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Jaiswal A, Pandey AK, Mishra Y, Dubey SK. Insights into the biodegradation of fipronil through soil microcosm-omics analyses of Pseudomonas sp. FIP_ A4. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142944. [PMID: 39067829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, is used to kill insects resistant to conventional insecticides. Though its regular and widespread use has substantially reduced agricultural losses, it has also caused its accumulation in various environmental niches. The biodegradation is an effective natural process that helps in reducing the amount of residual insecticides. This study deals with an in-depth investigation of fipronil degradation kinetics and pathways in Pseudomonas sp. FIP_A4 using multi-omics approaches. Soil-microcosm results revealed ∼87% degradation within 40 days. The whole genome of strain FIP_A4 comprises 4.09 Mbp with 64.6% GC content. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and enoyl-CoA hydratase-related protein, having 30% identity with dehalogenase detected in the genome, can mediate the initial degradation process. Proteome analysis revealed differential enzyme expression of dioxygenases, decarboxylase, and hydratase responsible for subsequent degradation. Metabolome analysis displayed fipronil metabolites in the presence of the bacterium, supporting the proposed degradation pathway. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation of each identified enzyme in complex with the specific metabolite disclosed adequate binding and high stability in the enzyme-metabolite complex. This study provides in-depth insight into genes and their encoded enzymes involved in the fipronil degradation and formation of different metabolites during pollutant degradation. The outcome of this study can contribute immensely to developing efficient technologies for the bioremediation of fipronil-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jaiswal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi- 284128, India
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India.
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Faridy N, Torabi E, Pourbabaee AA, Osdaghi E, Talebi K. Efficacy of novel bacterial consortia in degrading fipronil and thiobencarb in paddy soil: a survey for community structure and metabolic pathways. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1366951. [PMID: 38812693 PMCID: PMC11133635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fipronil (FIP) and thiobencarb (THIO) represent widely utilized pesticides in paddy fields, presenting environmental challenges that necessitate effective remediation approaches. Despite the recognized need, exploring bacterial consortia efficiently degrading FIP and THIO remains limited. Methods This study isolated three unique bacterial consortia-FD, TD, and MD-demonstrating the capability to degrade FIP, THIO, and an FIP + THIO mixture within a 10-day timeframe. Furthermore, the bioaugmentation abilities of the selected consortia were evaluated in paddy soils under various conditions. Results Sequencing results shed light on the consortia's composition, revealing a diverse bacterial population prominently featuring Azospirillum, Ochrobactrum, Sphingobium, and Sphingomonas genera. All consortia efficiently degraded pesticides at 800 µg/mL concentrations, primarily through oxidative and hydrolytic processes. This metabolic activity yields more hydrophilic metabolites, including 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-phenol and 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, for FIP, and carbamothioic acid, diethyl-, S-ethyl ester, and Benzenecarbothioic acid, S-methyl ester for THIO. Soil bioaugmentation tests highlight the consortia's effectiveness, showcasing accelerated degradation of FIP and THIO-individually or in a mixture-by 1.3 to 13-fold. These assessments encompass diverse soil moisture levels (20 and 100% v/v), pesticide concentrations (15 and 150 µg/g), and sterile conditions (sterile and non-sterile soils). Discussion This study offers an understanding of bacterial communities adept at degrading FIP and THIO, introducing FD, TD, and MD consortia as promising contenders for bioremediation endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Faridy
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ehssan Torabi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khalil Talebi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Qi Y, Li L, Qin K, Lu Y, Liu C. Effect of fertilization on the degradation and enantioselectivity of fipronil in soil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5283-5291. [PMID: 37615248 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used simultaneously in agriculture. However, the effects of common fertilizers on the dissipation, enantioselectivity, and metabolites of the chiral insecticide fipronil in soil are yet to be reported. RESULT An enantioselective method for detecting fipronil enantiomers and their metabolites in different soil matrices was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that organic and compound fertilizers significantly decreased the degradation of S- and R-fipronil, whereas phosphate and microbial fertilizers slightly reduced fipronil dissipation. The half-life values for S- and R-fipronil were 43.3 and 28.9 days, 99.0 and 63.0 days, 69.3 and 43.3 days, 46.2 and 30.1 days, and 43.3 and 31.5 days, respectively, in the control and the four fertilizer treatments, respectively. The enantioselectivity of fipronil enantiomers occurred and R-fipronil exhibited preferential degradation with an enantiomeric fraction (EF) of 0.4900-0.6238 in all treatments; but the four tested fertilizers decreased enantioselectivity with EF values changed from 0.4970 to 0.6238 in the control to 0.4900-0.6171 in fertilizer treatments. Two metabolites, fipronil sulfone and sulfide, were produced, and their amounts increased with culture time in all treatments. Fertilization reduced the content of fipronil sulfide and sulfone but hardly reduced the total amount of fipronil and its metabolites. CONCLUSION Fertilizers affect the environmental behavior of fipronil in the soil. Fertilization alters the soil bacterial community, which may be an important factor. This influence is relatively complicated and should be comprehensively considered in the environmental risk assessment of pesticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanli Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Taiyuan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaikai Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Lagos S, Koutroutsiou K, Karpouzas DG. Isolation of soil bacteria able to degrade the anthelminthic compound albendazole. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16127. [PMID: 37953781 PMCID: PMC10634332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic (AHs) veterinary drugs constitute major environmental contaminants. The use of AH-contaminated fecal material as manures in agricultural settings constitutes their main route of environmental dispersal. Once in soils, these compounds induce toxic effects to soil fauna and soil microbiota, both having a pivotal role in soil ecosystem functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to identify mitigation strategies to restrict the environmental dispersal of AHs. Bioaugmentation of AH-contaminated manures or soils with specialized microbial inocula constitutes a promising remediation strategy. In the present study, we aimed to isolate microorganisms able to actively transform the most widely used benzimidazole anthelminthic albendazole (ABZ). Enrichment cultures in minimal growth media inoculated with a soil known to exhibit rapid degradation of ABZ led to the isolation of two bacterial cultures able to actively degrade ABZ. Two oxidative products of ABZ, ABZSO and ABZSO2, were detected at low amounts along its degradation. This suggested that the oxidation of ABZ is not a major transformation process in the isolated bacteria which most probably use other biotic pathways to degrade ABZ leading to the formation of products not monitored in this study. Full length sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis assigned both strains to the genus Acinetobacter. The sequences were submitted in GeneBank NCBI, database with the accession numbers OP604271 to OP604273. Further studies will employ omic tools to identify the full transformation pathway and the associated genetic network of Acinetobacter isolates, information that will unlock the potential use of these isolates in the bioaugmentation of contaminated manures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stathis Lagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Koutroutsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Viopolis, Thessaly, Greece
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Jaiswal A, Tripathi A, Dubey SK. Biodegradation of fipronil: molecular characterization, degradation kinetics, and metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106316-106329. [PMID: 37726627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (C12H4Cl2F6N4OS) is a commonly used insecticide effective against numerous insects and pests. Its immense application poses harmful effects on various non-target organisms as well. Therefore, searching the effective methods for the degradation of fipronil is imperative and logical. In this study, fipronil-degrading bacterial species are isolated and characterized from diverse environments using a culture-dependent method followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed the homology of organisms with Acinetobacter sp., Streptomyces sp., Pseudomonas sp., Agrobacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp., Kocuria sp., Priestia sp., Bacillus sp., Aeromonas sp., and Pantoea sp. The bacterial degradation potential for fipronil was analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Incubation-based degradation studies revealed that Pseudomonas sp. and Rhodococcus sp. were found to be the most potent isolates that degraded fipronil at 100 mg L-1 concentration, with removal efficiencies of 85.9 and 83.6%, respectively. Kinetic parameter studies, following the Michaelis-Menten model, also revealed the high degradation efficiency of these isolates. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed fipronil sulfide, benzaldehyde, (phenyl methylene) hydrazone, isomenthone, etc., as major metabolites of fipronil degradation. Overall investigation suggests that native bacterial species isolated from the contaminated environments could be efficiently utilized for the biodegradation of fipronil. The outcome derived from this study has immense significance in formulating an approach for bioremediation of fipronil-contaminated surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jaiswal
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu, University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Animesh Tripathi
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu, University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Dubey
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu, University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Prado C, Pereira R, Durrant L, Júnior R, Piubeli F, Bonfá M. Fipronil Degradation in Soil by Enterobacter chengduensis Strain G2.8: Metabolic Perspective. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1935. [PMID: 37763338 PMCID: PMC10532730 DOI: 10.3390/life13091935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fipronil is an insecticide widely used in the agricultural and veterinary sectors for its efficacy in pest control. The presence of fipronil in the environment is mainly due to agricultural and domestic practices and is frequently found in different types of environmental matrices in concentrations ranging from µg/L to mg/L and can be hazardous to non-target organisms due to its high toxicity. This study was carried out to obtain and characterize microorganisms from soil which are capable of biodegrading fipronil that could be of great biotechnological interest. For this purpose, bioprospecting was carried out using fipronil (0.6 g/L) as the main source of carbon and nitrogen for growth. Once obtained, the strain was identified by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and the capacity to degrade fipronil was monitored by GC-MS. Our study showed a presence in soil samples of the strain identified as Enterobacter chengduensis, which was able to metabolize fipronil and its metabolites during the mineralization process. Enterobacter chengduensis was able to biodegrade fipronil (96%) and its metabolites fipronil-sulfone (92%) and fipronil-sulfide (79%) in 14 days. Overall, the results of this study provided a bacterium with great potential that could contribute to the degradation of fipronil in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Prado
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Pereira
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil;
| | | | - Rômulo Júnior
- Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil;
| | | | - Maricy Bonfá
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil;
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Biodegradation of the Pesticides Bifenthrin and Fipronil by Bacillus Isolated from Orange Leaves. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3295-3310. [PMID: 36585549 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pyrethroid bifenthrin and the phenylpyrazole fipronil are widely employed insecticides, and their extensive use became an environmental issue. Therefore, this study evaluated their biodegradation employing bacterial strains of Bacillus species isolated from leaves of orange trees, aiming at new biocatalysts with high efficiency for use singly and in consortium. Experiments were performed in liquid culture medium at controlled temperature and stirring (32 °C, 130 rpm). After 5 days, residual quantification by HPLC-UV/Vis showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RFD1C presented 93% biodegradation of fipronil (10.0 mg.L-1 initial concentration) and UPLC-HRMS analyses identified the metabolite fipronil sulfone. Moreover, Bacillus pseudomycoides 3RF2C showed a biodegradation of 88% bifenthrin (30.0 mg.L-1 initial concentration). A consortium composed of the 8 isolated strains biodegraded 81% fipronil and 51% bifenthrin, showing that this approach did not promote better results than the most efficient strains employed singly, although high rates of biodegradation were observed. In conclusion, bacteria of the Bacillus genus isolated from leaves of citrus biodegraded these pesticides widely applied to crops, showing the importance of the plant microbiome for degradation of toxic xenobiotics.
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Insights into the toxicity and biodegradation of fipronil in contaminated environment. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rau J, Werner D, Beer M, Höper D, Kampen H. The microbial RNA metagenome of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Germany. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2587-2599. [PMID: 35857094 PMCID: PMC9378336 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito species that has become widespread across the globe. In addition, it is an efficient vector of numerous pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Among others, the vector potential of mosquitoes is influenced by their microbiome. However, this influence is very dynamic and can vary between individuals and life stages. To obtain a rough overview on the microbiome of Ae. albopictus populations in Germany, pooled female and pooled male individuals from seven German locations were investigated by total RNA sequencing. The mosquito specimens had been collected as larvae in the field and processed immediately after adult emergence, i.e. without females having fed on blood. RNA fragments with high degrees of identity to a large number of viruses and microorganisms were identified, including, for example, Wolbachia pipientis and Acinetobacter baumannii, with differences between male and female mosquitoes. Knowledge about the natural occurrence of microorganisms in mosquitoes may be translated into new approaches to vector control, for example W. pipientis can be exploited to manipulate mosquito reproduction and vector competence. The study results show how diverse the microbiome of Ae. albopictus can be, and the more so needs to be adequately analysed and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Rau
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
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Differential proteomic analysis under pesticides stress and normal conditions in Bacillus cereus 2D. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253106. [PMID: 34388169 PMCID: PMC8362991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential pesticide degrading bacterial isolate (2D), showing maximum tolerance (450 mg∙L-1) for cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron was recovered from a pesticide contaminated agricultural field. The isolate degraded cypermethrin, imidacloprid, fipronil and sulfosulfuron in minimal salt medium with 94, 91, 89 and 86% respectively as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) analysis after 15 days of incubation. Presence of cyclobutane, pyrrolidine, chloroacetic acid, formic acid and decyl ester as major intermediate metabolites of cypermethrin biodegradation was observed in gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results based on 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis showed maximum similarity of 2D with Bacillus cereus (Accession ID: MH341691). Stress responsive and catabolic/pesticide degrading proteins were over expressed in the presence of cypermethrin in bacteria. Enzymatic kinetics of laccase was deduced in the test isolate under normal and pesticide stress conditions which suggested that the production of enzyme was induced significantly in pesticide stress (163 μg.μL-1) as compare to normal conditions(29 μg.μL-1) while the Km value was decreased in pesticides stress condition (Km = 10.57 mM) and increases in normal condition (Km = 14.33 mM).Amplification of laccase gene showed a major band of 1200bp. The present study highlights on the potential of 2D bacterial strain i.e., high tolerance level of pesticide, effective biodegradation rate, and presence of laccase gene in bacterial strain 2D, could become a potential biological agent for large-scale treatment of mixture of pesticide (cypermethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and sulfosulfuron) in natural environment (soil and water).
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Singh NS, Sharma R, Singh SK, Singh DK. A comprehensive review of environmental fate and degradation of fipronil and its toxic metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111316. [PMID: 33989624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides to increase crop production has become one of the inevitable components of modern agriculture. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazoles insecticide, is one of the most widely used, systemic, broad-spectrum insecticides. Owing to its unique mode of action and selective toxicity, it was once regarded as safer alternatives to more toxic and persistent organochlorine insecticides. However, with the increased use, many studies have reported the toxicity of fipronil and its metabolites in various non-target organisms during the last two decades. Currently, it is regarded as one of the most persistent and lipophilic insecticides in the market. In the environment, fipronil can undergo oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or photolysis to form fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, fipronil amide, or fipronil desulfinyl respectively. These metabolites except fipronil amide are more or less toxic and persistent than fipronil and have been reported from diverse environmental samples. Recently many studies have focused on the degradation and removal of fipronil residues from the environment. However, a comprehensive review summarizing and combining these recent findings is lacking. In the present review, we evaluate, summarize, and combine important findings from recent degradation studies of fipronil and its metabolites. An attempt has been made to elucidate the possible mechanism and pathways of degradation of fipronil and its toxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngangbam Sarat Singh
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Government Arts College, Yanam, Puducherry, 533464, India
| | - Ranju Sharma
- Pesticide Toxicology and Soil Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Dileep Kumar Singh
- Pesticide Toxicology and Soil Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Bhatt P, Rene ER, Kumar AJ, Gangola S, Kumar G, Sharma A, Zhang W, Chen S. Fipronil degradation kinetics and resource recovery potential of Bacillus sp. strain FA4 isolated from a contaminated agricultural field in Uttarakhand, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130156. [PMID: 34088081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential role of Bacillus sp. FA4 for the bioremediation of fipronil in a contaminated environment and resource recovery from natural sites. The degradation parameters for fipronil were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM): pH - 7.0, temperature - 32 °C, inocula - 6.0 × 108 CFU mL-1, and fipronil concentration - 50 mg L-1. Degradation of fipronil was confirmed in the mineral salt medium (MSM), soil, immobilized agar discs, and sodium alginate beads. The significant reduction of the half-life of fipronil suggested that the strain FA4 could be used for the treatment of large-scale fipronil degradation from contaminated environments. The kinetic parameters, such as qmax, Ks, and Ki for fipronil degradation with strain FA4, were 0.698 day-1, 12.08 mg L-1, and 479.35 mg L-1, respectively. Immobilized FA4 cells with sodium alginate and agar disc beads showed enhanced degradation with reductions in half-life at 7.83 and 7.34 days, respectively. The biodegradation in soil further confirmed the degradation potential of strain FA4 with a half-life of 7.40 days as compared to the sterilized soil control's 169.02 days. The application of the strain FA4 on fipronil degradation, under different in vitro conditions, showed that the strain could be used for bioremediation and resource recovery of contaminated wastewater and soil in natural contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Microbiology, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Saurabh Gangola
- Department of Microbiology, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India; Department of School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India; Indian Council of Agriculture Research-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226101, India
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Pino-Otín MR, Ballestero D, Navarro E, Mainar AM, Val J. Effects of the insecticide fipronil in freshwater model organisms and microbial and periphyton communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142820. [PMID: 33121789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide whose release in the environment damages many non-target organisms. This study evaluated the toxicity of fipronil at two biological levels using in vivo conditions and environmentally relevant concentrations: the first based on two model organisms (aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna and the unicellular freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and a second based on three natural communities (river periphyton and freshwater and soil microbial communities). The physicochemical properties of fipronil make it apparently unstable in the environment, so its behaviour was followed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under the different test conditions. The most sensitive organism to fipronil was D. magna, with median lethal dose (LC50) values from 0.07 to 0.38 mg/L (immobilisation test). Toxicity was not affected by the media used (MOPS or river water), but it increased with temperature. Fipronil produced effects on the photosynthetic activity of C. reinhardtii at 20 °C in MOPS (EC50 = 2.44 mg/L). The freshwater periphyton presented higher sensitivity to fipronil (photosynthetic yield EC50 of 0.74 mg/L) in MOPS and there was a time-dependent effect (toxicity increased with time). Toxicity was less evident when periphyton and C. reinhardtii tests were performed in river water, where the solubility of fipronil is poor. Finally, the assessment of the metabolic profiles using Biolog EcoPlates showed that bacteria communities were minimally affected by fipronil. The genetic identification of these communities based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that many of the taxa are specialists in degrading high molecular weight compounds, including pesticides. This work allows us to better understand the impact of fipronil on the environment at different levels of the food chain and in different environmental conditions, a necessary point given its presence in the environment and the complex behaviour of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Ballestero
- Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Enrique Navarro
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain.
| | - Ana M Mainar
- I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jonatan Val
- Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain.
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Behera BK, Chakraborty HJ, Patra B, Rout AK, Dehury B, Das BK, Sarkar DJ, Parida PK, Raman RK, Rao AR, Rai A, Mohapatra T. Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Bacterial and Fungal Diversity and Their Bioremediation Potential From Sediments of River Ganga and Yamuna in India. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:556136. [PMID: 33178147 PMCID: PMC7596357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.556136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the presence of a microbial community of bioremediation potential in terms of relative abundance and taxonomic biodiversity in sediment samples of river Ganga and Yamuna, India at nine different sites. Metagenomic libraries were constructed using TruSeq Nano DNA Library Prep Kit and sequenced on NextSeq 500 by Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. Bioremediation bacteria belong to 45 genera with 92 species and fungi belong to 13 genera with 24 species have been classified using Kaiju taxonomical classification. The study revealed that Proteobacteria was the most dominant bacterial flora, followed by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus. PCA analysis revealed that bioremediation bacteria viz. Streptomyces bikiniensis, Rhodococcus qingshengii, Bacillus aerophilus, Pseudomonas veronii, etc., were more dominant in highly polluted river stretch as compared to less polluted river stretch. Similarly, the relative abundance of bioremediation fungi viz. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus oryzae, etc., were significantly correlated with the polluted Kanpur stretch of river Ganga. Several protein domains, which play a pivotal role in bioremediation in the polluted environments, including urea ABC transporter, UrtA, UrtD, UrtE, zinc/cadmium/mercury/lead-transporting ATPase, etc., were identified using protein domain analysis. The protein domains involved in pesticide biodegradation viz. P450, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR), etc., were also discovered in river sediment metagenomics data. This is the first report on the richness of bioremediation microbial communities in the Ganga and Yamuna riverine ecosystems, highlighting their importance in aquatic pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Hirak Jyoti Chakraborty
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Biswanath Patra
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Rout
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Rohan Kumar Raman
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology (AEBN) Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Culturable Bacterial Community on Leaves of Assam Tea ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica) in Thailand and Human Probiotic Potential of Isolated Bacillus spp. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101585. [PMID: 33066699 PMCID: PMC7602384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Assam tea plants (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) or Miang are found in plantations and forests of Northern Thailand. Leaf fermentation has been performed for centuries, but little information is available about their associated microbial community. One hundred and fifty-seven bacterial isolates were isolated from 62 Assam tea leaf samples collected from 6 provinces of Northern Thailand and classified within the phyla of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Phayao and Phrae provinces exhibited the highest and the lowest bacterial diversities, respectively. The bacterial community structural pattern demonstrated significant differences between the west and the east sides. Since some Bacillus spp. have been reported to be involved in fermented Miang, Bacillus spp. isolated in this study were chosen for further elucidation. Bacillus siamensis ML122-2 exhibited a growth inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA DMST 20625, and the highest survival ability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (32.3 and 99.7%, respectively), autoaggregation (93.2%), cell surface hydrophobicity (50.0%), and bacterial adherence with Vero cells (75.8% of the control Lactiplantibacillusplantarum FM03-1). This B. siamensis ML122-2 is a promising probiotic to be used in the food industry and seems to have potential antibacterial properties relevant for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang L, Li D. Enhancement of fipronil degradation with eliminating its toxicity in a microbial fuel cell and the catabolic versatility of anodic biofilm. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121723. [PMID: 31302463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of fipronil was investigated in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Almost 79% of 30 mg/L fipronil was rapidly degraded within 12 h by MFC biofilm. Based on the constructed quadratic polynomial model, a maximum fipronil degradation rate of 94.22% could be theoretically achieved at pH of 7.01, 33.39 °C, and the initial fipronil concentration 74 mg/L after incubation for 72 h. The high acute toxicity of fipronil toward zebrafish was largely eliminated after degradation by the MFC. In addition, the MFC biofilm showed catabolic versatility to 4-chloronitrobenzene, sulfanilamide, fluoroglycofen, and azoxystrobin. The microbial community analysis revealed that the functional bacteria Sphaerochaeta, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azoarcus, and Chryseobacterium were major predominant bacteria in the anodic biofilm. Therefore, the MFC offers a promising approach in treating the environmental contaminants due to its abilities of energy capture from waste substances and catabolic versatility to different organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Shenyang Academy of Environmental Science, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Abraham J, Gajendiran A. Biodegradation of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone by Streptomyces rochei strain AJAG7 and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soil. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 155:90-100. [PMID: 30857632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a most widely used insecticide. It has been found to be highly toxic to insects with alarming decline in honey bees' population. It has shown to cause severe contamination of soil and water. The present study was undertaken to understand the degradation of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone using actinomycetes. Fipronil degrading actinomycetes strain AJAG7 was isolated from fipronil contaminated agricultural field by enrichment method. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified strain AJAG7 as Streptomyces rochei. The biodegradation of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone by strain AJAG7 was examined by HPLC. Biodegradation pathway of fipronil by strain AJAG7 was deduced with GC-MS analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface morphological changes of strain AJAG7 upon fipronil degradation. Apart from fipronil degradation, low cost powder formulation of strain AJAG7 was prepared using agricultural waste to remediate the fipronil contaminated agricultural field. Results of the present study suggest that strain AJAG7 qualifies as an ideal candidate for biodegradation of fipronil contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Abraham
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anudurga Gajendiran
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Adewoyin MA, Okoh AI. The natural environment as a reservoir of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter species. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:265-272. [PMID: 29982240 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, which are oxidase-negative, exhibiting a twitching motility under a magnifying lens. Besides being important soil microorganisms, due to their contribution to the soil fertility, Acinetobacter species, particularly A. baumannii, hold a prominent place within the genus because, it is the most virulent among the other species, causing varying degrees of human infections in clinical environments. However, results of different research have shown that Acinetobacter species can be isolated from such natural environments as surface water, wastewater and sewage, healthy human skin, plant, animal and food material as well as domestic appliances. The presence of some other Acinetobacter species in the natural environment has been associated with beneficial roles including soil improvement, detoxification of oil spillages and as microflora in human and plant bodies. In this paper, we carried out an overview of various natural ecological niches as reservoirs of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Adewoyin
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Biomineralisation of fipronil and its major metabolite, fipronil sulfone, by Aspergillus glaucus strain AJAG1 with enzymes studies and bioformulation. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:212. [PMID: 28667652 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fipronil is a phenylpryazole insecticide which is extensively used for the protection of agricultural yields. However, this insecticide poses various threats to the environment. Therefore it is essential to develop an effective method to degrade or eliminate this pollutant from the environment. In this present study, a fungal strain AJAG1 capable of degrading fipronil and its metabolite, fipronil sulfone, was isolated through enrichment technique. Isolated fungal strain was identified as Aspergillus glaucus based upon its morphological, and 18S rRNA sequence analysis. Strain AJAG1 could degrade 900 mg L-1 of fipronil efficiently in both aqueous medium and soil. In addition, fipronil degradation was tested with various kinetic models and the results revealed that biodegradation in aqueous medium and soil was ascertained by pseudo-first order and zero order rate kinetics, respectively. The infrared spectrum of fipronil degraded sample confirmed the formation of esters, nitro, and alkanes groups. A tentative degradation pathway of fipronil by strain AJAG1 has been proposed on the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The lignolytic enzymes activities were studied during fipronil degradation by strain AJAG1. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of strain AJAG1 after fipronil degradation. In the present investigation, bioformulation of strain AJAG1 was developed using low cost materials such as groundnut shell powder, molasses, and fly ash to remediate the fipronil from agricultural field. These results highlight A. glaucus strain AJAG1 may have potential for use in bioremediation of fipronil-contaminated environment.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus CA16, a Bacterium Capable of Degrading Diesel and Lignin. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/24/e00494-17. [PMID: 28619790 PMCID: PMC5473259 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00494-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report here the complete assembled genome sequence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus CA16, which is capable of utilizing diesel and lignin as a sole carbon source. CA16 contains a 4,110,074-bp chromosome and a 5,920-bp plasmid. The assembled sequences will help elucidate potential metabolic pathways and mechanisms responsible for CA16’s hydrocarbon degradation ability.
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