1
|
Freiwald T, Afzali B. Renal diseases and the role of complement: Linking complement to immune effector pathways and therapeutics. Adv Immunol 2021; 152:1-81. [PMID: 34844708 PMCID: PMC8905641 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and phylogenetically conserved key danger sensing system that is critical for host defense against pathogens. Activation of the complement system is a vital component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of pathogens. It is also a central orchestrator of adaptive immune responses and a constituent of normal tissue homeostasis. Once complement activation occurs, this system deposits indiscriminately on any cell surface in the vicinity and has the potential to cause unwanted and excessive tissue injury. Deposition of complement components is recognized as a hallmark of a variety of kidney diseases, where it is indeed associated with damage to the self. The provenance and the pathophysiological role(s) played by complement in each kidney disease is not fully understood. However, in recent years there has been a renaissance in the study of complement, with greater appreciation of its intracellular roles as a cell-intrinsic system and its interplay with immune effector pathways. This has been paired with a profusion of novel therapeutic agents antagonizing complement components, including approved inhibitors against complement components (C)1, C3, C5 and C5aR1. A number of clinical trials have investigated the use of these more targeted approaches for the management of kidney diseases. In this review we present and summarize the evidence for the roles of complement in kidney diseases and discuss the available clinical evidence for complement inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Portilla D, Xavier S. Role of intracellular complement activation in kidney fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2880-2891. [PMID: 33555070 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of complement C1r, C1s and C3 in kidney cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. Our studies suggest that activation of complement in kidney cells with increased generation of C3 and its fragments occurs by activation of classical and alternative pathways. Single nuclei RNA sequencing studies in kidney tissue from unilateral ureteral obstruction mice show that increased synthesis of complement C3 and C5 occurs primarily in renal tubular epithelial cells (proximal and distal), while increased expression of complement receptors C3ar1 and C5ar1 occurs in interstitial cells including immune cells like monocytes/macrophages suggesting compartmentalization of complement components during kidney injury. Although global deletion of C3 and macrophage ablation prevent inflammation and reduced kidney tissue scarring, the development of mice with cell-specific deletion of complement components and their regulators could bring further insights into the mechanisms by which intracellular complement activation leads to fibrosis and progressive kidney disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non-canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Portilla
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sandhya Xavier
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Groeneweg KE, Au YW, Duijs JMGJ, Florijn BW, van Kooten C, de Fijter JW, Reinders MEJ, van Zonneveld AJ, Bijkerk R. Diabetic nephropathy alters circulating long noncoding RNA levels that normalize following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:3451-3461. [PMID: 32353171 PMCID: PMC7754299 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) replaces kidney function and restores endogenous insulin secretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we aimed to identify circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are associated with DN and vascular injury in the context of SPKT. Based on a pilot study and a literature-based selection of vascular injury-related lncRNAs, we assessed 9 candidate lncRNAs in plasma samples of patients with diabetes mellitus with a kidney function >35 mL/min/1.73 m2 (DM; n = 12), DN (n = 14), SPKT (n = 35), healthy controls (n = 15), and renal transplant recipients (KTx; n = 13). DN patients were also studied longitudinally before and 1, 6, and 12 months after SPKT. Of 9 selected lncRNAs, we found MALAT1, LIPCAR, and LNC-EPHA6 to be higher in DN compared with healthy controls. SPKT caused MALAT1, LIPCAR, and LNC-EPHA6 to normalize to levels of healthy controls, which was confirmed in the longitudinal study. In addition, we observed a strong association between MALAT1, LNC-EPHA6, and LIPCAR and vascular injury marker soluble thrombomodulin and a subset of angiogenic microRNAs (miR-27a, miR-130b, miR-152, and miR-340). We conclude that specific circulating lncRNAs associate with DN-related vascular injury and normalize after SPKT, suggesting that lncRNAs may provide a promising novel monitoring strategy for vascular integrity in the context of SPKT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen E. Groeneweg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Yu Wah Au
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacques M. G. J. Duijs
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Barend W. Florijn
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Johan W. de Fijter
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology)Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Liang Q, Wang N, Wang Q, Leng L, Mao J, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Liang H, Zhou X, Li Y, Cao Z, Luan P, Wang Z, Yuan H, Wang Z, Zhou X, Lamont SJ, Da Y, Li R, Tian S, Du Z, Li H. Microevolutionary Dynamics of Chicken Genomes under Divergent Selection for Adiposity. iScience 2020; 23:101193. [PMID: 32554187 PMCID: PMC7303556 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of artificial selection have significantly improved performance and efficiency of animal production systems. However, little is known about the microevolution of genomes due to intensive breeding. Using whole-genome sequencing, we document dynamic changes of chicken genomes under divergent selection on adiposity over 19 generations. Directional selection reduced within-line but increased between-line genomic differences. We observed that artificial selection tended to result in recruitment of preexisting variations of genes related to adipose tissue growth. In addition, novel mutations contributed to divergence of phenotypes under selection but contributed significantly less than preexisting genomic variants. Integration of 15 generations genome sequencing, genome-wide association study, and multi-omics data further identified that genes involved in signaling pathways important to adipogenesis, such as autophagy and lysosome (URI1, MBL2), neural system (CHAT), and endocrine (PCSK1) pathways, were under strong selection. Our study provides insights into the microevolutionary dynamics of domestic animal genomes under artificial selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Liang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 10089, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qigui Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jie Mao
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 10089, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shouzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 10089, P. R. China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Yang Da
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 10089, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 10089, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou ZF, Jiang L, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Zhou J, Chen QK, Lv JL. Roles of pattern recognition receptors in diabetic nephropathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:192-203. [PMID: 32133797 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the most common complication of diabetes. It is considered to be one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and affects many diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DN is extremely complex and has not yet been clarified; however, in recent years, increasing evidence has shown the important role of innate immunity in DN pathogenesis. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are important components of the innate immune system and have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of DN. In this review, we classify PRRs into secretory, endocytic, and signal transduction PRRs according to the relationship between the PRRs and subcellular compartments. PRRs can recognize related pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thus triggering a series of inflammatory responses, promoting renal fibrosis, and finally causing renal impairment. In this review, we describe the proposed role of each type of PRRs in the development and progression of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qin-Kai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jin-Lei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus has a substantial negative impact on morbidity and mortality and is responsible for substantial individual and socioeconomic costs worldwide. One of the most serious consequences of diabetes mellitus is the development of diabetic angiopathy, which manifests clinically as microvascular and macrovascular complications. One microvascular complication, diabetic nephropathy, is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in developed countries. Although several available therapeutic interventions can delay the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy, morbidity associated with this disease remains high and new therapeutic approaches are needed. In addition, not all patients with diabetes mellitus will develop diabetic nephropathy and thus new biomarkers are needed to identify individuals who will develop this life-threatening disease. An increasing body of evidence points toward a role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. For example, circulating levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system, have emerged as a robust biomarker for the development and progression of this disease, and evidence suggests that MBL, H-ficolin, complement component C3 and the membrane attack complex might contribute to renal injury in the hyperglycaemic mileu. New approaches to modulate the complement system might lead to the development of new agents to prevent or slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Flyvbjerg
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dørflinger GH, Holt CB, Thiel S, Østergaard JA, Hansen TK. Effect of Optimization of Glycaemic Control on Mannan-Binding Lectin in Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1249729. [PMID: 29318157 PMCID: PMC5727755 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1249729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) concentration in plasma is increased in subjects with type 1 diabetes and associated with increased mortality and risk of diabetic nephropathy. Recent findings show that pancreas transplantation reduces MBL concentration. Whether the increased MBL concentration is reversed by improved glycaemic control remains unknown. We investigated the effects of improved glycaemic control on MBL concentration in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS We measured MBL, fructosamine, and HbA1cat baseline and after 6 weeks in 52 type 1 diabetic patients following the change from conventional insulin therapy to insulin pump therapy. RESULTS After initiation of insulin pump therapy, the total daily insulin dose was significantly reduced (from 51 ± 18 IE/day to 39 ± 13 IE/day, P < 0.0001). There was a significant decrease in HbA1c from 8.6% to 7.7% (from 70 mmol/mol to 61 mmol/mol, P < 0.0001) and in fructosamine levels (from 356 μmol/L to 311 μmol/L, P < 0.0001). MBL levels decreased by 10% from 2165 μg/L (IQR 919-3389 μg/L) at baseline to 1928 μ/L (IQR 811-2758 μg/L) at follow-up (P = 0.005), but MBL change was not significantly correlated with changes in insulin dose, HbA1c, or fructosamine. CONCLUSIONS MBL concentration decreased following the initiation of insulin pump therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes and did not correlate with changes in glycaemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gry Høst Dørflinger
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brink Holt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Appel Østergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Krarup Hansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|