
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thong Huy Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Paulene A Quinn
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Luca Stefanucci
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew C Sims
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Karola Rehnstrom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire L Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amy Frary
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bekir Ergüener
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Kreuzhuber
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Gabriele Mocciaro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Simona D'Amore
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luigi Grassi
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Leong Loke Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Adrian Park
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kate Downes
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- East Midlands and East of England Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Michael Allison
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Vacca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, The Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Paul D W Kirk
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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4
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Fan W, Mats L, Liu R, Deng Z, Tsao R. Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Cellular Transport Mechanism of Phenolics from Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulga L.) Milk and Yogurts in Caco-2 Mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 Co-Culture Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1513-1523. [PMID: 33497227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of the phenolic compounds derived from gastrointestinal digestates of navy bean and light red kidney bean milks and yogurts were investigated in both Caco-2 mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture cell models. Instead of being transported directly, the ferulic acid ester derivatives in common bean milks and yogurts were found to be metabolized into ferulic acid and then be transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer with an average basolateral ferulic acid concentration of 56 ± 3 ng/mL after 2 h. Strong anti-inflammatory effects were observed in the basolateral EA.hy926 cells of the co-culture model, and modulations of oxLDL-induced inflammatory mediators by the transported phenolics were verified to be through the p38 MAPK pathway. The present results suggest that the common bean-derived phenolics can be metabolized and absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against oxidative stress injury in vascular endothelial cells, hence contributing to the amelioration of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research & Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research & Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenyi Fan
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lili Mats
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research & Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research & Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research & Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
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5
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Body composition predictors of outcome in patients with COVID-19. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2238-2243. [PMID: 34244597 PMCID: PMC8267764 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Obesity is a strong risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, however, the distribution of fat and the amount of muscle mass are more accurate risk factors than BMI. The objective of this study was to assess body composition measures obtained on opportunistic abdominal CTs as predictors of outcome in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We hypothesized that elevated visceral and intermuscular adipose tissue would be associated with adverse outcome. SUBJECTS/METHODS Our retrospective study was IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant. The study group comprised 124 patients (median age: 68 years, IQR: 56, 77; 59 weeks, 65 months) who were admitted with COVID-19 to a single hospital and who had undergone abdominal CT for clinical purposes. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and paraspinal and abdominal muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) were assessed. Clinical information including prognostic factors, time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and time of death within 28 days were obtained. Multivariate time-to-event competing risk models were fitted to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for a composite outcome of ICU admission/mortality associated with a one standard deviation increase in each body compositional measure. Each model was adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, and cardiometabolic comorbidities. RESULTS There were 50 patients who were admitted to the ICU or deceased over a median time of 1 day [IQR 1, 6] from hospital admission. Higher VAT/SAT ratio (HR of 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.62, p = 0.022) and higher IMAT CSA (HR of 1.44; 95% CI 1.10-1.89, p = 0.008) were associated with a reduced time to ICU admission or death in adjusted models. CONCLUSION VAT/SAT and IMAT are predictors of adverse outcome in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, independent of other established prognostic factors. This suggests that body composition measures may serve as novel biomarkers of outcome in patients with COVID-19.
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6
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van den Munckhof ICL, Kurilshikov A, Ter Horst R, Riksen NP, Joosten LAB, Zhernakova A, Fu J, Keating ST, Netea MG, de Graaf J, Rutten JHW. Role of gut microbiota in chronic low-grade inflammation as potential driver for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of human studies. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1719-1734. [PMID: 30144260 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation, which plays a major role in the process of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Gut microbiota is one of the factors influencing systemic immune responses, and profound changes have been found in its composition and metabolic function in individuals with obesity. This systematic review assesses the association between the gut microbiota and markers of low-grade inflammation in humans. We identified 14 studies which were mostly observational and relatively small (n = 10 to 471). The way in which the microbiome is analysed differed extensively between these studies. Lower gut microbial diversity was associated with higher white blood cell counts and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. The abundance of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus and Prevotella were inversely related to different markers of low-grade inflammation such as hsCRP and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, this review speculates on possible mechanisms through which the gut microbiota can affect low-grade inflammation and thereby ACVD. We discuss the associations between the microbiome and the inflammasome, the innate immune system, bile acids, gut permeability, the endocannabinoid system and TMAO. These data reinforce the importance of human research into the gut microbiota as potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to prevent ACVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C L van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S T Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Gutiérrez-Grobe Y, Juárez-Hernández E, Sánchez-Jiménez B, Uribe-Ramos M, Ramos-Ostos M, Uribe M, Chávez-Tapia N. Less liver fibrosis in metabolically healthy compared with metabolically unhealthy obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:332-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Adipose tissue inflammation: a cause or consequence of obesity-related insulin resistance? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1603-14. [PMID: 27503945 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic has become a major health concern, because it contributes to higher mortality due to an increased risk for noncommunicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and some cancers. Insulin resistance may link accumulation of adipose tissue in obesity to metabolic diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In the past decades, data from human studies and transgenic animal models strongly suggested correlative, but also causative associations between activation of proinflammatory pathways and insulin resistance. Particularly chronic inflammation in adipose tissue seems to play an important role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. On the other hand, adipose tissue inflammation has been shown to be essential for healthy adipose tissue expansion and remodelling. However, whether adipose tissue inflammation represents a consequence or a cause of impaired insulin sensitivity remains an open question. A better understanding of the molecular pathways linking excess adipose tissue storage to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance may provide the basis for the future development of anti-inflammatory treatment strategies to improve adverse metabolic consequences of obesity. In this review, potential mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammation and how adipose tissue inflammation may cause insulin resistance are discussed.
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Zhou H, Feng L, Xu F, Sun Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Xu G, Wu X, Shen Y, Sun Y, Wu X, Xu Q. Berberine inhibits palmitate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by triggering autophagy in macrophages: A new mechanism linking berberine to insulin resistance improvement. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:864-874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Phillips CM. Metabolically healthy obesity across the life course: epidemiology, determinants, and implications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1391:85-100. [PMID: 27723940 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, different subphenotypes of obesity have been described, including metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), in which a proportion of obese individuals, despite excess body fat, remain free of metabolic abnormalities and increased cardiometabolic risk. In the absence of a universally accepted set of criteria to classify MHO, the reported prevalence estimates vary widely. Our understanding of the determinants and stability of MHO over time and the associated cardiometabolic and mortality risks is improving, but many questions remain. For example, whether MHO is truly benign is debatable, and whether risk stratification of obese individuals on the basis of their metabolic health status may offer new opportunities for more personalized approaches in diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of diabetes remains speculative. Furthermore, as most of the research to date has focused on MHO in adults, little is known about childhood MHO. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, determinants, stability, and health implications of MHO across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Phillips
- HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Huang X, Yu T, Ma C, Wang Y, Xie B, Xuan D, Zhang J. Macrophages Play a Key Role in the Obesity-Induced Periodontal Innate Immune Dysfunction via Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3 Pathway. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1195-205. [PMID: 27212109 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. However, effects of obesity on macrophage infiltration and activation in periodontal tissues with periodontitis are still to be elucidated. METHODS A diet-induced obesity 16-week mouse model was constructed, and periodontitis was induced by periodontal ligation for 10 days. The model consisted of periodontitis (P) and control (C) groups, with high fat (HF) and normal (N) diet conditions. Bone loss (BL) was analyzed by microcomputed tomography. In periodontal tissues, immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detected expressions of: 1) nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway; 2) macrophage-specific marker (F4/80); and 3) macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1). Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from the mouse model were stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro (NC/NC + LPS: BMDMs from NC group without/with LPS stimulation; HFC/HFC + LPS: BMDMs from HFC group without/with LPS stimulation). Expressions of NLRP3 pathway in BMDMs were detected by immunocytochemical staining and qPCR. RESULTS BL increased significantly with periodontitis (NC versus NP; HFC versus HFP) and obesity (NP versus HFP). Expressions of NLRP3 pathway were significantly elevated in gingival tissues with periodontitis (NC versus NP; HFC versus HFP), but not with obesity (NC versus HFC; NP versus HFP). F4/80 and MCP1 expressions were significantly upregulated in gingival tissues with periodontitis (NC versus NP; HFC versus HFP) but significantly downregulated in the context of obesity (NP versus HFP). In vitro, NLRP3 pathway expressions were significantly upregulated in BMDMs after LPS stimulation (NC + LPS versus NC; HFC + LPS versus HFC), but significantly downregulated in HFC groups (HFC versus NC; HFC + LPS versus NC + LPS). CONCLUSION Obesity may paralyze innate immune response of periodontium via attenuating infiltration and activation of macrophages and further aggravate periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanjuan Ma
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoyi Xie
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongying Xuan
- Department of Periodontology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jincai Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Periodontology, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Eckel N, Meidtner K, Kalle-Uhlmann T, Stefan N, Schulze MB. Metabolically healthy obesity and cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:956-66. [PMID: 26701871 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315623884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have provided inconsistent results about the cardiovascular risks for participants with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). These uncertainties might partly reflect the lack of a uniform definition of MHO. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether there is a suitable approach that identifies obese participants who are not at an increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with healthy normal-weight participants. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two prospective studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Using random-effect models, pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated for the combined effects of obesity with the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and any of these metabolic factors. Participants with MHO defined by the absence of metabolic syndrome were at increased risk for cardiovascular events compared with healthy normal-weight participants (pooled RR 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.70), but had lower risks than unhealthy normal-weight (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.62-2.65) and obese (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.99-2.69) participants. The risk associated with participants who had MHO was particularly high over the long term. Similar risk estimates were observed when MHO was defined by other approaches. CONCLUSIONS None of the approaches clearly identified an obese subgroup not at increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with normal-weight healthy participants. A benign obese phenotype might be defined by strict definitions, but insufficient studies exist to support this. More research is needed to better define MHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Eckel
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Germany
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Stefan
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Germany Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the University of Tübingen, Germany Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Germany
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Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic and vascular alterations which predispose to the development of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). However, the individual obesity-related risk for the MetS is not determined by increased fat mass alone. Heterogeneity of body composition, fat distribution and adipose tissue (AT) function may underly the variable risk to develop metabolic and cardiovascular diseases associated with increased body fat mass. Importantly, an inability to increase AT mass by adipocyte hyperplasia may lead to adipocyte hypertrophy and could induce dysfunction of adipose tissue characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity, hypoxia, increased parameters of intracellular stress, increased autophagy and apoptosis and tissue inflammation. As a result, adipocytes and other AT cells release signals (e.g. adipokines, cells, metabolites) resulting in a proinflammatory, diabetogenic and atherogenic serum profile. These adverse signals may contribute to further AT inflammation and secondary organ damage in target tissues such as liver, brain, endothelium, vasculature, endocrine organs and skeletal muscle. Recently, a specific adipocyte volume threshold has been shown to predict the risk for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Most likely, impaired adipocyte function is caused by genetic, behavioural and environmental factors which are not entirely understood. Elucidating the mechanisms of adipocyte dysfunction may lead to the identification of novel treatment targets for obesity and the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Klöting
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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