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Xue J, Liu H, Yin T, Zhou X, Song X, Zou Y, Li L, Jia R, Fu Y, Zhao X, Yin Z. Rat Hepatocytes Protect against Lead-Cadmium-Triggered Apoptosis Based on Autophagy Activation. TOXICS 2024; 12:285. [PMID: 38668508 PMCID: PMC11055059 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Lead and cadmium are foodborne contaminants that threaten human and animal health. It is well known that lead and cadmium produce hepatotoxicity; however, defense mechanisms against the co-toxic effects of lead and cadmium remain unknown. We investigated the mechanism of autophagy (defense mechanism) against the co-induced toxicity of lead and cadmium in rat hepatocytes (BRL-3A cells). Cultured rat liver BRL-3A cell lines were co-cultured with 10, 20, 40 μM lead and 2.5, 5, 10 μM cadmium alone and in co-culture for 12 h and exposed to 5 mM 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), 10 μM rapamycin (Rapa), and 50 nM Beclin1 siRNA to induce cellular autophagy. Our results show that treatment of BRL-3A cells with lead and cadmium significantly decreased the cell viability, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential levels, and induced apoptosis, which are factors leading to liver injury, and cell damage was exacerbated by co-exposure to lead-cadmium. In addition, the results showed that lead and cadmium co-treatment induced autophagy. We further observed that the suppression of autophagy with 3-MA or Beclin1 siRNA promoted lead-cadmium-induced apoptosis, whereas enhancement of autophagy with Rapa suppressed lead-cadmium-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrated that co-treatment with lead and cadmium induces apoptosis in BRL-3A cells. Interestingly, the activation of autophagy provides cells with a self-protective mechanism against induced apoptosis. This study provides insights into the role of autophagy in lead-cadmium-induced apoptosis, which may be beneficial for the treatment of lead-cadmium-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Xue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huimao Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianyi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Mu H, Wan W, Song J, Kuang R, Deng T. Mitochondrial Lipid Peroxidation and Microsomal Drug-metabolizing Enzyme Activity of Rat Hepatotoxicity under Heavy Metals from Slag Waste Exposure. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01134-3. [PMID: 37268808 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals from slag waste (HMSWs) have attracted much attention because of their serious toxicity to the environment and human organs, especially hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different HMSWs exposure on mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities as well as their relationship in the rat liver injury. Based on toxicogenomic analysis, heavy metals including iron, copper, cobalt, nickel and manganese, might interfere with pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress, cell death, and energy metabolism regulation in vivo, and participate in the regulation of HIF-1 signaling pathway, peroxisomes, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, ferroptosis, and other signaling pathways. HMSWs exposure caused weight loss, and significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in different groups of rat liver, suggesting the presence of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation damage. In addition, the ratios of AST/ALT and ALT/LDH were down-regulated, especially the ALT/LDH ratios were less than 1, indicating that hepatic ischemic injury occurred in the process of liver injury. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) activities in rats also showed significant decreases, indicating the occurrence of hepatic oxidative/antioxidant dysfunction imbalance. Further decision tree analysis of live biochemical abnormalities suggested that AST > 58.78 U/gprot and MDA > 173.2 nmol/mgprot could be used for hepatotoxicity warning. Liver microsomal cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and 3A1 (CYP3A1) enzymes were also involved in the hepatotoxic process of heavy metals. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation damage and metabolic damage in liver mitochondria and peroxisomes, may be one of the key events in heavy metal-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuo Mu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Wan
- Technology Center of Hangzhou Customs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwu Song
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Kuang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Animal Alternative Testing Technology of Cosmetics, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongle Deng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Rashid S, Shah IA, Supe Tulcan RX, Rashid W, Sillanpaa M. Contamination, exposure, and health risk assessment of Hg in Pakistan: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:118995. [PMID: 35189298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic and highly mobile heavy metal. It has been regarded as more toxic than other nonessential and toxic nonradioactive heavy metals. Moreover, it has a high tendency of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the environmental and health risks related to Hg. Seventy studies related to Hg in environmental media, aquatic biota, and food stuffs across Pakistan were reviewed, and their concentrations were used for ecological and human health risk assessments. High concentrations of Hg were reported in the environment, with maximum concentrations of 72 mg L-1, 144 mg kg-1, 887 mg kg-1, and 49,807 ng m-3 in surface water, surface soil, surface sediments, and urban atmosphere, respectively. The possible non-carcinogenic health risk (hazard quotient) of Hg was assessed in soil, water, and fish. High risks were calculated for seafood and vegetable consumption, while low risks were estimated for soils and groundwater ingestion and exposure. Overall, children showed higher risks than adults. Last, the risk quotient analysis (RQ) revealed significant risks for aquatic species. RQs showed that multiple species, especially those with smaller resilience, could face long-term detrimental impacts. High, medium, and low risks were calculated from 66.66, 16.17, and 16.17% of the reported Hg concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Rashid
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Izaz Ali Shah
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Roberto Xavier Supe Tulcan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wajid Rashid
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, 19130, Pakistan.
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
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4
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Khisroon M, Hassan N, Khan A, Farooqi J. Assessment of DNA damage induced by endosulfan in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15551-15555. [PMID: 33550553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide, which is commonly used throughout the world. It accumulates in the environment and may cause significant damage to the ecosystems, particularly to the aquatic environments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic effect of endosulfan on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) blood. The fish were exposed to three different concentrations, 0.75 ppb/day, 1.0 ppb/day, and 1.5ppb/day of endosulfan for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The study was a randomized control trial and the control group was not exposed to endosulfan. The results showed that after 7 days, the level of DNA damage in all the concentrations was significant (P < 0.05), while after 14, 21, and 28 days' trials, highly significant (P < 0.000) level of DNA damage was observed. Hence, time- and dose-dependent DNA damage was observed in fish DNA by comet assay. It is concluded from our results that with the increase in endosulfan concentration and exposure duration, the level of DNA damage also increased. As the current study showed the severe genotoxic effect of endosulfan in Ctenopharyngodon idella, therefore, the imprudent and indiscriminate use of endosulfan should be controlled and monitored by the concerned government authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khisroon
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Javeed Farooqi
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Mojica-Vázquez LH, Madrigal-Zarraga D, García-Martínez R, Boube M, Calderón-Segura ME, Oyallon J. Mercury chloride exposure induces DNA damage, reduces fertility, and alters somatic and germline cells in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32322-32332. [PMID: 31598926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury exposure has been shown to affect the reproductive system in many organisms, although the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. In the present study, we exposed Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S adult females to concentrations of 0 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, 3 mM, and 30 mM of mercury chloride (HgCl2) for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h to determine how mercury could affect fertility. Alkaline assays performed on dissected ovaries showed that mercury induced DNA damage that is not only dose-dependent but also time-dependent. All ovaries treated for 72 h have incorporated mercury and exhibit size reduction. Females treated with 30 mM HgCl2, the highest dose, had atrophied ovaries and exhibited a drastic 7-fold reduction in egg laying. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that exposure to HgCl2 disrupts germinal and somatic cell organization in the germarium and leads to the aberrant expression of a germline-specific gene in somatic follicle cells in developing egg chambers. Together, these results highlight the potential long-term impact of mercury on germline and ovarian cells that might involve gene deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Diana Madrigal-Zarraga
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rocío García-Martínez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Muriel Boube
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)-CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - María Elena Calderón-Segura
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Justine Oyallon
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico.
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Marins K, Lazzarotto LMV, Boschetti G, Bertoncello KT, Sachett A, Schindler MSZ, Chitolina R, Regginato A, Zanatta AP, Siebel AM, Magro JD, Zanatta L. Iron and manganese present in underground water promote biochemical, genotoxic, and behavioral alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23555-23570. [PMID: 31203546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are metals commonly found at high concentrations in underground water. These metals are essential for the good functioning of living organisms, but high concentrations lead to imbalance, potentiating the appearance of pathologies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure to naturally occurring metals in groundwater, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an experimental model. Thus, zebrafish were exposed to Fe (0.8 and 1.3 mg/L), Mn (0.2 and 0.4 mg/L), and groundwater collected from deep tube wells with Fe and Mn (Fe 0.8/Mn 0.2 mg/L and Fe 1.3/Mn 0.4 mg/L) for 30 days. Bioaccumulation of these metals has been demonstrated in the livers and muscles of zebrafish. Acetylcholinesterase activity changed only in zebrafish muscles in all groups. Sulfhydryl levels changed mainly in the group Mn 0.4. SOD/CAT ratio decreased in the groups Fe 0.8 and 1.3, Mn 0.4, and Fe 0.8/Mn 0.4. An increase in the frequency of micronucleus in all groups was shown as a consequence of these changes. Behavioral parameters (time and distance traveled, mean speed, turn angle, latency, and number of crossings between compartments) have also changed, mainly in the groups Fe 1.3, Mn 0.4, and Fe 1.3/Mn 0.4. Therefore, long-term exposure to Fe and Mn, even at not so high concentrations, may cause biochemical, genotoxic, and behavioral changes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Marins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Luan Marcos Valentini Lazzarotto
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Boschetti
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Kanandra Taisa Bertoncello
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Adrieli Sachett
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Monica Santin Zanatta Schindler
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Chitolina
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Alissara Regginato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Siebel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, Bairro Efapi, Chapecó, SC, 89809-000, Brazil.
- Curso de Enfermagem, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Rua Sete de Setembro, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 190D, Chapecó, SC, 89801140, Brazil.
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Singh M, Khan H, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Distinctive fingerprints of genotoxicity induced by As, Cr, Cd, and Ni in a freshwater fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19445-19452. [PMID: 31077041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of three toxic elements (chromium, cadmium, nickel) and a metalloid (arsenic) has been studied in a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus using micronuclei (MN) test, comet assay, and erythrocyte nuclear alterations (ENAs) as fingerprints of genotoxicity. These tests yielded different results suggesting involvement of different mechanisms for their genotoxicity. While highest frequency of blebbed nuclei was observed in chromium-treated fish (6.5 ± 0.76), lowest was observed in cadmium-treated fish (4.0 ± 1.0). Maximum number of notched nuclei was recorded in arsenic-treated fish (5.5 ± 1.15) whereas highest numbers of lobed nuclei were found in cadmium-treated fish (4.5 ± 0.13). These differences might be attributed to selective bioaccumulation and chemodynamics of each element. Other parameters used to determine genotoxicity viz.: lipid peroxidation and DNA damage also suggested different mechanisms of their genotoxicity. It is suggested that an integrative approach, using a battery of tests for determining genotoxicity, should be made while making environmental health risk assessment and ecotoxicological studies of these toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Singh
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Huma Khan
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
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Genotoxic damage in coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei exposed to urban soils. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:111-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Khan MI, Zahoor M, Khan A, Gulfam N, Khisroon M. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and their Genotoxic Effect on Freshwater Mussel. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:52-58. [PMID: 30443659 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of fresh water bodies like riverine system is utmost concerned environmental issue. This study was aimed to assess the concentration of heavy metals in River Kabul and their bioaccumulation by freshwater mussel. Comet assay was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of heavy metals on hemocytes of freshwater mussel. The concentration of heavy metals in water was in the order of Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Mn > Fe > Cr > Cd, in sediments were Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd and in the soft tissues of freshwater mussel were in order of Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd. The hemocytes of mussels from polluted sites showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) DNA damage as compared to reference site. The study showed that pollutants from industries, municipal, domestic and agricultural sources cause heavy metals contamination in River Kabul.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naila Gulfam
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khisroon
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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10
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Ali H, Khan E. Bioaccumulation of Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in the Economically Important Freshwater Fish Schizothorax plagiostomus from Three Rivers of Malakand Division, Pakistan: Risk Assessment for Human Health. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:77-83. [PMID: 30456654 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of freshwater ecosystems such as rivers with hazardous heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in freshwater fish causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. The present research aimed to (1) investigate the accumulation of four potentially toxic heavy metals viz. Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in muscle tissue of the commercially important freshwater fish Schizothorax plagiostomus at different sites of River Swat, River Panjkora and River Barandu in northern Pakistan (2) to compare gross metal accumulation in the fish samples by calculating metal pollution index (MPI) and (3) to assess potential risk to the health of the fish consumers. Samples were analyzed for the heavy metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Risk analysis showed that Ni risk was higher at River Panjkora and River Barandu, Pb risk was higher at River Swat and River Panjkora while Cd risk was quite low at all the three rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan.
| | - Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Monteiro JADN, Cunha LAD, Costa MHPD, Reis HSD, Aguiar ACDS, Oliveira-Bahia VRLD, Burbano RMR, Rocha CAMD. Mutagenic and histopathological effects of hexavalent chromium in tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) (Anura, Ranidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:400-407. [PMID: 30064085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential mutagenic and histopathological effects of the hexavalent chromium were investigated in Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. These larvae (GS 25-31) were exposed to three nominal concentrations of potassium dichromate (4, 12, and 36 mg L-1) and 5 mg L-1 of Cyclophosphamide as a positive control (PC), for 24 h. A negative control (NC) was also added to the experiment. Our results showed that, in general, the micronuclei (MN) were less frequent than the erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA); there was a significant difference in the frequency of MN between the NC and all treated groups (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent curve, in addition the PC did not differ from the chromium treatments. Also, only PC and the group treated with potassium dichromate at 36 mg L-1 showed significantly higher frequencies of ENA than NC (p < 0.05). Chromium treatments promoted cell retention in the Sub-G1 phase and a decrease of cells in the S and G2/M phases indicating inhibition of the cell cycle. All treatments with chromium led to liver and kidney histopathological lesions, especially with 36 mg L-1 (greater number of lesions). In conclusion, hexavalent chromium was mutagenic to L. catesbeianus tadpoles and its toxic effects also resulted in anti-mitotic activity, besides inducing histopathological alterations in liver and kidney. Amphibians have been proven to be useful bioindicators, and we suggest that tadpoles of different species can be used to represent the environmental impacts in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto do Nascimento Monteiro
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Genetic Toxicology (Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lorena Araújo da Cunha
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Genetic Toxicology (Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mary Helen Pestana da Costa
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Genetic Toxicology (Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Herald Souza Dos Reis
- Coordination of Biological Sciences (Coordenação de Ciências Biológicas), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (Instituto 19 Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Aliceane Carolina da Silva Aguiar
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Biology (Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Biologia à Distância), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Veronica Regina Lobato de Oliveira-Bahia
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Biology (Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Biologia à Distância), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rommel Mario Rodríguez Burbano
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Genetic Toxicology (Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Machado da Rocha
- Fishery and Agribusiness Resource Coordination (Coordenação de Recursos Pesqueiros e Agronegócio), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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