1
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McMaken CM, Gribble KE. A free and user-friendly software protocol for the quantification of microfauna swimming behavior. Biotechniques 2024; 76:174-182. [PMID: 38425192 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterizing swimming behavior can provide a holistic assessment of the health, physiology and ecology of microfaunal species when done in conjunction with measuring other biological parameters. However, tracking and quantifying microfauna swimming behavior using existing automated tools is often difficult due to the animals' small size or transparency, or because of the high cost, expertise, or labor needed for the analysis. To address these issues, we created a cost-effective, user-friendly protocol for behavior analysis that employs the free software packages HitFilm and ToxTrac along with the R package 'trajr' and used the method to quantify the behavior of rotifers. This protocol can be used for other microfaunal species for which investigators may face similar issues in obtaining measurements of swimming behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M McMaken
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology & Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Kristin E Gribble
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology & Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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2
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Tunca H, Doğru A, Köçkar F, Kiliç HE, Sevindik TO. Oxidative stress in Arthrospira platensis by two organophosphate pesticides. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20200463. [PMID: 37729300 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that organophosphate insecticides are harmfull to aquatic ecosystems, oxidative damages caused by Dimethoate and Chlorpyrifos are not studied on Arthrospira platensis Gomont. In this study, various Chlorpyrifos (0-150 µg mL-1) and Dimethoate (0-250 µg mL-1) concentrations were added to the culture medium in laboratory to evaulate growth rate, chlorophyll-a content and antioxidant parameters of A. platensis. Optical Density (OD560) and chlorophyll-a decreased compared to the control for seven days in both pesticide applications. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 50 µg mL-1 Chlorpyrifos concentration but it decreased at all concentrations. Although Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased with Chlorpyrifos application, they did not change with Dimethoate application. Malondialdehyde (MDA) amount decreased at 150 µg mL-1 Chlorpyrifos concentration but it increased in Dimethoate application. The H2O2 content were increased in both applications. Proline decreased in 50 and 75 µg mL-1 Chlorpyrifos concentrations and increased at 150 µg mL-1 concentration, while it increased at 25 µg mL-1 Dimethoate concentration. The results were tested at 0.05 significance level. These pesticides inhibit A. platensis growth and chlorophyll-a production and cause oxidative stress. The excessive use may affect the phytoplankton and have negative consequences in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tunca
- Sakarya University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Esentepe Campus, Serdivan, 54187, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Ali Doğru
- Sakarya University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Esentepe Campus, Serdivan, 54187, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Feray Köçkar
- Balıkesir University, Arts and Science Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Cagil Campus, 10145, Balıkesir, Turkiye
| | - Hediye E Kiliç
- Sakarya University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Esentepe Campus, Serdivan, 54187, Sakarya, Turkiye
| | - Tuğba O Sevindik
- Sakarya University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Esentepe Campus, Serdivan, 54187, Sakarya, Turkiye
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3
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Rodrigo MA, Puche E, Carabal N, Armenta S, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Jiménez J, Juan F. Two constructed wetlands within a Mediterranean natural park immersed in an agrolandscape reduce most heavy metal water concentrations and dampen the majority of pesticide presence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79478-79496. [PMID: 35710973 PMCID: PMC9587099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The water concentrations of 12 heavy and other metals/metalloids were analyzed seasonally along two horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) (Tancat Mília-TM and Tancat l'Illa-TLI) located within the Mediterranean Albufera de València Natural Park during 2020-2021. A wide-scope screening of pesticides present in waters was also performed. The two CWs were created to improve water quality and increase biodiversity. They currently receive effluent waters from two different tertiary-treatment wastewater plants, and the water flows along the CWs before being discharged into the main lagoon and a smaller lagoon in TM and TLI, respectively. TLI manages to reduce (Mn) or maintain the concentration of most of the studied elements (Zn, Ni, Hg, Cr, Fe Cd, Cu) at the same level as outside (67%). Only Al, Pb, B, and As remain at a higher concentration. TM also reduces Zn and Cu and keeps the concentration of Cr, Cd, and Hg (representing 42%). Al, Pb, B, and As remain at higher concentrations, as in TLI, but Ni, Fe, and Mn are also at higher concentrations. Although both CWs vary in their ability to remove elements, no risks to human health or the environment have been detected due to the low metal concentration in their outlets, all of them (except Hg) below the legal limits for environmental quality in the European Union. With the detection of 71 compounds in water in each CW area (26 herbicides, 26 insecticides, and 19 fungicides in TLI, and 29 herbicides, 23 insecticides, and 19 fungicides in TM), we also provide evidence of the impact of pesticides, which depends on the application method (helicopter, tractor), originated from areas with high agricultural pressure (chiefly rice crops) on systems (mainly TM) created to preserve biodiversity. Nevertheless, both systems provide crucial environmental services in water quality in this agrolandscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Rodrigo
- Integrative Ecology Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
| | - Eric Puche
- Integrative Ecology Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Nuria Carabal
- Integrative Ecology Group, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Sergio Armenta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Javier Jiménez
- Hidraqua Gestión Integral de Aguas de Levante, S.A. Carrer de Sant Sebastià, 12 Alfafar, 46910, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Juan
- Aguas de Las Cuencas Mediterráneas, S.A. (ACUAMED), Pasaje Doctor Serra 2, 3º planta, 46004, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Bownik A, Adamczuk M, Pawlik-Skowrońska B. Behavioral disturbances induced by cyanobacterial oligopeptides microginin-FR1, anabaenopeptin-A and microcystin-LR are associated with neuromotoric and cytotoxic changes in Brachionus calyciflorus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129472. [PMID: 35785735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals are exposed to various cyanobacterial products released concomitantly to the environment by decaying blooms. Although there exist results on the toxicity of cyanobacterial extracts little is known on the influence of pure oligopeptides or their mixtures and elucidated mechanisms of behavioral toxicity in zooplanktonic organisms. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of single and mixed pure cyanobacterial oligopeptides: microginin FR-1 (MG-FR1), anabaenopeptin-A (ANA-A) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at various concentrations on the swimming behavior and catecholamine neurotransmitter activity, muscular F-actin structure, DNA nuclear content and cell viability of a model rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Swimming behavior was analyzed with the use of video digital analysis. Fluorescent microscopy imaging was used to analyze neuromotoric biomarkers in the whole organisms: neuromediator release (by staining with EC517 probe), muscle F-actin filaments (by staining with blue phalloidin dye). DNA content and cytotoxicity was also determined by Hoechst 34580 and propidium iodide double staining, respectively. The results showed that single oligopeptides inhibited all the tested endpoints. The binary mixtures induced synergistic interaction on swimming speed except for MG-FR1 +MC-LR which was nearly additive. Both binary and ternary mixtures also synergistically degraded F-actin and triggered cytotoxic effects visible in the whole organisms. Antagonistic inhibitory effects of all the binary mixtures were found on catecholamine neurotransmitter activity, however the ternary mixture induced additive toxicity. Antagonistic effects of both binary and ternary mixtures were also noted on nuclear DNA content. The results of the study suggest that both depression of neurotransmission and impairment of muscle F-actin structure in muscles may contribute to mechanisms of Brachionus swimming speed inhibition by the tested single cyanobacterial oligopeptides and their mixtures. The study also showed that natural exposure of rotifers to mixtures of these cyanobacterial metabolites may result in different level of interactive toxicity with antagonistic, additive synergistic effects depending on the variants and concentrations present in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Adamczuk
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
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5
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Laicher D, Benkendorff K, White S, Conrad S, Woodrow RL, Butcherine P, Sanders CJ. Pesticide occurrence in an agriculturally intensive and ecologically important coastal aquatic system in Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113675. [PMID: 35642798 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal agricultural practices are often located in catchments upstream of ecologically important aquatic systems. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pesticides in a coastal creek flowing into a habitat-protected area within the Solitary Islands Marine Park, Australia. Water samples were collected from six sites along a creek transect during three sampling periods. Samples were analysed for 171 pesticide analytes, including organochlorines, organophosphates, herbicides, and fungicides. Five insecticides, two herbicides, and two fungicides were detected. The neonicotinoid imidacloprid was detected at 5 out of 6 sites, with concentrations reaching 294 μg L-1, the highest yet detected in Australian waterways. The organophosphate insecticide dimethoate was detected at 4 sites, which occurred at the 2nd highest detected concentration in the study (12.8 μg L-1). The presence of these pesticides in the aquatic environment downstream of horticulture in this and other regions may have serious implications for stream biota and ecologically important marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Laicher
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane White
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Conrad
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Woodrow
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Butcherine
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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6
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Towards a food web based control strategy to mitigate an amphibian panzootic in agricultural landscapes. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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7
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Cartlidge R, Wlodkowic D. Caging of planktonic rotifers in microfluidic environment for sub-lethal aquatic toxicity tests. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:044111. [PMID: 30123401 PMCID: PMC6076045 DOI: 10.1063/1.5042779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of neuro-behavioural responses of intact small model organisms has been proposed as a sensitive, sub-lethal alternative to conventional toxicity testing. Such bioassays are characterized by a high physiological and ecological relevance, short response times, increased sensitivity, and non-invasive nature. Despite a significant potential for predictive aquatic toxicology analysis of behavioural traits of micro-invertebrates in microfluidic environment has received little attention. In this work, we demonstrate a new Lab-on-a-Chip technology capable of effectively caging freshwater rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus for real-time video-microscopy analysis. We demonstrate that behavioural bioassays performed under microfluidic perfusion can significantly enhance the sensitivity of conventional ecotoxicology test protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: , Telephone: +61 3 992 57157, Fax: +61 3 992 57110. Also at: The Phenomics Laboratory School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia. URL: http://www.rmit.edu.au/staff/donald-wlodkowic
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8
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Zheng L, Pan L, Lin P, Miao J, Wang X, Lin Y, Wu J. Evaluating the toxic effects of three priority hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) to rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27277-27287. [PMID: 28965194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) spill in the marine environment is an issue of growing concern, and it will mostly continue to do so in the future owing to the increase of high chemical traffic. Nevertheless, the effects of HNS spill on marine environment, especially on aquatic organisms are unclear. Consequently, it is emergent to provide valuable information for the toxicities to marine biota caused by HNS spill. Accordingly, the acute toxicity of three preferential HNS and sub-lethal effects of acrylonitrile on Brachionus plicatilis were evaluated. The median lethal concentration (LC50) at 24 h were 47.2 mg acrylonitrile L-1, 276.9 mg styrene L-1, and 488.3 mg p-xylene L-1, respectively. Sub-lethal toxicity effects of acrylonitrile on feeding behavior, development, and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that rates of filtration and ingestion were significantly reduced at 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg L-1 of acrylonitrile. Additionally, reproductive period, fecundity, and life span were significantly decreased at high acrylonitrile concentrations. Conversely, juvenile period was significantly increased at the highest two doses and no effects were observed on embryonic development and post-reproductive period. Meanwhile, we found that ingestion rate decline could be a good predictor of reproduction toxicity in B. plicatilis and ecologically relevant endpoint for toxicity assessment. These data will be useful to assess and deal with marine HNS spillages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiufen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
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9
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Yan Z, Yan K, He X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lopez Torres O, Guo R, Chen J. The impact assessment of anticancer drug imatinib on the feeding behavior of rotifers with an integrated perspective: Exposure, post-exposure and re-exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:423-430. [PMID: 28710991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer drugs are getting increasing attention as an emerging contaminant in the aquatic environments. In the present study, feeding behavior of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus under the impact of anticancer drug imatinib was evaluated. Traditional toxicological studies usually focus on dose-effect relationship at a given exposure time, while ignore the possible impact after the exposure. Thus, how the impact varied in the post-exposure and re-exposure was also considered in the present study. The feeding depression of the rotifers was attributed to the increased concentration of imatinib. Although the filtration and ingestion rate of the rotifers recovered to a certain extent after the exposure, the significant feeding inhibition still persisted even if the exposure was ended. In the re-exposure period, the feeding behavior was less depressed than those of the exposure period, which implied that rotifers might develop a tolerance to the same toxics. The activities of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rotifers were also detected. Imatinib inhibited the activities of AchE in the exposure and re-exposure while ROS levels increased significantly in the re-exposure period. Our present study provided an integrated assessment the potential environmental risks of imatinib at a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xingliang He
- Nanjing Police Dog Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Oscar Lopez Torres
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China.
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10
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Estévez-Calvar N, Canesi L, Montagna M, Faimali M, Piazza V, Garaventa F. Adverse effects of the SSRI antidepressant sertraline on early life stages of marine invertebrates. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:88-97. [PMID: 27255123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Widespread contamination of coastal environments by emerging compounds includes low concentrations of pharmaceuticals. These pollutants are not currently incorporated in monitoring programs despite their effects on non-target organisms are very little documented. Among the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, sertraline (SRT) is one of the most prescribed globally. In this work, earlier life stages of Amphibalanus amphitrite, Brachionus plicatilis and Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to environmental concentrations of SRT in order to study both sub-lethal and lethal responses in 24/48 h-tests. Low concentrations of SRT altered significantly swimming behavior in A. amphitrite and B. plicatilis giving 48 h-EC50 (μg/L) of 113.88 and 282.23, respectively whereas higher values were observed for mortality and immobilization. EC50 embryotoxicity with M. galloprovincialis was 206.80 μg/L. This work add new data about SRT ecotoxicity on marine invertebrates and confirms the applicability of behavioral endpoints to evaluate the environmental impact of antidepressants in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Estévez-Calvar
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAR-CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAR-CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAR-CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAR-CNR), Arsenale Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, Italy
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11
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Faimali M, Gambardella C, Costa E, Piazza V, Morgana S, Estévez-Calvar N, Garaventa F. Old model organisms and new behavioral end-points: Swimming alteration as an ecotoxicological response. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:36-45. [PMID: 27194191 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral responses of aquatic organisms have received much less attention than developmental or reproductive ones due to the scarce presence of user-friendly tools for their acquisition. The technological development of data acquisition systems for quantifying behavior in the aquatic environment and the increase of studies on the understanding the relationship between the behavior of aquatic organisms and the physiological/ecological activities have generated renewed interest in using behavioral responses also in marine ecotoxicology. Recent reviews on freshwater environment show that behavioral end-points are comparatively fast and sensitive, and warrant further attention as tools for assessing the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants. In this mini-review, we perform a systematic analysis of the most recent works that have used marine invertebrate swimming alteration as behavioral end-point in ecotoxicological studies by assessing the differences between behavioral and acute responses in a wide range of species, in order to compare their sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Faimali
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Costa
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgana
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Noelia Estévez-Calvar
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
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12
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Augusiak J, Van den Brink PJ. The influence of insecticide exposure and environmental stimuli on the movement behaviour and dispersal of a freshwater isopod. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1338-1352. [PMID: 27307165 PMCID: PMC4961728 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Behaviour links physiological function with ecological processes and can be very sensitive towards environmental stimuli and chemical exposure. As such, behavioural indicators of toxicity are well suited for assessing impacts of pesticides at sublethal concentrations found in the environment. Recent developments in video-tracking technologies offer the possibility of quantifying behavioural patterns, particularly locomotion, which in general has not been studied and understood very well for aquatic macroinvertebrates to date. In this study, we aim to determine the potential effects of exposure to two neurotoxic pesticides with different modes of action at different concentrations (chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid) on the locomotion behaviour of the water louse Asellus aquaticus. We compare the effects of the different exposure regimes on the behaviour of Asellus with the effects that the presence of food and shelter exhibit to estimate the ecological relevance of behavioural changes. We found that sublethal pesticide exposure reduced dispersal distances compared to controls, whereby exposure to chlorpyrifos affected not only animal activity but also step lengths while imidacloprid only slightly affected step lengths. The presence of natural cues such as food or shelter induced only minor changes in behaviour, which hardly translated to changes in dispersal potential. These findings illustrate that behaviour can serve as a sensitive endpoint in toxicity assessments. However, under natural conditions, depending on the exposure concentration, the actual impacts might be outweighed by environmental conditions that an organism is subjected to. It is, therefore, of importance that the assessment of toxicity on behaviour is done under relevant environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Augusiak
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Van Scoy A, Pennell A, Zhang X. Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Dimethoate. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 237:53-70. [PMID: 26613988 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide dimethoate, an organophosphate, was first introduced in 1962 for broad spectrum control of a wide range of insects including mites, flies, aphids, and plant hoppers. It inhibits AChE activity, resulting in nerve damage, which may lead to death. It is considered highly toxic to insects although dimethoate resistance has been observed. Dimethoate has both a low vapor pressure (0.247 mPa) and Henry's law constant (l.42x10(-6) Pa m3/mol), thus volatilization is not a major route of dissipation from either water or moist soils. Photolysis is considered a minor dissipation pathway. However, studies have shown that in the presence of a catalyst, the rate of photolysis does increase. The insecticide has high water solubility (39,800 mg/L) and under alkaline conditions, hydrolysis predominates representing a major degradation pathway. It has a low soil sorption capacity (Koc=20) which varies by soil type and organic matter content. Dimethoate is degraded by microbes under anaerobic conditions and bacterial species have been identified that are capable of using dimethoate as a carbon source. Although many intermediate by-products have been identified by abiotic and biotic processes, the major degradation product is omethoate. Dimethoate has been found to adversely impact many organisms. In plants, photosynthesis and growth are highly impacted, whereas birds exhibit inhibition in brain enzyme activity, thus sublethal effects are apparent. Furthermore, aquatic organisms are expected to be highly impacted via direct exposure, often displaying changes in swimming behavior. Toxicity results include inhibition in growth and more importantly, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Van Scoy
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA, 95812, USA.
| | - Ashley Pennell
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA, 95812, USA
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA, 95812, USA
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Kim BM, Lee JW, Seo JS, Shin KH, Rhee JS, Lee JS. Modulated expression and enzymatic activity of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in response to environmental biocides. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:470-478. [PMID: 25260044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes whose expression levels are often used as biomarkers for oxidative stress. To investigate the biomarker potential of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus SOD genes, the full-length Cu/Zn-SOD (Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD) and Mn-SOD (Bk-Mn-SOD) genes were cloned from genomic DNA and characterized. All amino acid residues involved in the formation of tertiary structure and metal binding in Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD and Bk-Mn-SOD were highly conserved across species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bk-Mn-SOD, in particular, was closely clustered with mitochondrial Mn-SOD. Transcript analysis after exposure to six different biocides (alachlor, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, endosulfan, lindane, and molinate) revealed that the transcriptional level of Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the level of Bk-Mn-SOD transcript was significantly increased compared with control cells in response to chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and molinate at their no observed effect concentrations (NOECs). However, exposure to alachlor, chlorpyrifos, and molinate significantly reduced the enzymatic activity of total SOD protein, while a decreased pattern was observed in all biocide treatments. Taken together, these results indicate that exposure to waterborne environmental biocides induces the transcription of Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD and Bk-Mn-SOD, but inhibits the enzymatic activity of Bk-SODs. These results contribute to our understanding of the modes of action of oxidative stress-mediating biocides on rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jin Wuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Pathology Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-902, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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Nitayapat N, Chitprasert P. Characterisation of FOGs in grease trap waste from the processing of chickens in Thailand. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:1012-1017. [PMID: 24095036 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Industrial firms that kill and process chickens generate wastewater that contains fat, oil, and grease (FOG). The FOGs are located in the fatty waste that is collected by floatation in grease traps. Chemical and physical characterisation of FOGs would provide useful information that would help in the development of methods designed to decrease the extent of pollution caused by disposal of the waste and to utilise commercially some of its lipid constituents. Employing these methods would enhance the profitability and competitive potential of these commercial organisations. Samples of grease trap waste from 14 firms in central Thailand have been examined. Due to the very different schemes of waste management employed by these firms, the physical appearance of their fatty wastes showed considerable variation. The chemical and physical properties of the FOGs present in these wastes showed considerable variation also. Large amounts of free fatty acids (10-70% as oleic acid) were detected in most of the 14 wastes and palmitic, cis-9-oleic, cis,cis-9,12-linoleic, stearic, and palmitoleic acids were the predominant species of free and esterified acids. Most of the FOGs were solid at temperatures below 40 °C. Many of them contained traces of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and some contained traces of the pesticides dimethoate and cypermethrin. The content of these potentially hazardous substances would have to be considered very carefully before discarding the fatty wastes and during the development of methods designed to isolate their potentially profitable lipid constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttakan Nitayapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pakamon Chitprasert
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Ladyao, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavioral responses in identifying sublethal exposures to deltamethrin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3650-60. [PMID: 24699028 PMCID: PMC4024987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110403650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of fish behavioral responses are sensitive indicators to identify accidental chemical pollution. In this research, a series of exposure tests were conducted to investigate behavioral changes of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to deltamethrin (DM) in six concentrations of 0, 0.15, 1.5, 3.75, 7.5 and 15 μg/L. Swimming changes in zebrafish were detected at a concentration as low as 1% of the LC(50-24h) within five hours. Hyperactivity was the first response, followed by a second response of fish surfacing. The change patterns of swimming speed in zebrafish were similar in all exposure groups, but the degree increased with increasing concentrations. Swimming speed and depth were altered within the first two hours after exposure, which was regarded as the most vital phase for water quality monitoring. The duration of hyperactivity and the time of zebrafish surfacing were both logarithmically correlated with exposure concentrations, which was helpful to distinguish the level of pollution.
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