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Galter IN, Duarte ID, Malini M, Aragão FB, de Oliveira Martins I, Rocha LD, Carneiro MTWD, do Espírito Santo KS, de Oliveira David JA, Matsumoto EST. Water assessment of the Itapemirim River/Espírito Santo (Brazil): abiotic and toxicogenetic aspects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10175-10191. [PMID: 33170467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Itapemirim River is considered one of the most important water resources in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. However, environmental problems due to continuous anthropogenic contamination are threatening its potential use. This study assessed water quality by analyzing abiotic and toxicogenetic aspects of the water from four stations along the river. Samples were collected in both dry and rainy seasons. Most of the abiotic variables were below the threshold established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, and so were most of the metals. However, Al and Cu contents were above those allowed by legislation, ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 mg/L. Regarding toxicogenetic aspects, genotoxic effects were observed in meristematic cells of Allium cepa, in micronucleus test and comet assay of Oreochromis niloticus, and CHO-K1 cells. Mutagenic effects were significant at RI 02 (0.34), RI 03 (0.46), and RI 04 (0.12) stations on the first campaign in A. cepa F1 cells, compared to the negative control (0.0). The second campaign revealed the same results, but with the addition of samples from RI 01 (0.17) and RI 03 (0.18) showing mutagenicity in the micronucleus test with fish erythrocytes when compared to the negative control (0.3). Essentially, all the samples evaluated in both campaigns showed damage in A. cepa, O. niloticus, and CHO-K1 cells, thus demonstrating that the water quality of the Itapemirim River is compromised and requires action plans for its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasmini Nicoli Galter
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Breeding, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário Street, without number, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Ian Drumond Duarte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Maressa Malini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Francielen Barroso Aragão
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Ian de Oliveira Martins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Lívia Dorch Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Soares do Espírito Santo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - José Augusto de Oliveira David
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário Street, without number, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - E Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil
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Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:8814196. [PMID: 32831832 PMCID: PMC7422008 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate effluent treatment processes are expected to significantly reduce the toxicity of effluents before they are released to the natural environment. The present study was aimed to assess the spatial and temporal variations of the physical and chemical water quality parameters of a natural water body receiving treated textile effluents and to assess the chromosomal abnormalities induced by the treated textile effluents. Four sampling sites (A: effluent discharge point; B: 100 m downstream from site A along the tributary; C: 200 m downstream from site A along the tributary; D: 100 m upstream from site A along the tributary) were selected associated to a tributary that received treated textile effluent. The physical and chemical water quality parameters were measured in the composite water samples collected from the study sites, and Allium cepa bioassay was conducted using aged tap water as the control. Sampling was conducted in both rainy and dry seasons. The conductivity, TDS, COD, and colour intensity of the water samples collected from the study sites were significantly higher during the dry season compared to those in the rainy season. Allium cepa root meristematic cells exposed to water samples from sites A, B, and C showed a significantly high interphase and prophase indices compared to those exposed to aged tap water and upstream site during both rainy and dry seasons. The mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples collected from the effluent discharge point (site A) and from the 100 m downstream site from site A (site B) was significantly lower than that of the other sites in both rainy and dry seasons. However, the mitotic index of the root tip cells of Allium cepa bulbs exposed to the water samples from the upstream site was not significantly different from that of the control treatment during both sampling seasons. The bioassay indicated that the mitotic index and phase index of the root meristematic cells of Allium cepa can be affected by the treated textile effluents released to the water body and the occurrence of C metaphase, chromosomal adherence, bridges, disturbed anaphase, vagrant chromosomes, and chromosomal breaks indicated that the treated textile effluent receiving tributary can possibly contain genotoxic and mutagenic compounds which can induce chromosomal abnormalities.
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Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12145801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.
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