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Sebastiani G, Grieco GE, Bruttini M, Auddino S, Mori A, Toniolli M, Fignani D, Licata G, Aiello E, Nigi L, Formichi C, Fernandez-Tajes J, Pugliese A, Evans-Molina C, Overbergh L, Tree T, Peakman M, Mathieu C, Dotta F. A set of circulating microRNAs belonging to the 14q32 chromosome locus identifies two subgroups of individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101591. [PMID: 38838677 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are linked to the onset and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), thus representing potential disease biomarkers. In this study, we employed a multiplatform sequencing approach to analyze circulating miRNAs in an extended cohort of prospectively evaluated recent-onset T1DM individuals from the INNODIA consortium. Our findings reveal that a set of miRNAs located within T1DM susceptibility chromosomal locus 14q32 distinguishes two subgroups of individuals. To validate our results, we conducted additional analyses on a second cohort of T1DM individuals, confirming the identification of these subgroups, which we have named cluster A and cluster B. Remarkably, cluster B T1DM individuals, who exhibit increased expression of a set of 14q32 miRNAs, show better glycemic control and display a different blood immunomics profile. Our findings suggest that this set of circulating miRNAs can identify two different T1DM subgroups with distinct blood immunomics at baseline and clinical outcomes during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Bruttini
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy; Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Auddino
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessia Mori
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy; Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Toniolli
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Aiello
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy; Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy.
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Virostko J, Tirkes T. Cross-sectional imaging of the pancreas in diabetes. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:2116-2124. [PMID: 38557767 PMCID: PMC11213663 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus presents a global health challenge characterized by dysregulated glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Pancreas dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of diabetes. Cross-sectional imaging modalities have provided new insight into the structural and functional alterations of the pancreas in individuals with diabetes. This review summarizes MRI and CT studies that characterize pancreas alterations in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and discusses future applications of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Virostko
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 10 E 24th Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Temel Tirkes
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Morgan NG. Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: lessons from an enigmatic lesion. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:lvae002. [PMID: 38231086 PMCID: PMC10824273 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is caused by a deficiency of insulin secretion which has been considered traditionally as the outcome of a precipitous decline in the viability of β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, brought about by autoimmune-mediated attack. Consistent with this, various classes of lymphocyte, as well as cells of the innate immune system have been found in association with islets during disease progression. However, analysis of human pancreas from subjects with type 1 diabetes has revealed that insulitis is often less intense than in equivalent animal models of the disease and can affect many fewer islets than expected, at disease onset. This is especially true in subjects developing type 1 diabetes in, or beyond, their teenage years. Such studies imply that both the phenotype and the number of immune cells present within insulitic lesions can vary among individuals in an age-dependent manner. Additionally, the influent lymphocytes are often mainly arrayed peripherally around islets rather than gaining direct access to the endocrine cell core. Thus, insulitis remains an enigmatic phenomenon in human pancreas and this review seeks to explore the current understanding of its likely role in the progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G Morgan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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Atkinson MA, Mirmira RG. The pathogenic "symphony" in type 1 diabetes: A disorder of the immune system, β cells, and exocrine pancreas. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1500-1518. [PMID: 37478842 PMCID: PMC10529265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is widely considered to result from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells. This concept has been a central tenet for decades of attempts seeking to decipher the disorder's pathogenesis and prevent/reverse the disease. Recently, this and many other disease-related notions have come under increasing question, particularly given knowledge gained from analyses of human T1D pancreas. Perhaps most crucial are findings suggesting that a collective of cellular constituents-immune, endocrine, and exocrine in origin-mechanistically coalesce to facilitate T1D. This review considers these emerging concepts, from basic science to clinical research, and identifies several key remaining knowledge voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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