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Huang C, Gong X, Qin Y, Zhang L, Cai Y, Feng S, Zhang Y, Zhao Z. Risk assessment of China's Eastern Route of the South-to-north Water Diversion Project from the perspective of Phthalate Esters occurrence in the impounded lakes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134511. [PMID: 38772103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely utilized and can accumulate in lacustrine ecosystems, posing significant ecological and human health hazards. Most studies on PAEs focus on individual lakes, lacking a comprehensive and systematic perspective. In response, we have focused our investigation on characteristic lakes situated along the Eastern Route of the South-to-north Water Diversion Project (SNWDP-ER) in China. We have detected 16 PAE compounds in the impounded lakes of the SNWDP-ER by collecting surface water samples using solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography analysis. The concentration of PAEs were found to between 0.80 to 12.92 μg L-1. Among them, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most prevalent, with mean concentration of 1.56 ± 0.62 μg L-1 (48.44%), followed by Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), 0.64 ± 1.40 μg L-1 (19.87%). Spatial distribution showed an increasing trend in the direction of water flow. Retention of DEHP and DIBP has led to increased environmental risks. DEHP, Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) etc. determined by agriculture and human activities. Additionally, Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and DIBP mainly related to the use of agricultural products. To mitigate the PAEs risk, focusing on integrated management of the lakes, along with the implementation of stringent regulations to control the use of plasticizes in products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xionghu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shaoyuan Feng
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youliang Zhang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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de Lima LF, Goulart S, Martha GG, Lopes S, Antonelli M, Goldberg DW, Sandri S, Piccinin INL, Kolesnikovas CKM, Maraschin M. Detection of phthalate esters and targeted metabolome analysis in Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) blubber in the coast of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116598. [PMID: 38885576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The concerning of plastic pollution in different ecosystems has been worsened by the widespread presence. Phthalate esters (PAEs), plasticizers found in everyday products, can migrate into the environment, especially into the oceans. Researches on their effects on cetaceans are still rare. Metabolomics helps assess perturbations induced by exposure to PAEs, which act as persistent endocrine disruptors. Four PAEs (dimethyl phthalate - DMP, diethyl phthalate - DEP, dibutyl phthalate - DBP, and di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate - DEHP) were analyzed, along with cholesterol and fatty acid profiles of P. blainvillei's blubber samples collected in southern Brazil. The study reveals pervasive contamination by PAEs - especially DEHP, present in all samples - with positive correlations between DEP content and animal size and weight, as well as between the DEHP amount and the C17:1 fatty acid. These findings will be relevant to conservation efforts aimed at this threatened species and overall marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fazardo de Lima
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Suelen Goulart
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Giulia Galani Martha
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Susane Lopes
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Isadora Nicole Lara Piccinin
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Xu T, Chen J, Xia D, Tang W, Cui J, Liu C, Li S. Prediction model on hydrolysis kinetics of phthalate monoester: A density functional theory study. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:51-58. [PMID: 37778823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
As primary degradation products of phthalate esters, phthalate monoesters (MPEs) have been widely detected in various aquatic environments and drawn growing toxicological concerns. Hydrolysis kinetics that is of importance for assessing environmental persistence of chemicals remain elusive for MPEs. Herein, kinetics of base-catalyzed and neutral hydrolysis for 18 MPEs with different leaving groups was investigated by density functional theory calculation. Results indicate that MPEs with leaving groups having pKa of <10 prefer dissociative transition states. MPEs are more persistent than their parents, and their hydrolysis half-lives were calculated to vary from 3.4 min to 79.2 years (pH = 7-9). A quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed for predicting the hydrolysis kinetics parameters. It was found that pKa of the leaving groups and electronegativity of the MPEs are key factors determining the hydrolysis kinetics. This work may lay a theoretical foundation for better understanding the chemical process that governs MPE persistence in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weihao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Chun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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Kumari M, Pulimi M. Phthalate esters: occurrence, toxicity, bioremediation, and advanced oxidation processes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2090-2115. [PMID: 37186617 PMCID: wst_2023_119 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters are emerging pollutants, commonly used as plasticizers that are categorized as hazardous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). A rise in anthropogenic activities leads to an increase in phthalate concentration in the environment which leads to various adverse environmental effects and health issues in humans and other aquatic organisms. This paper gives an overview of the research related to phthalate ester contamination and degradation methods by conducting a bibliometric analysis with VOS Viewer. Ecotoxicity analysis requires an understanding of the current status of phthalate pollution, health impacts, exposure routes, and their sources. This review covers five toxic phthalates, occurrences in the aquatic environment, toxicity studies, biodegradation studies, and degradation pathways. It highlights the various advanced oxidation processes like photocatalysis, Fenton processes, ozonation, sonolysis, and modified AOPs used for phthalate removal from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kumari
- Centre of Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail:
| | - Mrudula Pulimi
- Centre of Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail:
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Occurrence and seasonal variation of plasticizers in sediments and biota from the coast of Mahdia, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48532-48545. [PMID: 36759412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers are compounds often involved in the manufacturing of plastic products. Nevertheless, the ageing of the latter generates plasticizers that generally end up in the marine environment. In fact, marine pollution by phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and their alternatives has become an environmental and health issue of serious concern, as they are largely and ubiquitously present in the environment and aquatic organisms. In the present study, four PAEs, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and one non-phthalate plasticizer (NPP), namely di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT), are wanted in different marine compartments from the coast of Mahdia in Tunisia such as sediment, seagrass, and mussel. The most abundant and frequently detected congener was DEHT at the concentrations reached 1.181 mg/kg in the sediment, 1.121 mg/kg in the seagrass, and 1.86 mg/kg in the mussel. This result indicates that the DEHT could emerge through the food chain and therefore bioaccumulate in marine compartments. In addition, we noticed that the seasonal variations of plasticizers were seriously affected by environmental factors including industrial and urban discharges.
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Ditlhakanyane BC, Ultra VU, Mokgosi MS. Microplastic load in the surface water and Tilapia sparrmanii (Smith, 1840) of the river systems of Okavango Delta, Botswana. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:572. [PMID: 35799016 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are 'emerging' contaminants that threatens freshwaters and may have negative impact on the aquatic organisms. However, Botswana has no information on the status of microplastics, including freshwater like the Okavango Delta- the largest, inland wetland hosting wildlife, tourism, and supporting the socio-economic lifestyle of inhabitants. This study assessed the spatial distribution and characterization of microplastics in surface water and in the digestive organs of fish (Tilapia sparrmanii) from the Okavango delta. Surface water samples (156) and whole intact fish (15) were collected and analysed for microplastic contents by wet peroxide oxidation, potassium hydroxide (fish only), density separation, extraction, and stereomicroscope identification. The weight of microplastics for surface water samples varied from 138.18 to 381.67 µg m-3 and abundance ranged from 10.18 to 22.67 items L-1 with significant difference observed between sites in both variables. In tilapia, the highest microplastic abundance were found in the intestines then the stomach and the gills from the fish samples. Most prevailing size ranges of microplastics in fish and water samples were 1-2 mm and 2-3 mm while the most abundant shapes were fragments and fibres, respectively. Translucent microplastics were dominant in all samples. The results indicate the presence of microplastics in the Okavango delta even though they are very low (µg m-3). This baseline information will provide insights on the loads of microplastics in surface water and the quantities ingested by fish in the Okavango delta hence the need for monitoring. It would also guide on the need for effective policies addressing plastic and microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venecio U Ultra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana.
| | - Mercy Serwalo Mokgosi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Selwe KP, Thorn JPR, Desrousseaux AOS, Dessent CEH, Sallach JB. Emerging contaminant exposure to aquatic systems in the Southern African Development Community. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:382-395. [PMID: 35020964 PMCID: PMC9304188 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growing production and use of chemicals and the resultant increase in environmental exposure is of particular concern in developing countries where there is rapid industrialization and population growth but limited information on the occurrence of emerging contaminants. Advances in analytical techniques now allow for the monitoring of emerging contaminants at very low concentrations with the potential to cause harmful ecotoxicological effects. Therefore, we provide the first critical assessment of the current state of knowledge about chemical exposure in waters of the Southern African Developmental Community (SADC). We achieved this through a comprehensive literature review and the creation of a database of chemical monitoring data. Of the 59 articles reviewed, most (n = 36; 61.0%) were from South Africa, and the rest were from Botswana (n = 6; 10.2%), Zimbabwe (n = 6; 10.2%), Malawi (n = 3; 5.1%), Mozambique (n = 3; 5.1%), Zambia (n = 2; 3.4%), Angola (n = 1; 1.7%), Madagascar (n = 1; 1.7%), and Tanzania (n = 1; 1.7%). No publications were found from the remaining seven SADC countries. Emerging contaminants have only been studied in South Africa and Botswana. The antiretroviral drug ritonavir (64.52 µg/L) was detected at the highest average concentration, and ibuprofen (17 times) was detected most frequently. Despite being the primary water source in the region, groundwater was understudied (only 13 studies). High emerging contaminant concentrations in surface waters indicate the presence of secondary sources of pollution such as sewage leakage. We identify research gaps and propose actions to assess and reduce chemical pollution to enable the SADC to address the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 3.9, to reduce the deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:382-395. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgato P. Selwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Jessica P. R. Thorn
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
- African Climate and Development InitiativeUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | | | - J. Brett Sallach
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
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Yao YC, Liu C, Wu LJ, Yuan XQ, Du YY, Li NJ, Guo N, Deng TR, Hua X, Teng XM, Yin L, Li YF. Associations between medication use and phthalate metabolites in urine and follicular fluid among women undergoing in vitro fertilization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112174. [PMID: 33773155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates, which are used as excipients of drugs, have been related to adverse reproductive outcomes. However, the relationships between medication use and phthalate exposure among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between the medication intake and phthalate metabolites in urine and follicular fluid (FF). METHOD Eight phthalate metabolites were measured in urine and FF samples from 274 women undergoing IVF using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Information on recent medication intake was obtained via interview by trained staff. We constructed generalized linear regression models to examine the associations of medication intake with phthalate metabolite concentrations and dose-response relationships between the number of medicines used and metabolite concentrations in two matrices. RESULTS Four of 10 drugs were used by more than 10% of the participants, including vitamins (23.0%), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM, 22.3%), antioxidants (12.4%) and amoxicillin (10.2%). Participants who had used TCM had 26.0% (95% CI: 0.0, 58.8%), 32.6% (95% CI: 4.2, 68.8%) and 32.3% (95% CI: 2.6, 70.6%) higher urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) concentrations, respectively, than those who had not. Antioxidant intake was associated with a 30.6% (95% CI: -48.5, -6.6%) decrease in the urinary MBP concentration. Compared with non-users, women who reported the use of medicines had 53.2% (95% CI: 2.7, 128.5%) higher concentrations of MMP and a 37.7% (95% CI: -60.7, -1.5%) lower level of MBP in FF, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the intake of some medications may increase phthalate exposure among women undergoing IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Cheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin-Jing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ni-Jie Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao-Ran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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Jebara A, Albergamo A, Rando R, Potortì AG, Lo Turco V, Mansour HB, Di Bella G. Phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in Tunisian marine samples: Occurrence, spatial distribution and seasonal variation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111967. [PMID: 33486405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seawater, sediment, seagrass and fish from several sites along the Tunisian coast were monitored for several phthalate esters (PAEs) and non-phthalate plasticizers (NPPs) during 2018-2019. In water and sediment, NPPs were higher than PAEs, being di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, 0.0717 and 4.59 μg/g), and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT, 0.634 and 2.42 μg/g) most abundant. As expected, sediments acted as a sink for plasticizers, thus revealing a stronger contamination than water. Seagrass was less contaminated than fish, being DEHP (0.726 and 1.77 μg/g) and DEHT (9.19 and 23.2 μg/g) predominant. Biota poorly concentrated/accumulated plasticizers from water and sediment depending on the logKoct/wat and water solubility of single congeners. The spatial distribution of plasticizers was affected by the proximity to anthropogenic sources and the rate of coastal currents; whereas their seasonal variation may be related to the length of time of touristic/industrial inputs and factors such as rainfall and urban stormwater runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Jebara
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental - APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental - APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina - Viale Annunziata, Messina, Italy
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The Assessment of the Sewage and Sludge Contamination by Phthalate Acid Esters (PAEs) in Eastern Europe Countries. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as raw materials for industries that are well known for their environmental contamination and toxicological effects as “endocrine disruptors”. The determining of PAE contamination was based on analysis of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in wastewater and sediment samples collected from city sewer systems of Lithuania and Poland, and Denmark for comparison. The potential PAE sources as well as their concentrations in the wastewater were analyzed and discussed. The intention of the study was to determine the level and key sources of pollution by phthalates in some Eastern European countries and to reveal the successful managerial actions to minimize PAEs taken by Denmark. Water and sludge samples were collected in 2019–2020 and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The highest contamination with phthalates in Lithuania can be attributed to DEHP: up to 63% of total PAEs in water samples and up to 94% of total PAEs in sludge samples, which are primarily used as additive compounds to plastics but do not react with them and are gradually released into the environment. However, in water samples in Poland, the highest concentration belonged to DMP—up to 210 μg/L, while the share of DEHP reached 15 μg/L. The concentrations of priority phthalate esters in the water samples reached up to 159 μg/L (DEHP) in Lithuania and up to 1.2 μg/L (DEHP) in Denmark. The biggest DEHP concentrations obtained in the sediment samples were 95 mg/kg in Lithuania and up to 6.6 mg/kg in Denmark. The dominant compounds of PAEs in water samples of Lithuania were DEHP > DEP > DiBP > DBP > DMP. DPP and DCHP concentrations were less than 0.05 μg/L. However, the distribution of PAEs in the water samples from Poland was as follows: DMP > DEHP > DEP > DBP, and DiBP, as well as DPP and DCHP, concentrations were less than 0.05 μg/L. Further studies are recommended for adequate monitoring of phthalates in wastewater and sludge in order to reduce or/and predict phthalates’ potential risk to hydrobiots and human health.
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Khalid M, Abdollahi M. Environmental Distribution of Personal Care Products and Their Effects on Human Health. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:216-253. [PMID: 34400954 PMCID: PMC8170769 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114891.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are generally used for personal hygiene, cleaning, grooming, and beautification. These include hair and skin care products, baby care products, UV blocking creams, facial cleansers, insect repellents, perfumes, fragrances, soap, detergents, shampoos, conditioners, toothpaste, etc., thus exposing humans easily. Personal preferences related to PCPs usage frequency are highly variable and depend on socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors. The increasing availability and diversity of PCPs from the retailer outlets consequently result in higher loading of PCPs into wastewater systems and, therefore, the environment. These compounds persistently and continuously release biologically active and inactive ingredients in the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and demonstrating adverse effects on human, wild, and marine life. Advanced techniques such as granular activated carbon filtration and algae-based system may help biotransformation and remove PCP contaminants from water with improved efficiency. Additionally, harmony among PCPs related regulations of different countries may encourage standard checks to control their manufacturing, sale, and distribution across the borders to ensure consumers' safety. Furthermore, all intended ingredients, their concentrations, and instructions for frequency of use as per age groups may be clearly labeled on packages of PCPs. In conclusion, the emerging environmental contaminants of PCPs and their association with the growing risks of negative effects on human health and globally on the environment emphasize the chemical-free simple lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Edwards TM, Mosie IJ, Moore BC, Lobjoit G, Schiavone K, Bachman RE, Murray-Hudson M. Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235667. [PMID: 32730271 PMCID: PMC7392303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Botswana's Okavango Delta is a World Heritage Site and biodiverse wilderness. In 2016-2018, following arrival of the annual flood of rainwater from Angola's highlands, and using continuous oxygen logging, we documented profound aquatic hypoxia that persisted for 3.5 to 5 months in the river channel. Within these periods, dissolved oxygen rarely exceeded 3 mg/L and dropped below 0.5 mg/L for up to two weeks at a time. Although these dissolved oxygen levels are low enough to qualify parts of the Delta as a dead zone, the region is a biodiversity hotspot, raising the question of how fish survive. In association with the hypoxia, histological samples, collected from native Oreochromis andersonii (threespot tilapia), Coptodon rendalli (redbreast tilapia), and Oreochromis macrochir (greenhead tilapia), exhibited widespread hepatic and splenic inflammation with marked granulocyte infiltration, melanomacrophage aggregates, and ceroid and hemosiderin accumulations. It is likely that direct tissue hypoxia and polycythemia-related iron deposition caused this pathology. We propose that Okavango cichlids respond to extended natural hypoxia by increasing erythrocyte production, but with significant health costs. Our findings highlight seasonal hypoxia as an important recurring stressor, which may limit fishery resilience in the Okavango as concurrent human impacts rise. Moreover, they illustrate how fish might respond to hypoxia elsewhere in the world, where dead zones are becoming more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M. Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ineelo J. Mosie
- Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana
| | - Brandon C. Moore
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Kelsie Schiavone
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Bachman
- Department of Chemistry, University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, United States of America
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Li YY, He W, Liu WX, Yang B, He QS, Yang C, Xu FL. Impacts of anthropogenic activities on spatial variations of phthalate esters in water and suspended particulate matter from China's lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138281. [PMID: 32272409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the largest developing country, China, plastic has become a serious environmental issue because of its overuse and non-treatment. In fact, plasticizers, such as phthalate esters (PAEs), are more toxic than plastic, and their global awareness is rising. To determine the response of sensitive PAE congeners to the anthropogenic activities in a typical lake ecosystem of China, in the present study, 12 PAEs in the water and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) phases of 46 lakes in China were measured. The concentrations of all the Σ12 PAEs in water and SPM phases ranged from 3.647 to 65.618 μg/L and 0.175 to 10.921 μg/L, respectively. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) was the predominant PAEs in the water phase, whereas diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), DnBP, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the dominating PAEs in the SPM phase. Forty-six lakes were divided into four groups based on the anthropogenic activity intensities. The PAEs in both the water and SPM phases had increasing tendency along the human activity gradient. DIBP appears to be a sensitive PAE indicator that could distinguish the lake regions with different human industrial and agricultural activities. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) are intensely affected by industrial development. DnBP and DEHP were positively correlated with agricultural activities, including the use of films and pesticides. It is suggested to control the addition and usage of PAEs in agricultural activities and improve their removal rates in industrial wastewater to reduce the PAE pollution in the water bodies in the environment management of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi-Shuang He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Liu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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