1
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Brusco N, Sebastiani G, Di Giuseppe G, Licata G, Grieco GE, Fignani D, Nigi L, Formichi C, Aiello E, Auddino S, Quero G, Cefalo CMA, Cinti F, Mari A, Ferraro PM, Pontecorvi A, Alfieri S, Giaccari A, Dotta F, Mezza T. Intra-islet insulin synthesis defects are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and loss of beta cell identity in human diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:354-366. [PMID: 36280617 PMCID: PMC9807540 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and beta cell dedifferentiation both play leading roles in impaired insulin secretion in overt type 2 diabetes. Whether and how these factors are related in the natural history of the disease remains, however, unclear. METHODS In this study, we analysed pancreas biopsies from a cohort of metabolically characterised living donors to identify defects in in situ insulin synthesis and intra-islet expression of ER stress and beta cell phenotype markers. RESULTS We provide evidence that in situ altered insulin processing is closely connected to in vivo worsening of beta cell function. Further, activation of ER stress genes reflects the alteration of insulin processing in situ. Using a combination of 17 different markers, we characterised individual pancreatic islets from normal glucose tolerant, impaired glucose tolerant and type 2 diabetic participants and reconstructed disease progression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that increased beta cell workload is accompanied by a progressive increase in ER stress with defects in insulin synthesis and loss of beta cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina E Grieco
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Aiello
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Auddino
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Pancreatic surgery unit, Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara M A Cefalo
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro M Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- U.O.S. Terapia Conservativa della Malattia Renale Cronica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Pancreatic surgery unit, Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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2
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Ambroselli D, Masciulli F, Romano E, Catanzaro G, Besharat ZM, Massari MC, Ferretti E, Migliaccio S, Izzo L, Ritieni A, Grosso M, Formichi C, Dotta F, Frigerio F, Barbiera E, Giusti AM, Ingallina C, Mannina L. New Advances in Metabolic Syndrome, from Prevention to Treatment: The Role of Diet and Food. Nutrients 2023; 15:640. [PMID: 36771347 PMCID: PMC9921449 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to MetS is almost invariably a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, which could lead to elevated cardiovascular risk. Indeed, the complications closely related to MetS are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been observed that the predisposition to metabolic syndrome is modulated by complex interactions between human microbiota, genetic factors, and diet. This review provides a summary of the last decade of literature related to three principal aspects of MetS: (i) the syndrome's definition and classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches; (ii) prediction and diagnosis underlying the biomarkers identified by means of advanced methodologies (NMR, LC/GC-MS, and LC, LC-MS); and (iii) the role of foods and food components in prevention and/or treatment of MetS, demonstrating a possible role of specific foods intake in the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ambroselli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Masciulli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Romano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Catanzaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Chiara Massari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Health Sciences Section, University “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO, Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Grosso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Frigerio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Barbiera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Grieco GE, Besharat ZM, Licata G, Fignani D, Brusco N, Nigi L, Formichi C, Po A, Sabato C, Dardano A, Natali A, Dotta F, Sebastiani G, Ferretti E. Circulating microRNAs as clinically useful biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: miRNomics from bench to bedside. Transl Res 2022; 247:137-157. [PMID: 35351622 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disease, has attained the status of a global epidemic with steadily increasing incidence worldwide. Improved diagnosis, stratification and prognosis of T2D patients and the development of more effective treatments are needed. In this era of personalized medicine, the discovery and evaluation of innovative circulating biomarkers can be an effective tool for better stratification, prognosis and therapeutic selection/management of T2D patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression, have been investigated as potential circulating biomarkers in T2D. Several studies have investigated the expression of circulating miRNAs in T2D patients from various biological fluids, including plasma and serum, and have demonstrated their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as biomarkers of response to therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge, focusing on circulating miRNAs that have been consistently expressed in at least two independent studies, in order to identify a set of consistent biomarker candidates in T2D. The expression levels of miRNAs, correlation with clinical parameters, functional roles of miRNAs and their potential as biomarkers are reported. A systematic literature search and assessment of studies led to the selection and review of 10 miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-30d-5p and miR-30c-5p). We also present technical challenges and our thoughts on the potential validation of circulating miRNAs and their application as biomarkers in the context of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giada Licata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Sabato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Dardano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy; Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Grieco GE, Brusco N, Fignani D, Nigi L, Formichi C, Licata G, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Salvini L, Tinti L, Po A, Ferretti E, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Reduced miR-184-3p expression protects pancreatic β-cells from lipotoxic and proinflammatory apoptosis in type 2 diabetes via CRTC1 upregulation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:340. [PMID: 35906204 PMCID: PMC9338237 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of functional β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with molecular events that include β-cell apoptosis, dysfunction and/or dedifferentiation. MicroRNA miR-184-3p has been shown to be involved in several β-cell functions, including insulin secretion, proliferation and survival. However, the downstream targets and upstream regulators of miR-184-3p have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show reduced miR-184-3p levels in human T2D pancreatic islets, whereas its direct target CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) was increased and protects β-cells from lipotoxicity- and inflammation-induced apoptosis. Downregulation of miR-184-3p in β-cells leads to upregulation of CRTC1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Remarkably, the protective effect of miR-184-3p is dependent on CRTC1, as its silencing in human β-cells abrogates the protective mechanism mediated by inhibition of miR-184-3p. Furthermore, in accordance with miR-184-3p downregulation, we also found that the β-cell-specific transcription factor NKX6.1, DNA-binding sites of which are predicted in the promoter sequence of human and mouse MIR184 gene, is reduced in human pancreatic T2D islets. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and mRNA silencing experiments, we demonstrated that NKX6.1 directly controls both human and murine miR-184 expression. In summary, we provide evidence that the decrease in NKX6.1 expression is accompanied by a significant reduction in miR-184-3p expression and that reduction of miR-184-3p protects β-cells from apoptosis through a CRTC1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina E Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Tinti
- TLS-Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy.,Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
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Voglino C, Badalucco S, Tirone A, Ciuoli C, Cantara S, Benenati N, Bufano A, Formichi C, Croce F, Gaggelli I, Vuolo ML, Vuolo G. Follow-up after bariatric surgery: is it time to tailor it? Analysis of early predictive factors of 3-year weight loss predictors of unsuccess in bariatric patients. Updates Surg 2022; 74:1389-1398. [PMID: 35780262 PMCID: PMC9338161 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-022-01314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment strategy for obesity. Nevertheless, a subset of patients does not reach a successful weight loss or experience long-term weight regain. Conflicting evidence exists regarding predictors of BS outcomes. We aimed to define the early factors linked to 3 year unsuccessful weight loss in order to promote a tailored close follow-up. We enrolled 443 patients who underwent BS from January 2014 to December 2018 with a 3 year follow-up. An unsuccessful BS outcome was defined as a percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) < 20. We compared the characteristics between successful and unsuccessful patients in order to identify predictor factors of unsuccess after surgery. We found that the proportion of patients with unsuccessful weight loss progressively increased from one to three years after BS. In a multiple regression model, only 1 month %TWL and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) were significantly associated with 3 year unsuccessful weight loss. We stratified our cohort in four groups according to the risk of BS unsuccess, in terms of 1 month %TWL and type of surgery (SG vs gastric bypass). Interestingly, groups showed a significant difference in terms of %TWL at each follow-up point. Patients submitted to SG with lower 1 month %TWL must be considered at higher risk of future weight regain; consequently, they require a tailored and closer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Voglino
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 14, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Badalucco
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 14, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Tirone
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 14, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Ciuoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, Policlinico "Le Scotte", 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cantara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, Policlinico "Le Scotte", 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Benenati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, Policlinico "Le Scotte", 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bufano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, Policlinico "Le Scotte", 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, Policlinico "Le Scotte", 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Croce
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Campostaggia, Campostaggia, 53036, Poggibonsi, SI, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gaggelli
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 14, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Vuolo
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 14, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vuolo
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci 14, 53100, Siena, Italy
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6
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Nigi L, Brusco N, Grieco GE, Fignani D, Licata G, Formichi C, Aiello E, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Krogvold L, Jorgensen KD, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Increased Expression of Viral Sensor MDA5 in Pancreatic Islets and in Hormone-Negative Endocrine Cells in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetic Donors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833141. [PMID: 35359976 PMCID: PMC8963204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between genetic and environmental factors determines the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Some viruses are capable of infecting and damaging pancreatic β-cells, whose antiviral response could be modulated by specific viral RNA receptors and sensors such as melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5), encoded by the IFIH1 gene. MDA5 has been shown to be involved in pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory outcomes, thus determining the response of pancreatic islets to viral infections. Although the function of MDA5 has been previously well explored, a detailed immunohistochemical characterization of MDA5 in pancreatic tissues of nondiabetic and T1D donors is still missing. In the present study, we used multiplex immunofluorescence imaging analysis to characterize MDA5 expression and distribution in pancreatic tissues obtained from 22 organ donors (10 nondiabetic autoantibody-negative, 2 nondiabetic autoantibody-positive, 8 recent-onset, and 2 long-standing T1D). In nondiabetic control donors, MDA5 was expressed both in α- and β-cells. The colocalization rate imaging analysis showed that MDA5 was preferentially expressed in α-cells. In T1D donors, we observed an increased colocalization rate of MDA5-glucagon with respect to MDA5-insulin in comparison to nondiabetic controls; such increase was more pronounced in recent-onset with respect to long-standing T1D donors. Of note, an increased colocalization rate of MDA5-glucagon was found in insulin-deficient-islets (IDIs) with respect to insulin-containing-islets (ICIs). Strikingly, we detected the presence of MDA5-positive/hormone-negative endocrine islet-like clusters in T1D donors, presumably due to dedifferentiation or neogenesis phenomena. These clusters were identified exclusively in donors with recent disease onset and not in autoantibody-positive nondiabetic donors or donors with long-standing T1D. In conclusion, we showed that MDA5 is preferentially expressed in α-cells, and its expression is increased in recent-onset T1D donors. Finally, we observed that MDA5 may also characterize the phenotype of dedifferentiated or newly forming islet cells, thus opening to novel roles for MDA5 in pancreatic endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Nigi,
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina E. Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Aiello
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Paediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl Jorgensen
- Paediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
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7
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Formichi C, Nigi L, Grieco GE, Maccora C, Fignani D, Brusco N, Licata G, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Non-Coding RNAs: Novel Players in Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7716. [PMID: 34299336 PMCID: PMC8306942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance (IR) have stressed the urgent need of accurate and applicable tools for early diagnosis and treatment. In the last decade, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained growing interest because of their potential role in IR modulation. NcRNAs are variable-length transcripts which are not translated into proteins but are involved in gene expression regulation. Thanks to their stability and easy detection in biological fluids, ncRNAs have been investigated as promising diagnostic and therapeutic markers in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we review the emerging role of ncRNAs in the development of IR and related diseases such as obesity, T2D and NAFLD, and summarize current evidence concerning their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Maccora
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), 53100 Siena, Italy
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8
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Grieco GE, Sebastiani G, Fignani D, Brusco N, Nigi L, Formichi C, Licata G, Bruttini M, D'Aurizio R, Mathieu C, Gysemans C, Dotta F. Protocol to analyze circulating small non-coding RNAs by high-throughput RNA sequencing from human plasma samples. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100606. [PMID: 34189472 PMCID: PMC8219884 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and validation of circulating small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, staging, and response to novel therapies is still a compelling challenge. Pre-analytical variables, such as storage temperature or blood hemolysis, and different analytical approaches affect sncRNA stability, detection, and expression, resulting in discrepancies among studies. Here, we report a systematic standardized protocol to reproducibly analyze circulating sncRNAs, employing high-throughput sncRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR validation, from 200 μL of human plasma samples. For details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ventriglia et al. (2020), Sebastiani et al. (2017), and Dotta et al. (2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina E Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Marco Bruttini
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Romina D'Aurizio
- Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, Italy.,Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena 53100, Italy
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9
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Grieco GE, Fignani D, Formichi C, Nigi L, Licata G, Maccora C, Brusco N, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Extracellular Vesicles in Immune System Regulation and Type 1 Diabetes: Cell-to-Cell Communication Mediators, Disease Biomarkers, and Promising Therapeutic Tools. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682948. [PMID: 34177928 PMCID: PMC8219977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by cells of origin through complex molecular mechanisms and released into extracellular environment. Hence, the presence of EVs has been described in multiple biological fluids and in most cases their molecular cargo, which includes non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), messenger RNAs (mRNA), and proteins, has been reported to modulate distinct biological processes. EVs release and their molecular cargo have been demonstrated to be altered in multiple diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Notably, numerous evidence showed a relevant crosstalk between immune system and interacting cells through specific EVs release. The crosstalk between insulin-producing pancreatic β cells and immune system through EVs bidirectional trafficking has yet started to be deciphered, thus uncovering an intricate communication network underlying type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. EVs can also be found in blood plasma or serum. Indeed, the assessment of circulating EVs cargo has been shown as a promising advance in the detection of reliable biomarkers of disease progression. Of note, multiple studies showed several specific cargo alterations of EVs collected from plasma/serum of subjects affected by autoimmune diseases, including T1D subjects. In this review, we discuss the recent literature reporting evidence of EVs role in autoimmune diseases, specifically focusing on the bidirectional crosstalk between pancreatic β cells and immune system in T1D and highlight the relevant promising role of circulating EVs as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Maccora
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
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10
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Grieco GE, Brusco N, Licata G, Fignani D, Formichi C, Nigi L, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. The Landscape of microRNAs in βCell: Between Phenotype Maintenance and Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020803. [PMID: 33466949 PMCID: PMC7830142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia mainly due to pancreatic β cell death and/or dysfunction, caused by several types of stress such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and inflammation. Different patho-physiological mechanisms driving β cell response to these stresses are tightly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of negative regulators of gene expression, involved in pathogenic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and in its complications. In this review, we aim to shed light on the most important miRNAs regulating the maintenance and the robustness of β cell identity, as well as on those miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of the two main forms of diabetes mellitus, i.e., type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we acknowledge that the understanding of miRNAs-regulated molecular mechanisms is fundamental in order to develop specific and effective strategies based on miRNAs as therapeutic targets, employing innovative molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (D.F.); (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-231283
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11
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Grieco GE, Brusco N, Licata G, Nigi L, Formichi C, Dotta F, Sebastiani G. Targeting microRNAs as a Therapeutic Strategy to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246358. [PMID: 31861156 PMCID: PMC6940935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia as a consequence of pancreatic β cell loss and/or dysfunction, also caused by oxidative stress. The molecular mechanisms involved inβ cell dysfunction and in response to oxidative stress are also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of negative gene regulators, which modulate pathologic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and its complications. Although several pharmacological therapies specifically targeting miRNAs have already been developed and brought to the clinic, most previous miRNA-based drug delivery methods were unable to target a specific miRNA in a single cell type or tissue, leading to important off-target effects. In order to overcome these issues, aptamers and nanoparticles have been described as non-cytotoxic vehicles for miRNA-based drug delivery. These approaches could represent an innovative way to specifically target and modulate miRNAs involved in oxidative stress in diabetes and its complications. Therefore, the aims of this review are: (i) to report the role of miRNAs involved in oxidative stress in diabetes as promising therapeutic targets; (ii) to shed light onto the new delivery strategies developed to modulate the expression of miRNAs in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, V.le Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (L.N.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, V.le Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (L.N.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, V.le Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (L.N.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, V.le Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (L.N.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, V.le Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (L.N.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, V.le Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (L.N.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- UO Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-586269
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, V.le Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.E.G.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (L.N.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
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12
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Maccora C, Ciuoli C, Goracci A, Benenati N, Formichi C, Pilli T, Verdino V, Mnutr ON, Bufano A, Tirone A, Voglino C, Fagiolini A, Castagna MG. ONE MONTH WEIGHT LOSS PREDICTS THE EFFICACY OF LIRAGLUTIDE IN OBESE PATIENTS: DATA FROM A SINGLE CENTER. Endocr Pract 2019; 26:235-240. [PMID: 31682516 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2019-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist which acts through peripheral and central receptor pathways affecting food intake. Preliminary identification of responder patients represents a crucial point to reduce an inappropriate exposure to the drug and the health expenditure. The primary endpoint of our study was to identify predictors of liraglutide efficacy in the short term follow-up. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the treatment efficacy stratified by the underlying psychiatric disorder. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 100 patients (77 females, 23 males, mean body mass index 38.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2) who were evaluated at baseline, and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment. Liraglutide efficacy was defined by a weight loss ≥5% of initial weight. Sociodemographic/metabolic parameters, food intake, smoking habit, and physical activity were correlated with liraglutide efficacy. Results: There was a significant weight loss after 1 month of therapy, as well as after 3 and 6 months when compared to the baseline (P<.0001; 27%, 45%, and 57% of patients showed a weight loss ≥5%, respectively). No difference was found in weight loss between the 3 groups of patients (with binge eating, with/without psychiatric disorders). The weight loss at 1 month was the only predictor of a positive response to the treatment. Conclusion: Our results confirm the efficacy of liraglutide even at a lower dose than conventional. The early response to the drug seems to be a good predictor of long-term efficacy and it might be useful in clinical practice to identify patients in whom liraglutide may induce a significant weight loss. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; EMA = European Medicine Agency; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; GLP-1 RA = glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist.
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Sesti G, Avogaro A, Belcastro S, Bonora BM, Croci M, Daniele G, Dauriz M, Dotta F, Formichi C, Frontoni S, Invitti C, Orsi E, Picconi F, Resi V, Bonora E, Purrello F. Ten years of experience with DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:605-617. [PMID: 30603867 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Achieving and maintaining recommended glycemic targets without causing adverse e ffects, including hypoglycemia, is challenging, especially in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important advance in the management of T2DM. By prolonging the activity of incretin hormones, DPP-4 inhibitors induce insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. This results in a more physiologic glycemic control as compared to that ensured by insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas and glinides). Overall, DPP-4 inhibitors have a favorable safety profile and can be used without dose adjustments in older adults and in patients with mild renal impairment; they have a neutral effect on body weight and do not cause hypoglycemia by themselves. Safety issues, reported mainly in post-marketing surveillance programs and including cardiovascular outcomes and the risk of acute pancreatitis, are being extensively investigated. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of DPP-4 inhibitors on the treatment of T2DM, after 10 years of experience, with an emphasis on diabetes care in Italy. We will first describe T2DM treatment in Italy and then provide an overview of the main findings from randomized controlled trials, real-world studies and post-marketing surveillance programs with DPP-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Science, University of Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Belcastro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Marina Croci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Daniele
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine A.O.U. Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Dauriz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Frontoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Systems Medicine, S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Invitti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Orsi
- Diabetes Unit, Fondazione IRCCS'Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Picconi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Systems Medicine, S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Resi
- Diabetes Unit, Fondazione IRCCS'Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Bonora
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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14
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Castagna MG, Forleo R, Maino F, Fralassi N, Barbato F, Palmitesta P, Pilli T, Capezzone M, Brilli L, Ciuoli C, Cantara S, Formichi C, Pacini F. Small papillary thyroid carcinoma with minimal extrathyroidal extension should be managed as ATA low-risk tumor. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1029-1035. [PMID: 29470826 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE) is classified at "intermediate risk" of persistent/recurrent disease. However, the impact of mETE per se on patients' outcome is not fully understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of mETE in patients with PTC not submitted to therapeutic or prophylactic lymph node dissection, according to tumor size and other prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated a total of 514 PTC patients: 127 (24.7%) had mETE (pT3Nx) and 387 (75.3%) had negative margins (pT1-2Nx). At a median follow-up of 9.1 years, patients were divided in two groups: patients with "good outcome" (no evidence of disease) and patients with "poor outcome" (persistent structural disease or recurrent disease or tumor-related death). RESULTS The rate of patients with "poor outcome" was significantly higher in patients with mETE compared with patients with negative margins (11.8 versus 5.1%; OR 2.4576, 95% CI 1.2178-4.9594, p = 0.01). However, mETE was significantly associated with poor outcome only in patients with tumors larger than 1.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS mETE is an unfavorable prognostic factor in tumors larger than 1.5 cm, suggesting that, in the absence of other unfavorable characteristics, smaller tumors with mETE should be classified and managed as "low risk" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Castagna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - R Forleo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Maino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - N Fralassi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Barbato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - P Palmitesta
- Department of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - T Pilli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Capezzone
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Brilli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - C Ciuoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Cantara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - C Formichi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Pacini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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15
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Chiofalo F, Ciuoli C, Formichi C, Selmi F, Forleo R, Neri O, Vuolo G, Paffetti P, Pacini F. Bariatric Surgery Reduces Serum Anti-mullerian Hormone Levels in Obese Women With and Without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Obes Surg 2017; 27:1750-1754. [PMID: 28378209 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity in fertile women has negative effect on fertility. Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) represents a good index of fertility, and it is considered a marker of ovarian reserve and of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) gravity. Previous studies evaluated the relationship between obesity and AMH with contradictory results. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and AMH and the changes of AMH in obese women in reproductive age submitted to bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five obese patients between 18 and 39 years with (29 patients) and without PCOS (26 patients) were compared with a control group of normal weight women with (24 patients) and without PCOS (19 patients). Fourteen obese women with PCOS and 18 without PCOS underwent to bariatric surgery. Serum AMH, testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEAS were performed in all patients before and 1 year after surgical intervention. RESULTS AMH was significantly higher in the PCOS groups (p < 0.001), both in obese (5.84 ± 3.94 ng/ml) and non-obese women (7.35 ± 4.39 ng/ml). AMH was positively related to testosterone (p < 0.0001), androstenedione (p = 0.0005), and DHEAS (p = 0.003). After bariatric surgery, AMH levels were reduced in the both PCOS (p = 0.02) and non-PCOS group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS AMH levels are elevated in PCOS patients regardless of the body weight. Bariatric surgery is effective in the normalization of AMH levels (a possible indirect marker of better fertility) only in obese patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiofalo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Ciuoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Selmi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Forleo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ornella Neri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vuolo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Bariatric Surgery Unit, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Paffetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Furio Pacini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
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16
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Sebastiani G, Guarino E, Grieco GE, Formichi C, Delli Poggi C, Ceccarelli E, Dotta F. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) Expression Profiling in Plasma of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Reveals Upregulation of miRNA miR-330-3p. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:345. [PMID: 29312141 PMCID: PMC5732927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance accompanied by low/absent beta-cell compensatory adaptation to the increased insulin demand. Although the molecular mechanisms and factors acting on beta-cell compensatory response during pregnancy have been partially elucidated and reported, those inducing an impaired beta-cell compensation and function, thus evolving in GDM, have yet to be fully addressed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs, which negatively modulate gene expression through their sequence-specific binding to 3'UTR of mRNA target. They have been described as potent modulators of cell survival and proliferation and, furthermore, as orchestrating molecules of beta-cell compensatory response and function in diabetes. Moreover, it has been reported that miRNAs can be actively secreted by cells and found in many biological fluids (e.g., serum/plasma), thus representing both optimal candidate disease biomarkers and mediators of tissues crosstalk(s). Here, we analyzed the expression profiles of circulating miRNAs in plasma samples obtained from n = 21 GDM patients and from n = 10 non-diabetic control pregnant women (24-33 weeks of gestation) using TaqMan array microfluidics cards followed by RT-real-time PCR single assay validation. The results highlighted the upregulation of miR-330-3p in plasma of GDM vs non-diabetics. Furthermore, the analysis of miR-330-3p expression levels revealed a bimodally distributed GDM patients group characterized by high or low circulating miR-330 expression and identified as GDM-miR-330high and GDM-miR-330low. Interestingly, GDM-miR-330high subgroup retained lower levels of insulinemia, inversely correlated to miR-330-3p expression levels, and a significant higher rate of primary cesarean sections. Finally, miR-330-3p target genes analysis revealed major modulators of beta-cell proliferation and of insulin secretion, such as the experimentally validated genes E2F1 and CDC42 as well as AGT2R2, a gene involved in the differentiation of mature beta-cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that plasma miR-330-3p could be of help in identifying GDM patients with potential worse gestational diabetes outcome; in GDM, miR-330-3p may directly be transferred from plasma to beta-cells thus modulating key target genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Guarino
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Delli Poggi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccarelli
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Dotta,
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17
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Formichi C, Cantara S, Ciuoli C, Neri O, Chiofalo F, Selmi F, Tirone A, Colasanto G, Di Cosmo L, Vuolo G, Pacini F. Weight loss associated with bariatric surgery does not restore short telomere length of severe obese patients after 1 year. Obes Surg 2014; 24:2089-93. [PMID: 24913239 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere shortening is physiologically associated with ageing but it may be influenced by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, linked to obesity. Thus, obesity might represent an additional cause of telomere attrition. We aim to study relative telomere length (RTL) in obese subjects with and without metabolic syndrome and to assess the effect of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. METHODS We evaluated RTL in 107 obese subjects (62 with metabolic syndrome and 45 without metabolic syndrome), compared to 130 age-matched non-obese subjects. We also measured RTL in a subgroup of 93 obese patients prior to and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS RTL of obese subjects was significantly shorter (p<0.0001) than non-obese subjects but without differences between patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.19). RTL was significantly shorter than baseline at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that obese subjects have shorter telomeres compared to non-obese subjects, but RTL is not influenced by the presence of metabolic syndrome. RTL shows an additional attrition during the immediate post-operative period, probably due to a catabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Formichi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy,
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18
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Capezzone M, Cantara S, Marchisotta S, Busonero G, Formichi C, Benigni M, Capuano S, Toti P, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Caruso G, Carli AF, Palummo N, Pacini F. Telomere length in neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues of patients with familial and sporadic papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1852-6. [PMID: 21865371 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies have found an association between altered telomere length (TL), both attrition or elongation, and cancer phenotype. Recently, we have reported that patients with the familial form of papillary thyroid cancer (FPTC) have short telomeres in blood leucocytes. AIM To evaluate relative TL (RTL) at somatic level in neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues of patients with FPTC (n = 30) and sporadic PTC (n = 46). METHODS RTL was measured by quantitative PCR in neoplastic thyroid tissues, in the corresponding nontumor thyroid tissues (normal contralateral thyroid), and in other extrathyroidal tissues (lymph nodes, muscles, or buccal mucosa). RTL was also measured in adenomas and hyperplastic nodules. In a subset of samples, telomerase expression was measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Mean ± SD RTL of FPTC patients was short in neoplastic thyroid tissues (0.87 ± 0.2) with no difference from the normal contralateral thyroid tissues (0.85 ± 0.11) and extrathyroidal tissues (0.85 ± 0.31). On the contrary, in patients with sporadic PTC, the mean ± SD RTL in the neoplastic tissues (1.73 ± 0.63) was significantly shorter than that found in normal contralateral tissues (2.58 ± 0.89) and extrathyroidal tissues (2.5 ± 0.86). For all tissue samples (cancer, normal thyroid, and nonthyroidal tissues) the mean ± SD RTL of familial cases was shorter (P < 0.0001) than that found in tissues from sporadic PTC. RTL of FPTC was also lower (P < 0.0001) than that of 23 follicular adenomas (1.6 ± 0.7) and 24 hyperplastic nodules (2.2 ± 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that short telomeres are a consistent feature of PTC, which in familial cases, is not restricted to the tumor tissue. This finding suggests that FPTC has a distinct, heritable, genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capezzone
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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19
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Cantara S, Capuano S, Formichi C, Pisu M, Capezzone M, Pacini F. Lack of germline A339V mutation in thyroid transcription factor-1 (TITF-1/NKX2.1) gene in familial papillary thyroid cancer. Thyroid Res 2010; 3:4. [PMID: 20701785 PMCID: PMC2930630 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer may have a familial predisposition but a specific germline alteration responsible for the disease has not been discovered yet. We have shown that familial papillary thyroid cancer (FPTC) patients have an imbalance in telomere-telomerase complex with short telomeres and increased telomerase activity. A germline mutation (A339V) in thyroid transcription factor-1 has been described in patients with multinodular goiter and papillary thyroid cancer. In this report, the presence of the A339V mutation and the telomere length has been studied in FPTC patients and unaffected family members. All samples analyzed displayed a pattern typical of the homozygous wild type revealing the absence of the A339V mutation. Shortening of telomeres was confirmed in all patients. We concluded that the A339V mutation in thyroid transcription factor-1 (TITF-1/NKX2.1) is not correlated with the familial form of PTC, even when the tumor was in the context of multinodular goiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cantara
- Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Capuano
- Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Milena Pisu
- Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Capezzone
- Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Furio Pacini
- Section of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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