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Tian F, Lu J, Qiao C, Wang C, Pang T, Guo L, Li J, Pang R, Xie H. Dissipation behavior and risk assessment of imidacloprid and its metabolites in apple from field to products. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142309. [PMID: 38735491 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides play vital roles in controlling pests and boosting crop yields. Imidacloprid is widely used all over the world and may form in agricultural products. The presence of pesticide residues in apples raises serious health concerns. Understanding the residual fate of imidacloprid is critical for food safety and human health. In this study, the dissipation behavior, metabolism, household processing and risk assessment of imidacloprid and its metabolites in apple were investigated from filed to products. Field experiment results suggested that the half-lives of imidacloprid at 5 times the recommended dosage was 1.5 times that of the standard dosage. And the final residues of imidacloprid were less than the established maximum residue limits (MRLs). Clarification and simmering had little effect on the reduction the residues of imidacloprid and its metabolites. The calculated processing factors were lower than 1 for imidacloprid and its metabolites, implying that the residual ratios of imidacloprid and its metabolites in each steps of the food processing were reduced. The risk quotients were <1 for all Chinese people, indicating that acceptable risks associated with dietary exposure to imidacloprid in apple. However, the higher risks were observed in young people than adults, and females faced higher risks than males. Given high residue levels in pomace, imidacloprid and its metabolites should be further studied in commercial byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Tian
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453514, China.
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Chengkui Qiao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453514, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453514, China
| | - Jun Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Rongli Pang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453514, China
| | - Hanzhong Xie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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He F, Wan J, Huo C, Li X, Cui Z, Li Y, Liu R, Zong W. New strategies for evaluating imidacloprid-induced biological consequences targeted to Eisenia fetida species and the corresponding mechanisms of its toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119456. [PMID: 37897899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid insecticide, has a wide variety of applications in both agriculture and horticulture. As a result of it massive and repeated use, its traces remained in soil pose severe damage to soil invertebrates, particularly earthworms. Limited information is available regarding the underlying mechanisms of IMI toxicity toward earthworms at the molecular, transcriptional, and cellular levels. Here, Eisenia fetida coelomocytes and key defensive proteins were selected as targeted receptors to explore the toxic mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and antioxidant responses induced by IMI stress and the molecular mechanisms underlying the binding of IMI and superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT). Results showed that IMI exposure destroyed the cell membrane integrity of earthworm cells, causing cell damage and cytotoxicity. The intracellular levels of ROS, including ·O2- and H2O2 were induced by IMI exposure, thereby triggering oxidative stress and damage. Moreover, IMI exposure attenuated the antioxidative stress responses (reduced antioxidant capacity and CAT/SOD activities) and caused deleterious effects (enhanced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation (PCO)) through ROS-mediated oxidative stress pathway. Aberrant gene expression associated with oxidative stress and defense regulation, including CAT, CRT, MT, SOD, GST, and Hsp70 were induced after IMI exposure. Concentration-dependent conformational and structural alterations of CAT/SOD were observed when IMI binding. Also, direct binding of IMI resulted in significant inhibition of CAT/SOD activities in vitro. Molecular simulation showed that IMI preferred to bind to CAT active center through its direct binding with the key residue Tyr 357, while IMI bound more easily to the connecting cavity of two subunits away from SOD active center. In addition, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force are the main driving force of IMI binding with CAT/SOD. These findings have implications for comprehensive evaluation of IMI toxicity to soil eco-safety and offer novel strategies to elucidate the toxic mechanisms and pathways of IMI stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Chengqian Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhihan Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
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Zhuang L, Wu X, Lyu D, Wang M, Zhou R, Song J, Rong Y. Application of pesticide application measures to reduce residue based on the metabolic transfer law of imidacloprid in banana leaves and soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140290. [PMID: 37758084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the metabolism and transfer of imidacloprid (IMI) in banana plants and soil was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results indicated the presence of eight IMI metabolites in soil and leaves that resulted from hydroxylation of the imidazolidine ring, the reduction and loss of nitro groups, and oxidative cleavage of methylene bridges. Six metabolites, including 4/5-hydroxy IMI (4/5-hydroxy), IMI olefin (olefin), and 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA), were detected in the fruits following leaf treatment, while only three were detected after soil treatment. Quantitative analysis showed that the total amount of imidacloprid and its metabolites transferred from leaves to fruits was higher than that transferred from soil to fruits. Therefore, leaf transfer was considered the main means by which IMI and its metabolites transferred to banana fruits. We found that adjuvants tank-mixed with IMI could reduce the total concentration of pesticide transfer from leaves to fruits, especially reducing the amount of metabolites transformed from the reduction and loss of nitro groups and oxidative cleavage of methylene bridges, thus reducing the pesticide residue in fruits and achieving the purpose of reducing the safety risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyun Zhuang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China.
| | - Daizhu Lyu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571100, China.
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China.
| | - Ruohao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571100, China.
| | - Jia Song
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products, Haikou 571100, China.
| | - Yu Rong
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China.
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Tang X, Chen M, Li M, Liu H, Tang H, Yang Y. Do differentially charged nanoplastics affect imidacloprid uptake, translocation, and metabolism in Chinese flowering cabbage? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161918. [PMID: 36736408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics are ubiquitous in the environment. Among the microplastics, imidacloprid (IMI) concentration has been increasing in some intensive agricultural regions, thus receiving increased attention. However, only a few studies have investigated the interaction of nanoplastics (polystyrene (PS)) and IMI in vegetable crops. We studied the effects of positively (PS-NH2) and negatively (PS-COOH) charged nanoplastics on the uptake, translocation, and degradation of IMI in Chinese flowering cabbage grown in Hoagland solution for 28 days. PS-NH2 co-exposure with IMI inhibited plant growth, resulting in decreased plant weight, height, and root length. Translocation of IMI from the roots to the shoots was significantly lower in the presence of PS-NH2, whereas PS-COOH accelerated the accumulation and translocation of IMI in plants, thus potentially affecting IMI metabolism in plants. Notably, IMI-NTG and 5-OH-IMI were the two dominant metabolites. PS-NH2 co-exposure with IMI induced significant oxidation stress and considerably affected the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), indicating that the antioxidant defense system was the main mechanism for reducing oxidative damage. Notably, both positively and negatively charged nanoplastics can accumulate in Chinese flowering cabbage. Plants in the PS-COOH alone treatment group had the highest concentration of nanoplastics in both roots and shoots. The accumulation of nanoplastics, IMI, and its metabolites in plants raises concerns about their combined potential toxicity because it compromises food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan university, Guangzhou 510632, China; College of Geography and Resources, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China.
| | - Manjia Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Muzi Li
- College of Geography and Resources, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Huanping Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan university, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; College of Geography and Resources, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan university, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Dong F, Wu X, Pan X, Xu J, Zheng Y. Trace determination of imidacloprid and its major metabolites in wheat-soil system. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3567-3581. [PMID: 35894251 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Trace analysis method is a reliable basis for studying the translocation and metabolism of imidacloprid used as an insecticide in wheat, and it clarifies whether biologically active metabolites including residual imidacloprid, have long-lasting insecticidal potency against wheat aphids under seed treatment during the entire growth period. In this study, a highly sensitive analytical method was established to determine the residues of imidacloprid and its six metabolites (5-hydroxy imidacloprid, imidacloprid olefin, imidacloprid guanidine, imidacloprid urea, 6-chloronicotinic acid and imidacloprid nitrosimine) in wheat-soil systems, such as in wheat leaves, wheat ears, wheat grains, roots and soil. All the compounds were extracted using an ACN:water (8:2, v/v) mixture and purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction. The average recoveries ranged from 74.4 to 109.5% for all matrices, with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 14.9%. The limit of quantitation was in the range of 0.001 to 0.005 mg/kg. The method is demonstrated to be sensitive and accurate for monitoring imidacloprid and its metabolites at trace levels during the entire growth period under field conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Zhai R, Zhang K, Chen G, Liu G, Huang X, Gao M, Zhou J, Xu X, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jin M, Xu D, Abd El-Aty AM. Residue, Dissipation Pattern, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Imidacloprid in Chinese Chives. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846333. [PMID: 35284432 PMCID: PMC8905493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for Chinese chives is growing as they are also rich in vitamins, fiber, and sulfur nutrients. Chinese chives should be sprayed with imidacloprid to control pests and diseases to safeguard their yield and to meet the demands of East Asian consumers for Chinese chives. Overspraying of imidacloprid can lead to residues in Chinese chives, posing a severe risk to human health. To reduce the harmful effects of imidacloprid residues on humans, we investigated the imidacloprid dissipation pattern and the final residue on Chinese chives using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Good linearity (R2= 0.9988), accuracy (expressed as recovery % of 78.34–91.17%), precision [expressed as relative SDs (RSDs) of 0.48–6.43%], and sensitivity [a limit of quantification (LOQ) ≤ 8.07 × 104 mg/kg] were achieved. The dissipation dynamics were consistent with the first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 2.92 days. The final residual levels on Chinese chives were 0.00923–0.166 mg/kg, which is lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 1 mg/kg for imidacloprid on Chinese chives. A risk assessment index of <1 indicates that Chinese chives are safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqi Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Chen
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Donghui Xu
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Zhang N, Huang L, Zhang Y, Liu L, Sun C, Lin X. Sulfur deficiency exacerbates phytotoxicity and residues of imidacloprid through suppression of thiol-dependent detoxification in lettuce seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118221. [PMID: 34740294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur, an essential macronutrient, plays important roles in plant development and stress mitigation. Sulfur deficiency, a common problem in agricultural soils, may disturb plant stress resistance and xenobiotic detoxification. In the present study, the function and mechanism of limited sulfur nutrition on the residues and phtotoxicity of imidacloprid were investigated in lettuce plants. Sulfur deficiency significantly increased imidacloprid accumulation in lettuce tissues, exacerbated imidacloprid biological toxicity by enhancing the accumulation of toxic metabolites, like imidacloprid-olefin. Simultaneously, imidacloprid-induced detoxification enzymes including cytochromes P450, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and glycosyltransferases were inhibited under limited sulfur supply. On the other hand, sulfur deficiency further enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species and exacerbated lipid peroxidation in lettuce tissues. Sulfur deficiency mainly reduced the abundance of thiol groups, which are essential redox modulators as well as xenobiotic conjugators, and significantly inhibited GSTs expression. These results clearly suggested that sulfur deficiency inhibited the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds, leading to increased accumulation of pesticide residues and toxic metabolites as well as reduced detoxification capacity, consequently leading to oxidative damage to plants. Therefore, moderate sulfur supply in regions where neonicotinoid insecticides are intensively and indiscriminately used may be an efficient strategy to reduce pesticide residues and the potential risk to ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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8
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Zhou J, Dong C, An W, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Jiao B. Dissipation of imidacloprid and its metabolites in Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum) and their dietary risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112719. [PMID: 34478976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation of imidacloprid (IMI) and its metabolites (urea, olefin, 5-hydroxy, guanidine, 6-chloronicotinic acid) in Chinese prickly ash (CPA) was investigated using QuEChERS combined with UPLC-MS/MS. Good linearity (r2 ≥0.9963), accuracy (recoveries of 71.8-104.3%), precision (relative standard deviations of 0.9-9.4%), and sensitivity (limit of quantification ≤0.05 mg kg-1) were obtained. After application of IMI at dosage of 467 mg a.i. L-1 for three times with interval of 7 d, the dissipation dynamics of IMI in CPA followed first-order kinetics, with half-life of 6.48-7.29 d. IMI was the main compound in CPA, followed by urea and guanidine with small amounts of olefin, 5-hydroxy, and 6-chloronicotinic acid. The terminal residues of total IMI and its metabolites at PHI of 14-21 d were 0.16-7.80 mg kg-1 in fresh CPA and 0.41-10.44 mg kg-1 in dried CPA, with the median processing factor of 3.62. Risk assessment showed the acute (RQa) and chronic dietary risk quotients (RQc) of IMI in CPA were 0.020-0.083% and 0.052-0.334%, respectively. Based on the dietary structures of different genders and ages of Chinese people, the whole dietary risk assessment indicated that RQc was less than 100% for the general population except for 2- to 7-year-old children (RQc of 109.9%), implying the long-term risks of IMI were acceptable to common consumers except for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Wenjing An
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Yaohai Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China.
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Chen Y, Nie E, Huang L, Lu Y, Gao X, Akhtar K, Ye Q, Wang H. Translocation and metabolism of imidacloprid in cabbage: Application of 14C-labelling and LC-QTOF-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127928. [PMID: 32835975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide effective against sucking and some chewing insects. Translocation and metabolism of IMI in plants are related to food safety. In this study, 14C-labeled IMI was used to investigate its translocation, transformation, radioactive IMI metabolites and possible metabolic pathways in cabbage. The amount of IMI accumulated in the edible part of cabbage accounted for 80.3-95.4% of the applied amounts by foliar application. There was a tendency to transport from edible parts to inedible parts. The proportions of extractable IMI decreased gradually from 92.4% to 83.0% in edible parts, greater than that in inedible parts over the experiment (0-19 days), while the bound residues showed an opposite trend. The half-life of IMI was determined as 33.0 and 63.0 days in the edible parts and whole plant, respectively. Five radioactive components including the parent IMI were detected by HPLC-LSC. The relative content of M1 was less than 0.01 mg kg-1, which was not required to identify according to the metabolic scheme proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The metabolites N-nitro(1-6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyimidazol-2-imine (M2), N-nitro(1-6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-4/5-hydroxyimidazole-2-imine (M3) and 1/3-(1-6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-2,4-imidazodione (M4) were identified by LC-QTOF-MS. The primary metabolism of IMI in cabbage included hydrolysis and oxidation. The residue level and daily intake values of IMI in cabbage were estimated to be 0.033-0.078 mg kg-1 and 9.56-20.01 ng d-1 kg-1, respectively, which were far below the maximum residue level and allowable daily intake values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Enguang Nie
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Resende-Silva GA, Joseph DA, Guedes RNC, Cutler GC. Impact of Imidacloprid Soil Drenching on Survival, Longevity, and Reproduction of the Zoophytophagous Predator Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:108-114. [PMID: 31675095 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic insecticides when applied as seed treatments or soil drenches are often more toxicologically selective for natural enemies than target pests. This may not be the case, however, for omnivorous predators, which are at risk of extended exposure to systemically applied pesticides through ingestion while feeding on treated plants for nutrients or water. Such exposure may kill or have sublethal consequences for these natural enemies, compromising their role as biocontrol agents of agricultural pest species. The spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae), is an important zoophytophagous biocontrol agent (i.e., able to substitute zoophagy by phytophagy for survival) that may be exposed to systemic insecticides in many agricultural systems. We, therefore, examined effects on P. maculiventris following exposure to cabbage plants subject to soil-drench treatments with imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide. Predator survival, development, body weight, and reproduction were recorded. Imidacloprid significantly affected nymph survival and adult emergence, but not duration of the nymphal period or adult body weight. At one-twentieth the recommended field rate for whitefly and aphid management, imidacloprid treatments reduced longevity, fecundity, and fertility of female predators. These findings demonstrate that soil treatments with systemic insecticide can negatively impact zoophytophagous natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geverson A Resende-Silva
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Deney A Joseph
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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Li J, Jiang Y, Li D. Determination of imidacloprid and its relevant metabolites in tomato using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography/Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5211-5218. [PMID: 31038219 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red tomato processing is one of the leading industries in Xinjiang, but also the largest export industry. In the process of tomato planting, imidacloprid (IMI) is often used to kill aphids, which poses the risk of pesticide residue. However, as daily consumables, pesticide residue on tomatoes may cause a potential threat to human health. Therefore the aims of this research were to study the residue dynamics of IMI pesticides in tomatoes by monitoring field experiments and to investigate the fate of IMI and its metabolites under Xinjiang field conditions. RESULTS In the field trials, three different doses of IMI were sprayed on tomato during the fruit setting stage. Degradation of IMI and residue behaviors of its metabolites at different stages were systemically traced and evaluated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS). An accurate mass tool was used as the main method to identify the IMI metabolites. The improved method showed high efficiency in detecting IMI and 6-chlorinated nicotinic acid (6-CNA), being able to determine hazardous pesticides at trace levels. The fate of IMI in field tomato was investigated over 28 days. The metabolic mechanism of IMI in tomato is: OH products in the early stage and carbonyl products in the late stage. CONCLUSION Under natural conditions, pesticides in tomatoes will gradually decrease with time. In this process, olefin IMI is produced, but it is almost completely metabolized after 28 days. Therefore even 10 times the recommended dose of IMI pesticide will not endanger human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Deqiang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Li Y, Long L, Ge J, Li H, Zhang M, Wan Q, Yu X. Effect of Imidacloprid Uptake from Contaminated Soils on Vegetable Growth. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7232-7242. [PMID: 31184888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of imidacloprid uptake from contaminated soils on the growth of leaf vegetable Shanghaiqing was investigated. The result showed that during 35-day exposure, the concentration of imidacloprid (IMI) was in the order of vegetable shoots > vegetable roots > soil, indicating that IMI was more readily concentrated in vegetable shoots than in roots. Moreover, the biomass of IMI-treated vegetable shoots was comparable to that of the controls with early exposure, but was higher than that of the controls after 7-day exposure, showing that the test concentration of IMI could stimulate vegetable growth. The plant metabolic analysis of vegetable shoots using LC-QTOF/MS revealed that IMI may cause oxidative stress to the plant shoots with early exposure; however, the stressful situation of IMI seems to be relieved with the increase of some substances (such as spermidine and phenylalanine) with late exposure. Moreover, the upregulation of N-rich amino acids (glutamine, aspartate, and arginine) suggested that the process of fixing inorganic nitrogen in the plant should be enhanced, possibly contributing to enhanced growth rates. Additionally, four IMI's metabolites were identified by using MS-FINDER software, and the distribution of three metabolites in vegetable tissues was compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base , Ministry of Science and Technology , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Ling Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base , Ministry of Science and Technology , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Jing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base , Ministry of Science and Technology , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- School of the Environment and Safety Enginerring , Jiangsu University , 301 Zhenjiang City University Road , Zhenjiang 212001 , China
| | - Haocong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base , Ministry of Science and Technology , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base , Ministry of Science and Technology , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Qun Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base , Ministry of Science and Technology , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base , Ministry of Science and Technology , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 50 Zhongling Street , Nanjing 210014 , China
- School of the Environment and Safety Enginerring , Jiangsu University , 301 Zhenjiang City University Road , Zhenjiang 212001 , China
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Huang M, Qin X, Luo X, Yu W, Yang G, Zhang K, Hu D. A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to simultaneously determinate chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and imidacloprid metabolites in wheat. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1210-1221. [PMID: 30653273 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and imidacloprid metabolites in soil, wheat grain, and wheat straw matrices. Satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9965) of the method was obtained for all analytes. The ranges of limits of detection and limits of quantification for seven analytes in three matrices were 0.17-66.7 and 0.5-200 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries were 72.85-81.25% for chlorpyrifos, 78.54-84.70% for imidacloprid, 73.83-81.03% for imidacloprid olefin, 71.47-80.61% for 5-hydroxy imidacloprid, 71.79-81.32% for imidacloprid urea, 70.42-82.20% for imidacloprid nitroguanidine, and 70.91-82.46% for imidacloprid 6-chloronicotinic acid in soil, wheat grain, and wheat straw. The intra- and interday relative standard deviations were less than 8%. The established method was successfully applied for the residual analysis of chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and imidacloprid metabolites in actual soil, wheat grain, and wheat straw samples. The results indicated that the established method could be used to detect trace amounts of chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and imidacloprid metabolites in wheat and that the method might be able to provide some data on the detection of these seven compounds in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xinxian Qin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
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Ramasubramanian T, Paramasivam M, Nirmala R. Development, validation and application of a sensitive analytical method for residue determination and dissipation of imidacloprid in sugarcane under tropical field condition. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:375. [PMID: 27230427 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive analytical method has been developed and validated for the determination of trace amounts of imidacloprid in/on sugarcane sett, stalk and leaf. The method optimized in the present study requires less volume of organic solvent and time. Hence, this method is suitable for high-throughput analyses involving large number of samples. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery and relative standard deviation were more than 93 % and less than 4 %, respectively. Thus, it is obvious that the analytical method standardized in this study is more precise and accurate enough to determine the residues of imidacloprid in sugarcane sett, stalk and leaf. The dissipation and translocation of imidacloprid residues from treated cane setts to leaf and stalk were studied by adopting this method. In sugarcane setts, the residues of imidacloprid persisted up to 120 days with half-life of 15.4 days at its recommended dose (70 g a.i./ha). The residues of imidacloprid were found to be translocated from setts to stalk and leaf. The imidacloprid residues were detected up to 105 days in both leaf and stalk. Dipping of sugarcane setts in imidacloprid at its recommended dose may result in better protection of cane setts and established crop because of higher initial deposit (>100 mg/kg) and longer persistence (>120 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ramasubramanian
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu State, 641007, India.
| | - M Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - R Nirmala
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu State, 641007, India
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Leiva JA, Nkedi-Kizza P, Borejsza-Wysocki WS, Bauder VS, Morgan KT. Imidacloprid Extraction from Citrus Leaves and Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 96:671-677. [PMID: 26988226 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A procedure was developed to extract Imidacloprid (IMD) from newly-flushed and fully-expanded citrus leaves. The extraction was conducted in a bullet blender, using a small sample mass (0.5 g of fresh tissue), stainless-steel beads (24 g), and methanol as extractant (10 mL). The extracts did not require further clean-up before analysis by HPLC-MS/MS. The method was validated with control samples from IMD-untreated Hamlin orange trees. The method limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.04 and 0.12 μg g(-1), respectively. IMD recoveries from fortified leaf tissue were between 92 % and 102 %, with relative standard deviations of <8 %. The method was further evaluated by extracting leaves from Hamlin orange trees treated with IMD. The treated trees showed maximum concentrations of 10.8 and 21.8 µg g(-1), observed at 20 days after applying two soil-drenching rates (0.51 and 1.02 kg IMD ha(-1)), respectively. This extraction technique will generate useful data on IMD plant uptake, foliar concentration, and correlations with Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) mortality or control. The method could be used to generate baseline data to improve IMD soil-drenching applications as the main management practice to control the ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Leiva
- Soil and Water Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida (UF), P.O. Box 110290, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Peter Nkedi-Kizza
- Soil and Water Science Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida (UF), P.O. Box 110290, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Victor S Bauder
- Food and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, UF-IFAS, P.O. Box 110720, SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kelly T Morgan
- Soil and Water Science Department, South West Florida Research and Education Center, UF-IFAS, 2685 SR 29 North, Immokalee, FL, 34142, USA
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