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Jamshidi S, Dehnavi A, Roudbari MV, Yazdani M. An integrated approach through controlled experiment and LCIA to evaluate water quality and ecological impacts of irrigated paddy rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45264-45279. [PMID: 38963628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study used an integrated approach to mainly assess the water quality of paddy field during cultivation and quantify its equivalent ecological damages. Accordingly, an isolated pilot area with 0.6 ha and subsurface drainage pipes was prepared for flow measurement and multiple pollutant examination (DO, EC, pH, COD, TKN, TN, TP, NO3, butachlor) under controlled condition during 94 days of rice cultivation. Based on life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) database, the indices of ReCiPe (2016) were used to convert the examined nutrient and herbicide pollution. Results showed that TKN and TP were significant pollutants and reached the maximum concentrations of 7.2 and 4.9 mg/L in pilot outflow, respectively. Here, their average discharged loads were 56.2 gN/day and 45.3 gP/day. These loads equal leaching 8.5% and 9.4% of applied urea and phosphate fertilizers, respectively. The nutrient export coefficients were 8.4 kgN/ha and 6.8 kgP/ha. Nevertheless, the majority of this pollution was transferred by inflow. The net export coefficients were 0.3 kgN/ha and 2.6 kgP/ha while net leaching rates were 0.3%TN and 3.3%TP. The trend of combined ecological damages also showed that the 11-17th day of cultivation imposed the highest ecological risks. The state-of-the-art index of ecological footprint per food production estimates the equivalent ratio of lost lives by impaired ecosystem against lives saved from starvation. This index showed that 7% of the potential of produced paddy rice in this area for saving lives would be spoiled by releasing pollution to the terrestrial ecosystem in the long term. Yet, it can be enhanced as a matter of direct discharge to the freshwater. Therefore, using suitable agricultural operations or improving farm management practices for pollution abatement or assimilation potential is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Jamshidi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Dehnavi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maziyar Vaez Roudbari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Mohamadreza Yazdani
- Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Guilan, Iran
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Wang W, Man Y, Xie J, Zhang Z, Wang P, Liu X. Occurrence and risk assessment of three chloroamide herbicides in water and soil environment in northeastern, eastern and southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115104. [PMID: 36565672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloroamide herbicides can cause adverse effects on nontarget organisms, but there is limited information about their occurrence in the environment of major cropland growing regions. In this study, a total of 1012 soil samples, 617 surface water samples and 737 groundwater samples were collected from 2020 to 2021 in three regions of China to evaluate the occurrence and risk of three important chloroamide herbicides alachlor, acetochlor and butachlor using the improved QuEChERS extraction method and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that residues of the three chloroamide compounds in surface water and groundwater ranged from 0.1 to 176.0 μg L-1, of which acetochlor was frequently detected from surface water (17.5%). As for the soil, mass fraction was varied between 1.0 and 1540.3 μg kg-1, similarly acetochlor had the highest detection frequency (49.6%). Timewise, the median mass fraction of selected chloroamide herbicides in soil in 2021 (7.8 μg kg-1) was significantly lower than that in 2020 (10.9 μg kg-1). Spatially, there were regional differences in the content of environmental residues, and the overall level of residues in the northeast was relatively high. The environmental risk assessment based on the improved Risk Quotient (RQ) method indicated that the selected herbicides were currently within an acceptable range for human health risks in the soil and water environment in various regions, but acetochlor and butachlor had contributed to the RQ values of fish and earthworms (0.01<RQ<0.1) in recent years, respectively, which might pose a certain risk of oral exposure to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This study provides valuable data and ideas for the rational application, pollution control and environmental safety evaluation of chloroamide herbicides in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanli Man
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Shuman-Goodier ME, Singleton GR, Forsman AM, Hines S, Christodoulides N, Daniels KD, Propper CR. Developmental assays using invasive cane toads, Rhinella marina, reveal safety concerns of a common formulation of the rice herbicide, butachlor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115955. [PMID: 33221087 PMCID: PMC7878340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the adverse impacts of pesticide exposure is essential to guide regulations that are protective of wildlife and human health. Within rice ecosystems, amphibians are valuable indicators because pesticide applications coincide with sensitive reproductive and developmental life stages. We conducted two experiments using wild cane toads (Rhinella marina) to test 1) whether environmentally relevant exposure to a commercial formulation of butachlor, an acetanilide herbicide used extensively in rice, affects amphibian development and 2) whether cane toad tadpoles are capable of acclimatizing to sub-lethal exposure. First, we exposed wild cane toads to 0.002, 0.02, or 0.2 mg/L of butachlor (Machete EC), during distinct development stages (as eggs and hatchlings, as tadpoles, or continuously) for 12 days. Next, we exposed a subset of animals from the first experiment to a second, lethal concentration and examined survivorship. We found that cane toads exposed to butachlor developed slower and weighed less than controls, and that development of the thyroid gland was affected: exposed individuals had smaller thyroid glands and thyrocyte cells, and more individual follicles. Analyses of the transcriptome revealed that butachlor exposure resulted in downregulation of transcripts related to metabolic processes, anatomic structure development, immune system function, and response to stress. Last, we observed evidence of acclimatization, where animals exposed to butachlor early in life performed better than naïve animals during a second exposure. Our findings indicate that the commercial formulation of butachlor, Machete EC, causes thyroid endocrine disruption in vertebrates, and suggest that exposure in lowland irrigated rice fields presents a concern for wildlife and human health. Furthermore, we establish that developmental assays with cane toads can be used to screen for adverse effects of pesticides in rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Shuman-Goodier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA; International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.
| | - Grant R Singleton
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines; Natural Resource Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Anna M Forsman
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2368, USA; Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2368, USA
| | - Shyann Hines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Daniels
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Catherine R Propper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
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Kondo K, Wakasone Y, Okuno J, Nakamura N, Muraoka T, Iijima K, Ohyama K. Performance evaluation of lysimeter experiments for simulating pesticide dissipation in paddy fields. Part 1: Submerged application of granular pesticides. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2019; 44:48-60. [PMID: 30820173 PMCID: PMC6389839 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-year comprehensive experiments were conducted to compare the dissipation patterns of a total of 16 pesticides, including 3 metabolites, as granular formulations applied in lysimeters and paddy fields with two soil types. Analytical concentrations of the target pesticides in paddy water were analyzed using a granular kinetic model consisting of the following parameters: release rate, decrease rate, and dissolved concentration. Results of parameter grouping analyses of the kinetic models showed that 56% of data reproducibility (entire grouping) was obtained between replicates for the lysimeters. In comparisons between the lysimeters and paddy fields, 48% of decrease rates and 34% of release rates were grouped, although significant differences were observed with a nearly 90% difference for dissolved concentrations. These differences might be attributed to the hydrological components such as water management and meteorological covariates in paddy fields, the daily percolation in lysimeters and the adsorption-desorption kinetics between paddy water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kondo
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303–0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Wakasone
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303–0043, Japan
| | - Junichi Okuno
- Japan Association for Advancement of Phyto-Regulators, 860 Kashiwada-Cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300–1211, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Japan Association for Advancement of Phyto-Regulators, 860 Kashiwada-Cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300–1211, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Muraoka
- Japan Association for Advancement of Phyto-Regulators, 860 Kashiwada-Cho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki 300–1211, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Iijima
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303–0043, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Ohyama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303–0043, Japan
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Yu Q, Zhang P, He Y, Xu Z, He X, Hu Y, Zhang H, He L. Dissipation Dynamics and Residue of Four Herbicides in Paddy Fields Using HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020236. [PMID: 30650669 PMCID: PMC6352214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dissipation dynamics and residue of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, bensulfuron-methyl, acetochlor, and butachlor in paddy fields at Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) condition were carefully investigated in this study. The four herbicides’ residues were determined based on a quick, easy, cheap, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS. The limit of detection (LOD) for pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, bensulfuron-methyl, acetochlor, and butachlor in all matrices ranged from 0.04–1.0 ng. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the four herbicides ranged from 0.01–0.1 mg/kg. Moreover, the average recoveries of the four herbicides ranged from 78.9–108% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 15% at three different fortified levels for different matrices. The dissipation results indicated that the average half-lives (t1/2) of the four herbicides in soil were in the range of 3.5–17.8 days, and more than 95% of the four herbicides dissipated within 5 days in water. Furthermore, the final residues of the four herbicides were all below the LOQ at harvest time. Such results highlight the dissipation dynamics and residue of the four herbicides in a rice cropping system and contribute to risk assessment as well as scientific guidance on the proper and safe application of herbicides in paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuhan He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiulong He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Ok J, Pisith S, Watanabe H, Thuyet DQ, Boulange J, Takagi K. Effect of rice husk gasification residue application on herbicide behavior in micro paddy lysimeter. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:791-795. [PMID: 25763539 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of rice husk gasification residues (RHGR) application on the fate of herbicides, butachlor and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, in paddy water were investigated using micro paddy lysimeters (MPLs). The dissipation of both herbicides in paddy water was faster in the RHGR treated MPL than in the control MPL. The average concentrations of butachlor and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in paddy water in the lysimeter treated with RHGR during 21 days were significantly reduced by 51% and 48%, respectively, as compared to those in the lysimeter without RHGR application. The half-lives (DT50) of butachlor in paddy water for control and treatment were 3.1 and 2.3 days respectively, and these values of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl were 3.0 and 2.2 days, respectively. Based on this study, RHGR application in rice paddy environment is an alternative method to reduce the concentration of herbicide in paddy field water and consequently to reduce potential pollution to aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghun Ok
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 565-851, Republic of Korea
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