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Hakulinen C, Komulainen K. Perspectives on adolescent mental health after the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:402-403. [PMID: 38760104 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Kaisla Komulainen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Ringbom I, Suvisaari J, Sourander A, Gissler M, Gyllenberg D. Temporal changes in the associations between diagnosed psychiatric disorders and dropping out of school early. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1443-1450. [PMID: 37380876 PMCID: PMC11098921 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric problems are risk markers for poor educational attainment. The number of adolescents receiving treatment has increased. We investigated whether the association between psychiatric problems in early adolescence and dropping out of school had changed. We used the register-based 1987 and 1997 Finnish Birth Cohort studies, which include all live births in Finland. Hospital districts with incomplete records were excluded, leaving 25,421 participants born in 1987 and 32,025 born in 1997. The main outcome was not having applied for secondary education by the year the cohort members turned 18. Our main predictors were psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by specialized services during 1998-2003 and 2008-2013, when the cohort members were 10-16 years old. We found that 511 (2.0) of subjects born in 1987 and 499 (1.6%) born in 1997 dropped out of school. Having any diagnosis at 10-16 of age was associated with dropping out of school early in both cohorts: 3.9% in 1987 and 4.8% in 1997. The highest proportions were in the subgroup with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 19.4% in 1987 and 16.2% in 1997. Dropping out early increased among adolescents diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder, from 3.9 to 4.8%, with the clearest increase for learning disabilities, from 3.4 to 9.0%. Dropping out decreased for those with depression, from 4.5 to 2.1%. Adolescents with psychiatric and especially neurodevelopmental disorders, need effective interventions to prevent them dropping out of school early. Increased detection of psychopathology did not result in decreased dropout rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Ringbom
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland.
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Sweden and Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Gyllenberg
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Askeland KGÄ, Radlick RL, BØe T, Hysing M, La Greca AM, Nilsen SA. Parental unemployment and educational outcomes in late adolescence: the importance of family cohesion, parental education, and family income in a Norwegian study. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241228163. [PMID: 38380510 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241228163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to investigate the association between parental unemployment and grade point average and school completion in adolescence, and the importance of family cohesion, parental education, and family income in explaining these associations. METHODS Data stem from the Norwegian cross-sectional 2012 youth@hordaland-survey including 8437 adolescents (53.4% girls). Information on grade point average, school completion, parental education, and family income were retrieved from the National Education Database. Parental work status and family cohesion were assessed by adolescent self-report. RESULTS Adolescents with at least one unemployed parent had lower grade point averages (3.49 compared with 3.92, P<0.001) and rates of school completion (71.9% compared with 86.6%, P<0.001) compared with adolescents with two working parents. The associations between parental unemployment and both grade point average (b = -0.22, 95% confidence interval -0.32, -0.12) and school completion (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.46, 0.76) partly attenuated but remained significant when taking family cohesion, parental education, and family income into account. There was a significant interaction between parental unemployment and family cohesion on grade point average, in which the positive association between family cohesion and grade point average was weaker for adolescents with unemployed parents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with parents outside of the workforce are at higher risk of poorer educational outcomes than peers with working parents. Combined with the positive associations between parental education, family cohesion, family income, and educational outcomes, this underscores the importance of parents for adolescent educational outcomes, and suggests that parents and the family situation should be considered when providing academic support for adolescents who struggle in upper secondary school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin GÄrtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca Lynn Radlick
- Division of Health and Social Sciences, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod BØe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Kiviruusu O, Haravuori H, Lindgren M, Therman S, Marttunen M, Suvisaari J, Aalto-Setälä T. Generalized anxiety among Finnish youth from 2013 to 2021-Trend and the impact of COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:267-274. [PMID: 36914117 PMCID: PMC10008046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alarming levels of emotional symptoms among youth were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies assessing these figures against the pre-pandemic developments are rare. We examined the trend of generalized anxiety (GA) in adolescents in the 2010s and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic against this trend. METHODS Data from the Finnish School Health Promotion study with 750,000 participants aged 13-20 between 2013 and 2021 was analyzed using GAD-7 to measure self-reported GA (cut-off ≥10). Inquiries were made about remote learning arrangements. Effects of time and COVID-19 were analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS Among females, an increasing trend in GA between 2013 and 2019 was found (OR per year 1.05), and the prevalence increased from 15.5 % to 19.7 %. Among males, the trend was decreasing (OR = 0.98), with prevalence from 6.0 % to 5.5 %. Increase in GA from 2019 to 2021 was stronger in females (19.7 % to 30.2 %) than males (5.5 % to 7.8 %), while the effect of COVID-19 on GA was equally strong (OR = 1.59 vs. OR = 1.60) against the pre-pandemic trends. Remote learning was associated with elevated levels of GA, especially among those with unmet needs for learning support. LIMITATIONS The design of repeated cross-sectional surveys doesn't allow analyses of within individual changes. CONCLUSIONS Given the pre-pandemic trends of GA, the COVID-19 effect on it appeared equal in both sexes. The increasing pre-pandemic trend among adolescent females and the strong effect of COVID-19 on GA among both sexes warrants constant monitoring of mental health of the youth in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kiviruusu
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henna Haravuori
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lindgren
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Therman
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Aalto-Setälä
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Fiorilli C, Barni D, Russo C, Marchetti V, Angelini G, Romano L. Students' Burnout at University: The Role of Gender and Worker Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11341. [PMID: 36141612 PMCID: PMC9517191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Students' burnout has been widely investigated in recent decades, mainly showing a higher risk for female students across academic levels. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated whether employed students experience higher academic burnout risks. In this regard, previous findings have shown mixed results. The current study investigated the differences in burnout experience based on students' gender and worker status. We expected to find differences among study groups in their burnout levels. The participants were 494 Italian university students (49.6% female students; 49.4% working students) who completed the short version of the Burnout Assessment Tool Core dimensions (BAT-C). Firstly, we investigated the BAT-C measurement invariance across gender and worker status subgroups. Secondly, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed significant gender differences in burnout levels. Specifically, female students showed higher levels of exhaustion, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment than male students. Nevertheless, no interactive effects between gender and worker status were observed in the current sample. To sum up, gender is a key factor for understanding several BAT symptoms, and it should be considered by academic staff interested in preventing burnout at university and its dropout consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Fiorilli
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome, LUMSA, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Barni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome, LUMSA, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Marchetti
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome, LUMSA, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Angelini
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome, LUMSA, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Romano
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, 00163 Rome, Italy
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Ahrnberg H, Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Mustonen P, Fröjd S, Aktan-Collan K. Evaluating the efficacy of a school-based Finnish Gutsy Go programme in enhancing adolescents' positive mental health, experience of social inclusion, and social competence. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 34:53-69. [PMID: 38504653 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2277770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background: The Finnish Gutsy Go programme is a positive youth development intervention designed to enhance adolescents' psychosocial well-being by enabling eighth-grade students to develop and execute good deeds within the community.Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of the Gutsy Go programme on adolescents' positive mental health, experience of social inclusion, and social competence using a quasi-experimental study design.Methods: Data were collected with electronic questionnaires at baseline (n = 236 programme participants and n = 303 controls) and follow-up two weeks after the programme (n = 126, 54.2% programme participants and n = 103, 34.1% controls). Analyses included paired samples t-tests and mixed ANOVA analyses.Results: A statistically significant intragroup change across time was detected in the level of cooperation skills among programme participants (t(127) = -2.460, p = 0.015) but not among controls (t(102) = 1.088, p = 0.279). Statistically significant main effects were found for the intervention group on the experience of social inclusion (F(1, 1) = 9.34, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.040), cooperation skills (F(1,1) = 5.28, p = 0.020, ηp2 = 0.020), and empathy (F(1,1) = 6.44, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.030) across time.Conclusion: The Gutsy Go programme could be beneficial in improving adolescents' experience of social inclusion, cooperation skills, and empathy. More studies are needed to address the effects of the programme more firmly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ahrnberg
- The Finnish Medical Society, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Sari Fröjd
- Health Sciences Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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