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Ugulu I, Sahin I, Khan ZI, Akcicek E. Source Identification of Potentially Toxic Metals in Plants of Alpine Ecosystems of Mt. Madra by Positive Matrix Factorization. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 113:29. [PMID: 39152315 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in plants sampled from Mt. Madra were investigated. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics and source identification of potentially toxic metals were investigated with the application of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) modelling. Samples of 26 different plant species were taken from Mt. Madra at elevations ranging from 177 to 1347 m using the multi-point sampling approach. The metal quantities measured by ICP-OES are the following sequences (mean ± SD) (mg/kg): Fe (974.96 ± 29.6) > Mn (111.81 ± 2.6) > Zn (27.28 ± 0.2) > Ni (2.17 ± 0.03) > Pb (0.77 ± 0.01) > Cd (0.12 ± 0.01). According to the plant samples in which the highest values were determined, the metals are as follows: Cd (Lathyrus laxiflorus, 0.401 mg/kg), Fe (Ajuga orientalis, 7621.207 mg/kg), Mn (Castanea sativa, 724.927 mg/kg), Ni (Prunella laciniata, 6.947 mg/kg), Pb (Crataegus stevenii, 3.955 mg/kg) and Zn (Prunella laciniata, 50.802 mg/kg). The results of the PMF model showed that Cd had an atmospheric transport factor originated and transported from industrial activites, Ni had a substrate factor, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were influenced by different anthropogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Sahin
- Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ekrem Akcicek
- Faculty of Education, Kutahya Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Kong X, Liu Y, Duan Z, Lv J. Bayesian multivariate receptor model and convolutional neural network to identify quantitative sources and spatial distributions of potentially toxic elements in soils: A case study in Qingzhou City, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135184. [PMID: 39024766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Determining sources and spatial distributions of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a crucial issue of soil pollution survey. However, uncertainty estimation for source contributions remains lack, and accurate spatial prediction is still challenging. Robust Bayesian multivariate receptor model (RBMRM) was applied to the soil dataset of Qingzhou City (8 PTEs in 429 samples), to calculate source contributions with uncertainties. Multi-task convolutional neural network (MTCNN) was proposed to predict spatial distributions of soil PTEs. RBMRM afforded three sources, consistent with US-EPA positive matrix factorization. Natural source dominated As, Cr, Cu, and Ni contents (78.5 %∼86.1 %), and contributed 37.1 %, 61.0 %, and 65.9 % of Cd, Pb, and Zn, exhibiting low uncertainties with uncertainty index (UI) < 26.7 %. Industrial, traffic, and agricultural sources had significant influences on Cd, Pb, and Zn (30.2 %∼61.9 %), with UI < 39.3 %. Hg originated dominantly from atmosphere deposition (99.1 %), with relatively high uncertainties (UI=87.7 %). MTCNN acquired satisfactory accuracies, with R2 of 0.357-0.896 and nRMSE of 0.092-0.366. Spatial distributions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were influenced by parent materials. Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn showed significant hotspot in urban area. This work conducted a new approach exploration, and practical implications for soil pollution regulation were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Business School, University of Ji'nan, Ji'nan 250022, China
| | - Zongqi Duan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, China.
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Mumtaz M, Ahmad K, Memona H, Akhtar S, Ashfaq A. Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Citrus Limetta & Citrus Sinensis Irrigated by Wastewater. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 113:5. [PMID: 38980525 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different irrigation sources on the levels of potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn) in the edibles of citrus fruits (Citrus sinensis and Citrus limetta). The samples of fruit, soil and water were collected from two locations (fresh water irrigated-FW I and sewage water irrigated-SW II) within the city of Sargodha. The samples utilized in the study for metal analysis were prepared utilizing the wet acid digestion method. Metal determination was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The potentially toxic metal values in the citrus samples ranged from 0.010 to 0.063, 0.015 to 0.293, 6.691 to 11.342 and 0.366 to 0.667 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn, respectively. Analysis of Citrus limetta and Citrus sinensis indicated that the highest concentration of Cr, Fe and Mn is observed at the sewage water irrigation site (SW-II), whilst the minimum levels of Cr, Fe and Mn were observed at the fresh water irrigation site (FW-I). The results show that the levels of these metals in soil and fruit samples meet the acceptable guidelines outlined by USEPA and WHO. It was found that the metal pollution constitutes a potential threat to human health due to the HRI values for Cd, Cr, and Fe being above 1, despite the DIM values being below 1. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is highly recommended in order to minimise health risks to individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Special Education Department, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Memona
- Department of Zoology, Queen Marry College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Orellana-Mendoza E, Camel V, Yallico L, Quispe-Coquil V, Cosme R. Effect of fertilization on the accumulation and health risk for heavy metals in native Andean potatoes in the highlands of Perú. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:594-606. [PMID: 38813462 PMCID: PMC11135040 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil infertility is a global problem, amendments such as organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers are used to improve crop yields. However, these fertilizers contain heavy metals as well as essential mineral elements. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in tubers. The plants were cultivated at an altitude of 3970 m using four treatments (poultry manure, alpaca manure, island guano and inorganic fertilizer) and a control group. Soil contamination levels and the degree of metal accumulation in the tubers were also determined. As a result, it was found that the use of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure increased the values of Cu and Zn in soils, exceeding the recommended standards. The accumulation of heavy metals in potato tubers did not exceed the maximum recommended limits with the exception of Pb, which exceeded the limit allowed by the FAO/WHO (0.1 mg kg-1). Poultry manure contributed to the highest accumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb in tubers with 11.62±1.30, 3.48±0.20 and 0.12 ±0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The transfer of metals from the soil to the tubers was less than 1. Individual and total non-carcinogenic risk values were less than 1, indicating a safe level of consumption for children and adults. The cancer risk was found to be within an acceptable range. However, poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments had the highest total cancer risk values in both age groups, suggesting a long-term carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Orellana-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú; Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909-4089, Huancayo 12006, Peru
| | - Vladimir Camel
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad César Vallejo, Lima, Peru
| | - Luz Yallico
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Violeta Quispe-Coquil
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Roberto Cosme
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru
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Cai S, Shen Z, Zhou S, Wang Q, Cheng J, Yan X, Tan M, Tu G, Cen Y. Health risk assessment and potential sources of metals in riparian soils of the Wujiang River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:106. [PMID: 38446315 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In order to understand the pollution status of metals in the riparian soils along the Wujiang River, 26 sampling sites in the mainstream and tributary streams were selected for investigation. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index, and potential ecological risk index were applied to evaluate the contamination status and ecological risks of metals. Results revealed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 12.20, 0.51, 84.01, 57.42, 922.57, 38.37, 38.06, and 127.82 mg/kg, respectively. The metal contamination degree and ecological risks in the upper reaches were significantly higher than those in the middle and lower reaches of the Wujiang River. Cd was the dominant contamination metal. Significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of metals were found in children based on the hazard index and carcinogenic risk. As was the main non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic pollutant metal in both adults and children. According to principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression, anthropogenic sources (mining and agricultural activities) contributed most to Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Ni, with contribution rates of 89.14, 82.32, 74.46, 72.12, 68.52, and 61.02%, respectively. Natural sources contributed most to Mn, with a contribution rate of 83.07%. Unidentified sources contributed most to As, with a contribution rate of 47.27%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenwen Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Ziwei Shen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinghe Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junwei Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiong Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mingjie Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guojing Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Cen
- College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Bibi S, Ahmad K, Munir M, Memona H. Evaluation of the Effects of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetables and Human Health in the Cauliflower Example : Heavy Metal Accumulation in Cauliflower. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:44. [PMID: 38416161 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The goals of the present research were to determine the heavy metal contents in the water-soil-cauliflower samples in industrial wastewater irrigated areas and to assess the health risks of these metals to the people. Metal analyses were carried out using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace. The metal readings in the cauliflower specimens ranged from 1.153 to 1.389, 0.037 to 0.095, 0.61 to 0.892, 0.625 to 0.921, 1.165 to 2.399, 0.561 to 0.652, 0.565 to 0.585, 0.159 to 0.218 and 1.268 to 1.816 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively. Statistics revealed that, with the exception of Pb and Co (p > 0.05), there was no statistically significant variation in the metal concentrations in the cauliflower samples according to the irrigation type. Pb, Ni, and Cr had HRI values below 1.0 and did not seem to be a hazard to human health, in contrast to Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, which glanced to constitute a health risk. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is strongly advised to reduce health hazards to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Special Education Department, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Zafar I Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Memona
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Queen Mary College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Parus A, Ciesielski T, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Ławniczak Ł, Janeda M, Ślachciński M, Radzikowska-Kujawska D, Owsianiak M, Marecik R, Loibner AP, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. Critical evaluation of the performance of rhamnolipids as surfactants for (phyto)extraction of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn from copper smelter-affected soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168382. [PMID: 37963537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are biosurfactants produced by bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas genus. They are discussed to complex heavy metal cations stronger than cations of Fe, Ca, Mg. It is therefore suggested to employ rhamnolipids in phytoextraction where their addition to soil should result in preferential complexation of heavy metals that can be taken up by plants, thus enabling rapid and ecological clean-up of contaminated soil. In order to test this concept, we evaluated the rhamnolipid-mediated phytoextraction of heavy metal from soil collected from the vicinity of a copper smelter. The following aspects were investigated: i) selectivity of rhamnolipids towards Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Fe during soil washing; ii) phytoextraction efficiency of each ion with respect to the effective concentration of rhamnolipids; iii) possible phytotoxic effects; iv) effect of micro-sized polystyrene amendment. The experiments evaluated soil washing efficiency, BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction to determine the impact of rhamnolipids on the mobility of metal ions, phytoextraction with maize (Zea mays L.) and phytotoxic effects based on dry matter, chlorophyll fluorescence and content. The obtained results indicated that rhamnolipids lack desired selectivity towards heavy metal ions as Fe was complexed more efficiently by 80 % of the available rhamnolipids compared to priority pollutants like Zn, Cu, Pb, which were complexed by only 20 % of the tested rhamnolipids. With increased concentration of rhamnolipids, the soil washing efficiency increased and shifted in favour of Fe, reaching values of approx. 469 mg for Fe and only 118 mg in total of all tested heavy metals. Phytoextraction also favoured the accumulation of Fe, while Cd was not removed from the soil even at the highest applied rhamnolipid concentrations. Considering the selectivity of rhamnolipids and the costs associated with their production, our results suggest the need to search for other alternative (bio)surfactants with better selectivity and lower price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parus
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60 - 965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Ciesielski
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60 - 965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak-Karczewska
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60 - 965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60 - 965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Janeda
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60 - 965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Ślachciński
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60 - 965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Radzikowska-Kujawska
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Owsianiak
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Environmental and Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roman Marecik
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andreas P Loibner
- Department IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60 - 965 Poznan, Poland; Department IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Bashir H, Mehmood N, Zafar A. Arsenic Levels and Seasonal Variation in Pasture Soil, Forage and Horse Blood Plasma in Central Punjab, Pakistan. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:64. [PMID: 37904063 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the accumulation levels of arsenic in pasture soil, forage and animals. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of metals in the samples of soil, forage and blood plasma of horses. The level of arsenic ranged between 4.26 mg/kg (summer) and 4.66 mg/kg (winter) in soil samples and 2.67 mg/kg (summer) and 2.94 mg/kg (winter) in forage samples. In blood plasma samples, the mean arsenic (As) values varied between 1.38 and 1.52 mg/L. In the blood plasma samples, the mean As values varied between 1.38 and 1.52 mg/L. No statistically significant changes were observed for arsenic concentrations in plasma samples of horses for sampling seasons (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was observed for forage and blood plasma to a certain degree for arsenic but for other media, arsenic correlations were negative and insignificant. It is therefore suggested that regular monitoring of heavy metals in soils/plants/animals is essential to prevent excessive build-up of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zafar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Soroczyńska J, Socha K, Zujko ME. Are Chokeberry Products Safe for Health? Evaluation of the Content of Contaminants and Health Risk. Foods 2023; 12:3271. [PMID: 37685204 PMCID: PMC10487231 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of chokeberry fruit have been confirmed in numerous scientific studies. It has been shown that the consumption of these fruits, due to the high content of bioactive compounds, has beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to having hypolipemic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, different conditions and methods of fruit cultivation, as well as methods of juice and fiber production, may result in a high content of toxic substances, which reduce the health value of chokeberry products. Many substances are environmental pollutants. In this study, for the first time, we examined the content of toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb), nitrates, and nitrites in all chokeberry juices (organic, conventional, from concentrate, and not from fruit concentrate) without additives and in all chokeberry fibers available in Poland. In addition, risk indicators of adverse health effects were calculated. The median content of the contaminants tested in juices was 0.461 µg/kg for As, 1.170 µg/kg for Cd, 0.427 µg/kg for Hg, 1.404 µg/kg for Pb, 4.892 mg/kg for NO2-, and 41.788 mg/kg for NO3-. These values did not exceed the permissible standards for the calculated indicators. There were also no statistically significant differences in the content of Cd, Hg, and Pb, as well as nitrates (III) and nitrates (V), in the tested juices depending on the method of cultivation and juice production. However, statistically significant differences in As content were found between juices from conventional and organic cultivation (1.032 µg/kg vs. 0.458 µg/kg) and juices from concentrate and not from concentrate (1.164 µg/kg vs. 0.460 µg/kg). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to impurities in fibers. It is shown that the consumption of chokeberry juice and fiber in the amount normally consumed does not pose a health risk associated with the intake of toxic substances; in the case of long-term fiber consumption, the Pb content should be monitored. In particular, organic juices and those not from fruit concentrate are recommended due to the lower As content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Jolanta Soroczyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (J.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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Ugulu I, Bibi S, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Munir M, Malik IS. Does Industrial Wastewater Irrigation Cause Potentially Toxic Metal Contamination and Risk to Human Health? Sugar Industry Wastewater and Radish Examples. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:109. [PMID: 37301784 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to appraise potentially toxic metal contents in the soil-radish system in industrial wastewater irrigated areas. The analysis of metals in water, soil and radish samples were performed with spectrophotometric method. The potentially toxic metal values in the wastewater irrigated radish samples were ranged from 1.25 to 1.41, 0.02 to 0.10, 0.77 to 0.81, 0.72 to 0.80, 0.92 to 1.19, 0.69 to 0.78, 0.08 to 0.11, 1.64 to 1.67 and 0.49 to 0.63 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively. The potentially toxic metal values in the soil and radish samples irrigated with wastewater were lower than the maximum allowable limits, except for Cd. The results of the Health Risk Index evaluation conducted in this study also showed that the accumulations of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Zn, especially Cd, pose a health risk in terms of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Special Education Department, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar I Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ifra S Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Ugulu I, Bibi S, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Munir M, Malik IS. Potentially Toxic Metal Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Irrigated with Industrial Wastewater and Health Risk Assessment from Consumption. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1117-1125. [PMID: 35984458 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the potentially toxic metal contents in soil and spinach samples in areas irrigated with industrial wastewater and to evaluate the potentially toxic metal accumulation in spinach samples according to pollution indices. Water, soil and spinach samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer AAS-300). In this study, it was determined that the potentially toxic metal values in the spinach samples irrigated with groundwater and sugar industry wastewater varied between 1.59 and 1.84, 0.22-0.68, 0.56-1.14, 1.41-1.56, 1.62-3.23, 0.57-1.02, 0.86-1.33, 0.20-0.32 and 0.35-2.10 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively. It was concluded that the difference between the metal values in the spinach samples according to the irrigation sources was statistically significant, except for Cu and Pb (p > 0.05). According to the results of this study, there is no health risk for Pb, Co and Cr with HRI values below 1.0, while there is a risk for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn. The much higher HRI values of Cd than 1 (196.8 and 169.6) suggested that this metal is likely to cause significant health problems in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar I Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ifra S Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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He H, Peng M, Ru S, Hou Z, Li J. A suitable organic fertilizer substitution ratio could improve maize yield and soil fertility with low pollution risk. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988663. [PMID: 36172558 PMCID: PMC9511403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizer substitution (OFS) is an effective strategy for reducing the chemical fertilizer usage; however, the effects of different OFS ratios (OFSRs) on maize yield, soil fertility, and heavy metal pollution risk are still unclear. Therefore, determining a suitable OFSR is important. Through the pot experiment, no fertilizer (CK) and organic fertilizer substituting 0% (CF, chemical fertilizer alone), 8% (OF8), 16% (OF16), and 24% (OF24) of the chemical N fertilizer were set to investigate the effects of different OFSRs on maize growth and yield, soil properties (available nutrients, carbon fractions, and carbon pool indices), and nutrients and heavy metals in grain and soil. The results showed that OF8, OF16, and OF24 improved soil fertility by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC, by 10.05-16.26%) and its fractions, most middle- and micro-nutrients content, and carbon pool management index (CPMI, by 17.45-30.31%) compared with CF, while improving grain nutritional quality. However, they increased heavy metals content in grain and soil and their Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (NCPI, by 4.06-16.56% in grain and 2.55-5.57% in soil) but did not cause pollution. Among them, throughout the growth period, only OF8 treatment increased soil available nitrogen (AN), phosphorus (AP), and potassium (AK) content by 3.04-11.15%, 7.11-8.05%, and 0.12-6.05%, respectively, compared with CF, which thus significantly promoted maize growth and increased yield (by 35.65%); the NCPI of grain and soil was however lower than that OF16 and OF24. In conclusion, substitution ratio of 8% was considered ideal for promoting maize growth, improving yield and soil fertility, with a low pollution risk. The results of this study would aid in guiding the scientific application of OFS technology to agricultural production, thereby contributing to resource utilization of organic waste and sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mengwen Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sibo Ru
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhenan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Bojtor C, Mousavi SMN, Illés Á, Golzardi F, Széles A, Szabó A, Nagy J, Marton CL. Nutrient Composition Analysis of Maize Hybrids Affected by Different Nitrogen Fertilisation Systems. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121593. [PMID: 35736744 PMCID: PMC9228499 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most widely used plants in the agricultural industry, and the fields of application of this plant are broad. The experiment was conducted at the Látókép Crop Production Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen, Hungary. Three mid-ripening maize hybrids with different FAO numbers were used in the present study. The effects of different nitrogen supplies were examined as a variable rate of abiotic stress and the interrelationship among the essential nutrients through the nutrient acquisition and partitioning of the different vegetative and generative plant parts. The results showed that NPK application compared to the control treatment (no fertilizer application) increased DM in all tissues of maize, while increasing nitrogen application from 120 to 300 kg ha−1 had no significant effect on this trait. The highest protein content was obtained with the nitrogen application of 120 kg ha−1, and the higher nitrogen fertilizer application had no significant effect on this trait. Seeds and leaves had a maximum zinc and manganese value in terms of nitrogen content (protein). Dry matter was positively correlated with nitrogen, potassium, and manganese content, while the dry matter had a negative correlation with nickel content. In general, to achieve a maximum quantitative and qualitative yield, it is recommended to use NPK fertilizer with a rate of 120 kg ha−1 N for maize cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Bojtor
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.M.N.M.); (Á.I.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (J.N.); (C.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.M.N.M.); (Á.I.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (J.N.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Árpád Illés
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.M.N.M.); (Á.I.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (J.N.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Farid Golzardi
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj P.O. Box 31585-4119, Iran;
| | - Adrienn Széles
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.M.N.M.); (Á.I.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (J.N.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Atala Szabó
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.M.N.M.); (Á.I.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (J.N.); (C.L.M.)
| | - János Nagy
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.M.N.M.); (Á.I.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (J.N.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Csaba L. Marton
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (S.M.N.M.); (Á.I.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (J.N.); (C.L.M.)
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, 2 Brunszvik St., H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
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Akhter P, Khan ZI, Hussain MI, Ahmad K, Farooq Awan MU, Ashfaq A, Chaudhry UK, Fahad Ullah M, Abideen Z, Almaary KS, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS. Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil and Garlic Influenced by Waste-Derived Organic Amendments. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060850. [PMID: 35741371 PMCID: PMC9220309 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The utilization of organic wastes, for example, poultry waste, sugarcane press mud, and farmyard manure is extremely common among farmers from South Asia including Pakistan. We assess the biochemical nature and dietary benefit for plants and record the presence of heavy metals in garlic following cultivation in a soil amended with these organic wastes. Present investigation showed the grouping of toxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals with a particular link to their source of origin and highlight the hazard of some of them for public health through their excessive utilization. Selecting appropriate manure can significantly reduce health risks for humans. Abstract In South Asia, the high costs of synthetic fertilizers have imposed research on alternative nutrient inputs. We aimed to identify potential trace elements (PTE) present in some organic manure that might be a source of environmental pollutions and risk to public health following consumption. The study aims to evaluate how different organic waste (poultry waste, PW; press mud, PM; and farmyard manure, FYM) influences the heavy metal migration in soil, the accumulation in garlic, and their potential health risks. Organic waste caused a higher accumulation of certain metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Co), whereas Mn, Cd, Cr, and Pb were in lower concentrations in soil. Amendments of soil with PM revealed a higher accumulation of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Pb, whereas PW resulted in Cu and Zn accumulation in garlic. Treatment of soil with FYM exhibited higher metal concentration of Co and Mn. An environmental hazard indices study revealed that pollution load index (PLI) was highest for Cu following treatment with PM. The health risk index (HRI) was greater for Cd following amendment with PM. Maximum daily intake of metals (DIM) was observed for Zn after treatment with PW. The Pb exhibited maximum bioconcentration factor (BCF) in PM-amended plants. Based on these findings, we concluded that garlic grown on contaminated soil with organic waste may pose serious health hazards following consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervaiz Akhter
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (P.A.); (Z.I.K.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Usman Khalid Chaudhry
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Khalid S. Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.E.)
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15
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Ejaz A, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Muhammad FG, Akhtar S, Hussain MI. Appraising growth, daily intake, health risk index, and pollution load of Zn in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil differentially spiked with zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34685-34700. [PMID: 35040053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a vital nutrient element required for plants normal growth and development. It performs imperative functions in numerous metabolic pathways in the plants. However, potentially noxious levels of Zn in terrestrial environment can lead to inhibited photosynthesis, growth, respiratory rate and imbalanced mineral nutrition. In micronutrient malnutrition, Zn deficiency is a global human health problem owing to the human dependence on cereals grains especially wheat-based diet. Therefore, this study investigated the Zn uptake efficacy in Triticum aestivum that is grown under two different doses (100 g/kg or 200 g/kg) of various soil amendments in both pot and field experimentation. Results of this study revealed that mean Zn concentration in different wheat varieties and treatments were varied from 1.53 to 6.03 mg/kg, 11.27 to 40.65 mg/kg, 11.28 to 39.93 mg/kg, and 11.32 to 37.70 mg/kg in amended soil, root, shoot, and grains, respectively. All observed Zn values in soil and wheat parts were lower than the FAO/WHO standards. Zinc values observed for pollution load index (0.034-0.134 mg/kg), daily intake (0.00492-0.01533 mg/kg), and health risk (0.0164-0.0570 mg/kg) index were lower than 1 except bio-concentration factor. Bio-concentration factor (5.076-10.165 mg/kg) revealed that DHARABI-11 variety showed maximum Zn uptake efficacy in farmyard manure treatment. The daily intake and health risk index values also showed that Zn level in grains is safe for inhabitants consumption. Overall, study recommended that these organic amendments are a good source of fertilizers, essentially required for the sustainable management of soil and increases the Zn accumulation in wheat grains which can ultimately reduce the Zn malnutrition in human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ejaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahzad Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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16
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Başaran B. Comparison of heavy metal levels and health risk assessment of different bread types marketed in Turkey. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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17
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Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Basmati rice is increasingly recognized and consumed in different parts of the world due to its different tastes and nutritional properties. This research focused on determining the cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) content in locally grown basmati rice in Pakistan and assessing the risks of these values to human health. Root, shoot and grain samples of basmati rice were taken, along with soil samples from the five regions studied. Metal mean concentrations (mg/kg) in grains fluctuated from 2.70 to 9.80 for Cd, 4.80 to 9.85 for Zn, 1.16 to 1.46 for Cu, 1.84 to 10.86 for Co, 2.05 to 13.07 for Fe, 5.03 to 11.11 for Mn and 3.24 to 13.28 for Ni, respectively. All metal values were within permissible limits except for Cd. The enrichment factor for Cd was highest among all sites. Cobalt and zinc had the highest bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The highest enrichment factor was noticed for Cd and the lowest for Cu. The health risk index at all examined sites was less than one. Consistent examination is recommended to limit health hazards instigated by the use of rice polluted with a greater concentration of Cd.
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Ahmad T, Nazar S, Ahmad K, Khan ZI, Bashir H, Ashfaq A, Munir M, Munir Z, Hussain K, Alkahtani J, Elshikh MS, Nadeem M, Malik IS. Monitoring of copper accumulation in water, soil, forage, and cows impacted by heavy automobiles in Sargodha, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29110-29116. [PMID: 33550557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The instant endeavor was undertaken to monitor copper (Cu) contents in water, soil, forage, and cow's blood impacted by heavy automobiles in Sahiwal town of district Sargodha, Pakistan. The samples were collected in triplicates with a total of 120 soil and water samples with corresponding forage samples. For the analysis of metal concentration in cows, 60 blood samples were collected from the cows feeding on these forages on selected sites. Metal contents were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that water samples contained mean values of Cu concentration ranged from 1.01 to 0.444 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum at site 3 and minimum at site 6. The soil samples of all the forage fields showed Cu mean values concentration ranged from 1.94 to 0.286 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum in Trifolium alexandrinum grown field at site 2, and minimum in Avena sativa at site 2. All the forage samples showed the mean value of Cu concentration ranged from 0.151 to 1.86 mg/kg at all sites. The concentration of Cu was maximum in Zea mays grown at site 5 and minimum in Trifolium alexandrinum at site 4. The cow blood samples showed the mean concentration of Cu ranged from 1.368 to 0.53 mg/kg at all sites. It was maximum at site 2 and minimum at site 6. Owing to the results of pollution index and transfer factors, metal content was found to be in permissible range in forages as well as animal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Ahmad
- Pakki Thatti Research and Development Farm, Toba Tek Singh, 36050, Pakistan
| | - Sonaina Nazar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Hussain
- Department of Botany, Govt. MAO College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ifra Saleem Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
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Chen F, Khan ZI, Zafar A, Ma J, Nadeem M, Ahmad K, Mahpara S, Wajid K, Bashir H, Munir M, Malik IS, Ashfaq A, Ugulu I, Dogan Y, Yang Y. Evaluation of toxicity potential of cobalt in wheat irrigated with wastewater: health risk implications for public. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21119-21131. [PMID: 33410057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of wastewater in irrigation weakens the beneficial properties of the soil and leads to a threat to food safety standards. The present research was designed to explore the cobalt toxicity associated with the ingestion of wastewater irrigated wheat. Wheat plants of five different varieties were collected from 7 different sites of Punjab, Pakistan, which were irrigated with three different sources of water. The sampling was done in two cropping years. The cobalt values in water, soil and wheat samples (root, shoot, grain) ranged from 0.46 to 1.24 mg/l, 0.15 to 1.20, 0.29 to 1.30, 0.08 to 0.76 and 0.12 to 0.57 mg/kg, respectively. All the water samples showed high cobalt concentration than the maximum permissible value. However, all the soil and wheat plant samples were found within the maximum allowable range. The high cobalt concentration in irrigating water showed that the continuous usage of such type of water may lead to cobalt toxicity in living organisms with the passage of time and may results in severe health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Zafar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shehzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Wajid
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Yunus Dogan
- Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yongjun Yang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Ugulu I, Akhter P, Iqbal Khan Z, Akhtar M, Ahmad K. Trace metal accumulation in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown using organic fertilizers and health risk assessment from consumption. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109992. [PMID: 33648226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Organic farming and healthy nutrition are among the most popular topics of recent times. However, organic fertilizers, which are one of the important elements of organic agriculture, have the potential to threaten human health with the toxic substances they may contain. The present study aimed to observe the effect of farmyard manure, poultry waste and press mud on metal accumulation in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to determine the pollution severity of soil and to examine the health risk due to the consumption of organic fertilizer applied pepper. The multipurpose pot experiment was conducted to study the agronomical growth performance and accretion of metals in C. annuum grown with different organic fertilizers in the soil at the area of the Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. The trace metal contents in soil and C. annuum samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-6300 Shimadzu Japan). Trace metal concentrations in soil samples ranged from 0.152 to 0.850, 2.167 to 5.812, 0.345 to 1.235, 2.682 to 5.875, 0.095 to 0.558, 6.132 to 17.062, 0.172 to 2.235 and 6.670 to 22.585 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. In pepper samples, trace metal concentrations ranged from 0.364 to 2.206, 0.305 to 4.042, 0.272 to 1.160, 1.132 to 1.305, 0.164 to 0.204, 4.736 to 17.000, 0.844 to 1.150 and 14.751 to 18.385 mg/kg for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The accumulation of Cd and Pb had higher values of HRI than 1 and these values suggested that these metals had probability to cause health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Pervaiz Akhter
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mubeen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Ugulu I, Ahmad K, Khan ZI, Munir M, Wajid K, Bashir H. Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth, heavy metal/metalloid accumulation, and human health risk of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12533-12545. [PMID: 33083956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effect of the chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizers such as cow manure and poultry manure applications on the heavy metal/metalloid accumulation in the wheat samples. A field experiment was conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replicates per treatment to observe the impact of organic and chemical fertilizers on the heavy metal/metalloid accumulation in a wheat variety (Lasani-08). Heavy metal/metalloid concentrations in the root, shoot, and grains of wheat samples were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). In addition, the growth parameters of wheat samples were assigned. Results indicated that morphological parameters showed maximum growth under chemical fertilizer treatment. The heavy metal/metalloid concentrations in the wheat grains ranged from 12.95 to 25.83, 1.03 to 1.11, 16.83 to 20.26, 0.92 to 0.98, 0.504 to 1.997, 2.24 to 5.98, and 0.493 to 1.154 mg/kg for Zn, Co, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr, respectively. All heavy metal/metalloid values in the present study were within the safe limits reported by the FAO/WHO except for Pb. However, the health risk index determined for all metals are higher in the wheat grown with chemical fertilizer applications, but it has been shown that the consumption of wheat grown with organic and chemical applications is not hazardous for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Wajid
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Khan ZI, Noorka IR, Ahmad K, Wajid K, Nadeem M, Munir M, Malik IS, Kiran M, Hussain T, Qamar MF, Ahmad T, Rehman SU, Ullah MF. Appraisal of chromium in chicken reared on maize irrigated with sewage water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11509-11517. [PMID: 33128154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the outcome of sewage, canal, and ground water on the chromium (Cr) concentration in corn and ultimately in chicken body parts was reported. To evaluate Cr level, atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer AA 6300, Shimadzu Japan) was used. The highest level of Cr in grains (0.50 ± 0.05 mg/kg), shoots (0.90 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and roots (1.01 ± 0.02 mg/kg) were noticed in the Sadaf variety watered with canal water. The least concentration of Cr was recorded in grains (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/kg), shoots (0.59 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and roots (0.71 ± 0.01 mg/kg) of Pearl variety irrigated with ground water. The maximum concentration of chromium in the blood (1.68 ± 0.02 mg/kg) and bones (1.26 ± 0.24 mg/kg) was observed in chicks fed on Millet Research Institute (MMRI) grains reared with the sewage water. The lowest concentration was observed in the blood (1.60 ± 0.04 mg/kg) and in bone (0.80 ± 0.01 mg/kg) of the chicks fed Pearl variety grains reared with canal water. In the second experiment, the maximum content of Cr was determined in the blood (0.74 ± 0.04 mg/kg) and bones (1.76 ± 0.02 ppm) of chicks consuming Sadaf variety grains reared with canal water and the least concentration in the blood (0.26 ± 0.03 mg/kg) and bones (1.64 ± 0.01 mg/kg) was determined on the consumption of the Pearl variety grains reared with ground water. A similar trend was observed in other body organs. It was concluded that polluted water causes higher accumulation levels of Cr in plant parts and even in animals' body parts after the utilization of such plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Ijaz Rasool Noorka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Wajid
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Madiha Kiran
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, sub-campus Jhang, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, sub-campus Jhang, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Saif Ur Rehman
- Institute of Geology, University of Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Siddique S, Ahmad T, Bashir H, Munir M, Mahpara S, Malik IS, Wajid K, Ugulu I, Nadeem M, Noorka IR, Chen F. A study on the transfer of chromium from meadows to grazing livestock: an assessment of health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26694-26701. [PMID: 32378103 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was performed in different district of Punjab to determine the chromium level in soil, forages, and blood plasma of the small ruminants (goat and sheep). The results showed that the mean concentrations of chromium in the soil of Sargodha, Mianwali, and Bhakkar districts were ranged from 1.8 to 2.3, 3.01 to 4.99, and 2.04 to 2.87 mg/kg, respectively. The chromium level was higher in Mianwali compared with Sargodha and Bhakkar. The mean concentrations of chromium in forages which were used for feeding purposes were found between 0.672 and 1.631, 1.493 and 2.612, and 0.7804 and 1.047 mg/kg for Sargodha, Mianwali, and Bhakkar, respectively. The mean concentrations of chromium in blood plasma of goat which consumed the contaminated forages were between 0.666 and 1.269 mg/L in Sargodha, 0.657 and 0.752 mg/L in Mianwali, and 1.39 and 2.37 mg/L in Bhakkar. In blood plasma of sheep, the residual levels of chromium in the districts Sargodha, Mianwali, and Bhakkar were ranged from 0.673 to 1.384, 0.83 to 1.086, and 1.496 to 3.611 mg/L, respectively. In the present research, there was a higher concentration of chromium in blood plasma of sheep from Bhakkar and the lowest was in Sargodha. The chromium level in blood samples was found to be higher than the tolerable level of 1.0 mg/L in all districts. In light of these results, it was concluded that chromium levels in the soil and forages of all sites were present within the safe limit while in blood samples of sheep and goats were found to be above the acceptable limit. Sheep and goats also consume water from river, streams, and ponds and other contaminated water sources. So it might be the reason of higher level of chromium in their blood plasma. Hence, the proper monitoring of study sites will be necessary to prevent the excessive accumulation of chromium in ruminants in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Samra Siddique
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Kinza Wajid
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Rasool Noorka
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agriculture College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Fu Chen
- Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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