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Biney M, Gusiatin MZ. Biochar from Co-Pyrolyzed Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS): Part 2: Biochar Characterization and Application in the Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3850. [PMID: 39124513 PMCID: PMC11314058 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The disposal of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) from wastewater treatment plants poses a major environmental challenge due to the presence of inorganic and organic pollutants. Co-pyrolysis, in which MSS is thermally decomposed in combination with biomass feedstocks, has proven to be a promising method to immobilize inorganic pollutants, reduce the content of organic pollutants, reduce the toxicity of biochar and improve biochar's physical and chemical properties. This part of the review systematically examines the effects of various co-substrates on the physical and chemical properties of MSS biochar. This review also addresses the effects of the pyrolysis conditions (temperature and mixing ratio) on the content and stability of the emerging pollutants in biochar. Finally, this review summarizes the results of recent studies to provide an overview of the current status of the application of MSS biochar from pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis for the remediation of HM-contaminated soils. This includes consideration of the soil and heavy metal types, experimental conditions, and the efficiency of HM immobilization. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of MSS biochar for environmental sustainability and offers insights into future research directions for optimizing biochar applications in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Z. Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Biney M, Gusiatin MZ. Biochar from Co-Pyrolyzed Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS): Part 1: Evaluating Types of Co-Substrates and Co-Pyrolysis Conditions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3603. [PMID: 39063895 PMCID: PMC11278580 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing production of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) worldwide, the development of efficient and sustainable strategies for its management is crucial. Pyrolysis of MSS offers several benefits, including volume reduction, pathogen elimination, and energy recovery through the production of biochar, syngas, and bio-oil. However, the process can be limited by the composition of the MSS, which can affect the quality of the biochar. Co-pyrolysis has emerged as a promising solution for the sustainable management of MSS, reducing the toxicity of biochar and improving its physical and chemical properties to expand its potential applications. This review discusses the status of MSS as a feedstock for biochar production. It describes the types and properties of various co-substrates grouped according to European biochar certification requirements, including those from forestry and wood processing, agriculture, food processing residues, recycling, anaerobic digestion, and other sources. In addition, the review addresses the optimization of co-pyrolysis conditions, including the type of furnace, mixing ratio of MSS and co-substrate, co-pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heating rate, type of inert gas, and flow rate. This overview shows the potential of different biomass types for the upgrading of MSS biochar and provides a basis for research into new co-substrates. This approach not only mitigates the environmental impact of MSS but also contributes to the wider goal of achieving a circular economy in MSS management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Z. Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Usman M, Iqbal R, Zulfiqar F, Tariq A, Ditta A. Physicochemical properties and performance of non-woody derived biochars for the sustainable removal of aquatic pollutants: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142368. [PMID: 38763397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced from the partial combustion of different biomass residues. It can be used as a promising material for adsorbing pollutants from soil and water and promoting environmental sustainability. Extensive research has been conducted on biochars prepared from different feedstocks used for pollutant removal. However, a comprehensive review of biochar derived from non-woody feedstocks (NWF) and its physiochemical attributes, adsorption capacities, and performance in removing heavy metals, antibiotics, and organic pollutants from water systems needs to be included. This review revealed that the biochars derived from NWF and their adsorption efficiency varied greatly according to pyrolysis temperatures. However, biochars (NWF) pyrolyzed at higher temperatures (400-800 °C) manifested excellent physiochemical and structural attributes as well as significant removal effectiveness against antibiotics, heavy metals, and organic compounds from contaminated water. This review further highlighted why biochars prepared from NWF are most valuable/beneficial for water treatment. What preparatory conditions (pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heating rate, and gas flow rate) are necessary to design a desirable biochar containing superior physiochemical and structural properties, and adsorption efficiency for aquatic pollutants? The findings of this review will provide new research directions in the field of water decontamination through the application of NWF-derived adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 848300, China; College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minghang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 848300, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Fan Z, Zhou X, Peng Z, Wan S, Gao ZF, Deng S, Tong L, Han W, Chen X. Co-pyrolysis technology for enhancing the functionality of sewage sludge biochar and immobilizing heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137929. [PMID: 36682641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is a frequent and challenging issue for countries with big populations, due to its massive output, significant hazard potential, and challenging resource utilization. Pyrolysis can simultaneously realize the reduction, harmlessness and recycling of SS. Co-pyrolysis offers a wide range of potential in terms of increasing product quality and immobilizing heavy metals (HMs), thanks to its capacity to use additives to address the mismatch between SS characteristics and pyrolysis. High-value utilization potential of SS biochar is the key to evaluating the advancement of treatment technology. A further requirement for using biochar resources is the immobilization and bioavailability reduction of HMs. Due to the catalytic and synergistic effects in the co-pyrolysis process, co-pyrolysis SS biochar exhibits enhanced functionality and has been applied in soil improvement, pollutant adsorption and catalytic reactions. This review focuses on the research progress of different additives in improving the functionality of biochar and influencing the behavior of HMs. The key limitation and challenges in SS co-pyrolysis are then discussed. Future research prospects are detailed from seven perspectives, including pyrolysis process optimization, co-pyrolysis additive selection, catalytic mechanism research of process and product, biochar performance improvement and application field expansion, cooperative immobilization of HMs, and life cycle assessment. This review will offer recommendations and direction for future research paths, while also assist pertinent researchers in swiftly understanding the current state of SS pyrolysis research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Fan
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China.
| | - Xian Zhou
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Ziling Peng
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Sha Wan
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Zhuo Fan Gao
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Luling Tong
- Wuhan Planning & Design Institute, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Wei Han
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China.
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Zhang S, Gu W, Geng Z, Bai J, Dong B, Zhao J, Zhuang X, Shih K. Immobilization of heavy metals in biochar by co-pyrolysis of sludge and CaSiO 3. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116635. [PMID: 36399807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sludge pyrolysis has become an important method of sludge recycling. Stabilizing heavy metals in sludge is key to sludge recycling. Currently, research on the co-pyrolysis of sludge and industrial waste is limited. This study aims to explore the impact and mechanism of the co-pyrolysis of sludge and CaSiO3 (the main component of slag) and to achieve the concept of "treating waste with waste". To this end, we added different proportions of CaSiO3 (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) for the co-pyrolysis with sludge, and varied the pyrolysis temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 °C) and retention times (15, 30, 60, and 120 min) to study heavy-metal stabilization in sludge. Consequently, the optimum dosage of CaSiO3 required for the immobilization of different heavy metals was 9% (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr) and 15% (Ni). The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Ni in the stable state (oxidized and residual states) were 92.73%, 79.23%, 99.55%, 92.43% and 90.33% respectively. At a pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C, the steady-state proportions of Cr, Pb, and Zn were 88.12%, 90.21%, and 77.21%, respectively. At a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, the stable-Cu and -Ni contents were 97.21% and 99.43%, respectively. The optimal dwelling time was 15 min. The results showed that the CaSiO3 addition weakened the O-H stretching vibration peak intensity, promoted the formation of aromatic and epoxy ring structures, and enhanced the heavy-metal immobilization. Furthermore, the CaSiO3 decomposition during co-pyrolysis produced SiO2, CaO, and Ca(OH)2, which helped stabilize heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Weihua Gu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhixin Geng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Jianfeng Bai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Xuning Zhuang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering University of Hongkong, Pokfulam Road, Hongkong, China
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Maiti P, Siddiqi H, Kumari U, Chatterjee A, Meikap B. Adsorptive remediation of azo dye contaminated wastewater by ZnCl2 modified bio-adsorbent: Batch study and life cycle assessment. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Sadoun AK, Gebreil A, Eltabey RM, Kospa DA, Ahmed AI, Ibrahim AA. Silver sulfide decorated carbonaceous sawdust/ES-PANI composites as salt-resistant solar steam generator. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28843-28852. [PMID: 36320508 PMCID: PMC9552864 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar steam generation (SSG) is a potential approach for resolving the global water and energy crisis while causing the least amount of environmental damage. However, using adaptable photothermal absorbers with salt resistance through a simple, scalable, and cost-effective production approach is difficult. Herein, taking advantage of the ultra-fast water transportation in capillaries, and the large seawater storage capacity of wood, we develop a highly efficient natural evaporator. The wood wastes (sawdust) were carbonized at low temperatures to fabricate a green and low-cost carbonaceous porous material (CW). To enhance the salt resistance in high saline water, this evaporator was coated with polyaniline emeraldine salt (ES-PANI) which was synthesized through facile and cost-effective one-step oxidation of aniline. Furthermore, the composite was decorated with silver sulfide to increase the evaporation rate which reached up to 1.1 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun irradiation with 91.5% efficiency. Besides, the evaporator performs exceptionally well over 10 cycles due to the salt resistance capability of ES-PANI which generates a “Donnan exclusion” effect against cations in saline water. The Ag2S@PANI/CW evaporator may be a viable large-scale generator of drinking water due to its high efficiency for energy conversion, simple and low-cost fabrication approach, salt-resistance, and durability. Solar steam generation (SSG) is a potential approach for resolving the global water and energy crisis while causing the least amount of environmental damage.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Sadoun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAl-Mansoura 35516Egypt+20-1091313272
| | - Ahmed Gebreil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAl-Mansoura 35516Egypt+20-1091313272,Nile Higher Institutes of Engineering and TechnologyEl-MansouraEgypt
| | - Rania M. Eltabey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAl-Mansoura 35516Egypt+20-1091313272
| | - Doaa A. Kospa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAl-Mansoura 35516Egypt+20-1091313272
| | - Awad I. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAl-Mansoura 35516Egypt+20-1091313272
| | - Amr Awad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAl-Mansoura 35516Egypt+20-1091313272
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8
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Min X, Ge T, Li H, Shi Y, Fang T, Sheng B, Li H, Dong X. Combining impregnation and co-pyrolysis to reduce the environmental risk of biochar derived from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133371. [PMID: 34952014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge derived biochar has great potential for agricultural application, whereas the risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge is a key challenge for utilization. This study investigated the synergetic effect of co-pyrolysis and ZnCl2 impregnation treatment on the surface characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge derived biochar. It was concluded that ZnCl2 impregnation led to an increase in biochar yield, O and S content, but decrease the ash content and pH. Additionally, the thermal stability of ZnCl2-added biochar was decreased. Semi-quantitive specific functional groups analysis suggested that ZnCl2 impregnation had a negative effect on the content of CO and C-O, while promoted the formation of aromatic CC. And the functional group of CO was retained in biochar by co-pyrolysis with Camellia oleifera shell due to its high content of potassium. For heavy metal passivation, ZnCl2 impregnation decreased total content of heavy metals by chlorination, while the oxidizable fraction (F3) of heavy metals showed an increasing tendency. Results of potential ecological risk assessment indicated that combining ZnCl2 impregnation and co-pyrolysis had great potential to reduce the ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge derived biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Ge
- Anhui Institute of Geological Experiment, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Bixuan Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Huaiyan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xinju Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40292, Kentucky, USA
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Xie Y, Zhou G, Huang X, Cao X, Ye A, Deng Y, Zhang J, Lin C, Zhang R. Study on the physicochemical properties changes of field aging biochar and its effects on the immobilization mechanism for Cd 2+ and Pb 2. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113107. [PMID: 34959014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that biochar can be used as a cost-effective amendment to immobilize of heavy metal contaminants in soil. While less research has been conducted on effect of biochar long-term field aging on its properties and the adsorption capability. In this study, the characteristics of aged biochar were investigated by comprehensive characterization to elucidate its mechanism transformation for heavy metal immobilization. Our results showed that, compared to fresh biochar, the relative content of C of aged biochar was reduced by 34.12%, while O was increased by 8.79%. Additionally, the specific surface area, pore volume, pore size and oxygen-containing functional groups of aged biochar were significantly increased compared to the fresh biochar. Batch adsorption experiment indicated that the maximum adsorption for Cd2+ (Qm = 32.157 mg/g) and Pb2+ (Qm = 39.216 mg/g) on aged biochar surface was much larger than that of Cd2+ (Qm = 7.573 mg/g) and Pb2+ (Qm = 8.134 mg/g) on fresh biochar. The underlying adsorption mechanisms for Cd2+ and Pb2+ on fresh biochar were dominated by coprecipitation, cation exchange and cation-π interaction, whereas surface complexation and cation exchange appeared to be more vital for aged biochar, as more active adsorption sites and Oxygen-containing functional groups were formed on its surface during aging, which was well explained by BET, XPS, FTIR and Elemental Analysis. Our study found that the physicochemical properties of biochar changed significantly during field aging. Although these changes increased the adsorption of heavy metals by biochar, the reduced stability of biochar to passivated heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Xie
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
| | - Guolin Zhou
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Xingxue Huang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Xiupeng Cao
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
| | - Anhua Ye
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Yaohua Deng
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China
| | - Chufa Lin
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Runhua Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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Li Y, Yu H, Liu L, Yu H. Application of co-pyrolysis biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126655. [PMID: 34329082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has been considered as a serious threat to the environment and human in the past decades due to its toxic and unbiodegradable properties. Recently, extensive studies have been carried out on the removal of heavy metals, and various adsorption materials have been successfully developed. Among, biochar is a promising option because of its advantages of various biomass sources, abundant microporous channels and surface functional groups, as well as its attractive economic feasibility. However, the application of pristine biochar is limited by its low adsorption capacity and nonregenerative property. Co-pyrolysis biochar, produced from the pyrolysis of biomass with the addition of another biomass or non-biomass precursor, is potential in overcoming the limitation of pristine biochar and achieving superior performance for heavy metal adsorption and immobilization. Therefore, this article summarizes the recent advances in development and applications of co-pyrolysis biochar for adsorption and immobilization of various heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. In details, the production, characteristics and advantages of co-pyrolysis biochar are initially presented. Subsequently, the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of different heavy metals (including Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, As, etc.) in flue gas and wastewater by co-pyrolysis biochar are reviewed, as well as factors influencing their adsorption capacities. Meanwhile, the immobilization of heavy metals in both biochar itself and contaminated soils by co-pyrolysis biochar is discussed. Finally, the limitations of current studies and future prospects are proposed. It aims at providing a guideline for the exploitation and application of cost-effective and environmental-friendly co-pyrolysis biochar in the decontamination of environmental substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Han Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lina Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongbing Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Du H, Zhong Z, Zhang B, Zhao D, Lai X, Wang N, Li J. Comparative study on intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modified kaolin for heavy metals immobilization during high-organic solid waste pyrolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130714. [PMID: 33964742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the new municipal solid waste classification policy implemented in China, attention on achieving the waste-to-energy disposal of "dry waste" has been growing. Pyrolysis conversion of organic waste into value-added chemicals is a promising method to treat solid waste. However, after removing the non-combustible components of "dry waste", the obtained high-organic solid waste (HSW) contains various heavy metals, which requires urgent attention during thermochemical conversion. To mitigate heavy metals risk, kaolin was employed as additive during HSW pyrolysis, and intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modifications were performed on the kaolin to further immobilize and stabilize heavy metals in the derived chars. The characterization results illustrated that the interlayer spacing, pore volume and diameter of kaolin were expanded after intercalation-exfoliation modification, providing more opportunities for the adsorption of metals. The thermal activation method favored the transformation of kaolin into metakaolin via dehydroxylation to enhance its nonhexacoordinated Al proportion and chemisorption. During 450-650 °C, kaolin exhibited an effective solid enrichment performance for targeting heavy metals, and the intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modification further enhanced the adsorption capacity of the kaolin for Cd, Cr, Pb and Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, respectively. Compared with Cu and Zn, additives demonstrated better stabilization effects for Cd, Pb, and Cr, transforming more bioavailable fractions to the residual speciation. Overall, a higher pyrolytic temperature (650 °C) and the addition of effective additives could simultaneously increase the residual fraction and decrease the bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in HSW-derived chars, reducing the potential ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Du
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Deqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, PR China
| | - Xudong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Ningbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Jiefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
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Liu L, Huang L, Huang R, Lin H, Wang D. Immobilization of heavy metals in biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and calcium sulfate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123648. [PMID: 32835990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) dosage (mass ratio of CaSO4 to sludge), pyrolysis temperature and holding time on speciation distribution of Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn in biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and CaSO4 were investigated. The appropriate CaSO4 dosages for better immobilization of different heavy metals were 0.075 (Cr), 0.025 (Pb), 0.025 (Cu), 0.025 (Ni), and 0.01(Zn), respectively. The corresponding proportions of heavy metals in stable state (oxidizable and residue fractions) were 96.99%, 89.23%, 99.55%, 87.43%, and 54.33%. The high pyrolysis temperature (750 °C) was conducive to immobilization of Cr, Pb and Zn, while the percentages of Cu and Ni in stable state were higher at low pyrolysis temperature (350 °C). The suitable holding time was 60 min (Cr, Cu) and 15 min (Pb, Ni and Zn), respectively. The characterization of samples showed that suitable pyrolysis temperature and holding time could promote the formation of crystals and spherical or ellipsoidal particles in biochar, and pyrolysis of aliphatic to form more mesopores and macropores, resulting in immobilization of more heavy metals. During co-pyrolysis process, CaSO4 was easily decomposed and generated CaS, CaO, CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2, which were beneficial to the immobilization of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Dunqiu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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Kończak M, Oleszczuk P. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and biomass in carbon dioxide as a carrier gas affects the total and leachable metals in biochars. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123144. [PMID: 32947747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The total and available (water extracted) content of selected metal were determined in co-pyrolyzed SSL with willow (8:2, 6:2 w/w) at 500, 600, and 700 °C using two different carrier gases (N2 or CO2). The study investigated the relationship of metal content and bioavailability to toxicity of biochars towards bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), plants (Lepidium sativum), and arthropods (Folsomia candida). For the biochar produced at a ratio of 6:4 (SSL:willow), the content of most metals significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) from 5.9% to 28.9%. Co-pyrolysis of SSL with willow decreased water extractable metal concentrations (Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) from 8.0% to 100%. The CO2 resulted from 6 to 200 % increase (P ≤ 0.05) of metal content relative to the biochar pyrolyzed in N2. An increase in pyrolysis temperature caused a higher concentration of the metals in the biochars. The available content of most metals decreased from 9 to 100 %. The adverse effect of these biochars on living organisms was reduced due to a stronger binding of the metals (especially Cu and Cd) with the biochar matrix. The negative impact of Cd, Cr, and Cu on living organisms was also confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kończak
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2cd Kraśnicka Ave, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Unravelling the Environmental Application of Biochar as Low-Cost Biosorbent: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this age, a key target for enhancing the competitiveness of the chemical, environmental and biotechnology industries is to manufacture high-value products more efficiently and especially with significantly reduced environmental impact. Under this premise, the conversion of biomass waste to a high-value added product, biochar, is an interesting approach under the circular economy principles. Thus, the improvements in the biochar production and its new and innovative uses are hot points of interest, which are the focus of vast efforts of the scientific community. Biochar has been recognized as a material of great potential, and its use as an adsorbent is becoming a reliable strategy for the removal of pollutants of different streams, according to its high adsorption capacity and potential to eliminate recalcitrant compounds. In this review, a succinct overview of current actions developed to improve the adsorption capability of biochar, mainly of heavy metal and organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products), is summarized and discussed, and the principal adsorption mechanisms are described. The feedstock and the production procedure are revealed as key factors that provide the appropriate physicochemical characteristics for the good performance of biochar as an adsorbent. In addition, the modification of the biochar by the different described approaches proved their feasibility and became a good strategy for the design of selective adsorbents. In the last part of this review, the novel prospects in the regeneration of the biochar are presented in order to achieve a clean technology for alleviating the water pollution challenge.
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