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Gao J, Ren P, Zhou Q, Zhang J. Comparative studies of the response of sensitive and tolerant submerged macrophytes to high ammonium concentration stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:57-65. [PMID: 30952066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three submerged macrophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum (CD), Myriophyllum spicatum (MS) and Myriophyllum aquaticum (MA), were treated with various concentrations of ammonia for different lengths of time. Ammonium ions (NH4+) in the medium severely inhibited plant growth and led to a reduction in total chlorophyll (chl a and b) in CD and MS. The addition of ammonia significantly decreased the soluble protein content and increased the free amino acid content of CD and MS in treatments with high concentrations of NH4+, but MA showed no significant physiological response. The antioxidant enzyme system of MA was activated, which in turn reduced the peroxidation level in the plant and maintained the plant's normal physiological activities when the ammonia nitrogen in the culture fluid increased. The study continued to use higher concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) of ammonium nitrogen to treat and observe the peroxidation level and corresponding enzyme production for this species of MA in vivo to explore its resistance mechanism. The experiments show that MA can normally live for a period of time in a high-ammonia environment of up to 100 mg/L. The results of the present study will assist in studies of the detoxification of high ammonium ion contents in submersed macrophytes and the selection of plants suitable for macrophyte recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqing Gao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China; Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Jingshen Zhang
- Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
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Jiang M, Zhou Y, Wang N, Xu L, Zheng Z, Zhang J. Allelopathic effects of harmful algal extracts and exudates on biofilms on leaves of Vallisneria natans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:823-830. [PMID: 30481709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the allelopathic effects of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) extracts and exudates on the physiological responses, photosynthetic activity, and microbial structure of biofilms on leaves of Vallisneria natans (V. natans). By measuring physiological and photosynthetic indices, the results showed that M. aeruginosa allelochemicals inhibited photosynthesis, oxidative stress and antioxidant system stress response in the biofilms of V. natans leaves. Multifractal analysis found that the surface topography of V. natans leaves was altered due to the allelochemicals found in M. aeruginosa. Microbial diversity on the leaves was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and the results showed that M. aeruginosa exudates had a stronger effects on the microbial community structure of biofilms compared to extracts. These findings highlight how cyanobacterial allelochemicals induce negative effects on submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Center for Ecological Research (CER), Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Wang N, Wang C. Effects of microcystin-LR on the tissue growth and physiological responses of the aquatic plant Iris pseudacorus L. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:197-205. [PMID: 29775927 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of cyanobacterial toxins during algal bloom has adverse effects on aquatic plants and animals. This study aimed to understand the toxic effects and mechanism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on the seedling growth and physiological responses of Iris pseudacorus L. (calamus). After a one-month exposure experiment, the growth and development of the calamus leaves were significantly inhibited, and this inhibitory effect was verified to be concentration dependent. Furthermore, the cell membrane system was damaged, and the photosynthesis was also adversely affected by MC-LR. The relative conductivity of the leaves increased from 10.96% to 97.51%, and the total chlorophyll content decreased from 0.89 mg/g to 0.09 mg/g. Notably, the behavior of the roots in the presence of MC-LR was different from that of the leaves. The seedlings needed to absorb more nutrients to maintain the normal growth at low-toxin concentrations, but the high concentration of (over 250 μg/L) MC-LR exceeded the tolerance of plants and inhibited the growth of roots. In addition, MC-LR led to an excessive accumulation of H2O2, and the seedlings enhanced the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase to resist oxidative stress. The presence of MC-LR also affected the capacity of the plants to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus. The removal efficiency of NO3--N, the main source of nitrogen, was 63.53% in the presence of 100 μg/L MC-LR. As a result, the pH increased, and the growth of plants was indirectly inhibited. Therefore, the presence of MC-LR could affect the purification efficiency of calamus in eutrophic water. This study provides theoretical support for the selection of plants in the eutrophic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Wang L, Chen C, Liu W, Xia H, Li J, Zhang X. Effects of toxic cyanobacteria and ammonia on flesh quality of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1200-1206. [PMID: 27311719 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic cyanobacterial blooms result in the production of an organic biomass containing cyanotoxins (e.g. microcystins) and an elevated ammonia concentration in the water environment. The ingestion of toxic cyanobacteria and exposure to ammonia are grave hazards for fish. The present study assessed the effects of dietary toxic cyanobacteria and ammonia exposure on the flesh quality of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). RESULTS Dietary toxic cyanobacteria and ammonia exposure had no impact on fish growth performance, fillet proximate composition and drip loss, whereas it significantly decreased fillet total amino acids, total essential amino acids, hardness and gumminess, and increased fillet ultimate pH as well as malondialdehyde content. However, there was no significant interaction between dietary toxic cyanobacteria and ammonia exposure on these parameters. Additionally, dietary toxic cyanobacteria significantly increased fillet initial pH, thaw loss and protein carbonyl content, whereas ammonia exposure did not. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that dietary toxic cyanobacteria and ammonia exposure reduced the quality of blunt snout bream fillet. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanyue Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Gao J, Li L, Hu Z, Zhu S, Zhang R, Xiong Z. Ammonia stress on the carbon metabolism of Ceratophyllum demersum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:843-849. [PMID: 25641419 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, carefully controlled pH ranges (7 and 9) were used to distinguish between the effects of un-ionized NH3 and the NH4 (+) ion. The objective was to find the effect of different total ammonia nitrogen concentrations and pH values on the carbon metabolism of Ceratophyllum demersum. The authors investigated the effects of ammonia on the nonstructural carbohydrate content in shoots of C. demersum. Ammonia treatment decreased the contents of nonstructural carbohydrate, soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, and starch in leaves. Meanwhile, increasing the pH value exacerbated the decline of the C. demersum nonstructural carbohydrate content. In addition, the activity of invertase was increased during the experiment. These results suggest that ammonia severely inhibits plant growth by disturbing nonstructural carbohydrate content. It has been suggested that ammonia has toxic effects on C. demersum and that the higher the pH in water, the more obvious the physiological responses that C. demersum exhibits. The results of the present study can provide some reference for studying the living conditions of submersed macrophytes under the stress of NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqing Gao
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhu X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhu C, Yang Z. Offspring performance of Daphnia magna after short-term maternal exposure to mixtures of microcystin and ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2800-2807. [PMID: 25212812 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During degradation of cyanobacterial blooms, some derived pollutants are released to the waters and last for a while before returning to normal levels. To assess whether the offspring of exposed Daphnia was affected by their maternal experience, we exposed mother Daphnia magna to mixtures of unionized ammonia (0, 0.30, and 0.48 mg L(-1)) and microcystin-LR (0, 10, 30, and 100 μg L(-1)) for 10 days and then immediately moved their offspring to a toxicant-free environment. The offspring were cultured for 21 days to record their survival, development, and reproduction. Results showed that the survival of the offspring of D. magna that experienced high doses of mixed toxicants decreased significantly, but there was no significant difference in development among the survivors of the offspring from different maternal treatments. However, reproductive performances significantly differed among the offspring from different maternal treatments, indicating that there existed a maternal effect in the offspring of D. magna that experienced high levels of mixed toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Does microcystin disrupt the induced effect of Daphnia kairomone on colony formation in Scenedesmus? BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sun H, Wang W, Li J, Yang Z. Growth, oxidative stress responses, and gene transcription of juvenile bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) under chronic-term exposure of ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1726-1731. [PMID: 24839064 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity has become a universal problem for aquatic animals, especially fish. The purpose of the present study was to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia to the juvenile bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The authors measured the responses of growth performance (specific growth rate, condition factor, body weight, and body length), oxidative stress, and related gene transcription of juvenile bighead carp exposed to solutions with different concentrations of un-ionized ammonia (UIA; 0 mg L(-1) , 0.053 mg L(-1) , 0.106 mg L(-1) , 0.159 mg L(-1) , and 0.212 mg L(-1) ). The results showed that UIA had no effect on growth performance, glutathione content, or glutathione S-transferase gene transcription, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated. In addition, different concentrations of UIA produced different degrees of damage to juvenile bighead carp: compared with control, lower UIA levels significantly decreased gene transcription of catalase (CAT) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; higher UIA concentration (0.212 mg L(-1) ) significantly increased gene transcription of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD and reduced MDA levels. The data clearly demonstrate that chronic exposure of UIA at lower concentrations can result in some degree of impairment of antioxidative function, and chronic exposure at higher concentrations can enhance damage to juvenile bighead carp by modulating antioxidant enzyme activities and gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Sun H, Wang W, Geng L, Chen Y, Yang Z. In situ studies on growth, oxidative stress responses, and gene expression of juvenile bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) to eutrophic lake water dominated by cyanobacterial blooms. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:421-427. [PMID: 23769464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have received increasing attention as a public biohazard for human and animal health. To assess the effect of cyanobacteria-dominant lake water on juvenile fish, we measured the responses of specific growth rate, condition factor, body weight and body length, oxidative stress, and related gene expression of juvenile bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis exposed to in situ eutrophic lake (Chl a was around 7.0μgL(-1)). Results showed in situ cyanobacteria-dominant lake water had no effect on the growth performance, but significantly elevated the contents of malondialdehyde, the expression of heat shock protein 70, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, indicating that oxidative stress occurred. Meanwhile in situ lake water significantly decreased the expression of catalase and glutathione S-transferase genes. We conclude that in situ cyanobacteria-dominated lake water was harmful to juvenile bighead carp based on the oxidative stress and changes in the related gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Lyu K, Cao H, Chen R, Wang Q, Yang Z. Combined effects of hypoxia and ammonia to Daphnia similis estimated with life-history traits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5379-5387. [PMID: 23417362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of cyanobacterial blooms often causes hypoxia and elevated concentrations of ammonia, which can aggravate the adverse effects of blooms on aquatic organisms. However, it is not clear how one stressor would work in the presence of other coexistent stressors. We studied the toxic effects of elevated ammonia under hypoxia using a common yet important cladoceran species Daphnia similis isolated from heavily eutrophicated Lake Taihu. A 3 × 2 factorial experimental design was conducted with animals exposed to three un-ionized ammonia levels under two dissolved oxygen levels. Experiments lasted for 14 days and we recorded the life-history traits such as survival, molt, maturation, and fecundity. Results showed that hypoxia significantly decreased survival time and the number of molts of D. similis, whereas ammonia had no effect on them. Elevated ammonia significantly delayed development to maturity in tested animals and decreased their body sizes at maturity. Both ammonia and hypoxia were significantly detrimental to the number of broods, the number of offspring per female, and the number of total offspring per female, and significantly synergistic interactions were detected. Our data clearly demonstrate that elevated ammonia and hypoxia derived from cyanobacterial blooms synergistically affect the cladoceran D. similis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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