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Wang Y, Diao S, Li H, Ye L, Suo Y, Zheng Y, Sun P, Han W, Fu J. Comparative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Distinct Ascorbic Acid (AsA) Accumulation Patterns between PCA and PCNA Persimmon Developing Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15362. [PMID: 37895041 PMCID: PMC10607040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon fruit has a high nutritional value and significantly varies between pollination-constant astringent (PCA) and pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA) persimmons. The astringency type affects sugar, flavonoids, and tannin accumulation and is well known in persimmon fruit. However, the impact of the fruit astringency type on ascorbic acid (AsA) accumulation is limited. In this study, typical PCA varieties ('Huojing' and 'Zhongshi5') and PCNA varieties ('Yohou' and 'Jiro') of persimmon fruit were sampled at four developing stages (S1-S4) to provide valuable information on AsA content variation in PCA and PCNA persimmon. Persimmon fruit is rich in ascorbic acid; the AsA content of the four varieties 'Zhongshi5', 'Huojing', 'Jiro', and 'Youhou' mature fruit reached 104.49, 48.69, 69.69, and 47.48 mg/100 g. Fruit of the same astringency type persimmon showed a similar AsA accumulation pattern. AsA content was significantly higher in PCA than PCNA fruit at S1-S3. The initial KEGG analysis of metabolites showed that galactose metabolism is the major biosynthetic pathway of AsA in persimmon fruit. There were significant differences in galactose pathway-related metabolite content in developing PCA and PCNA fruit, such as Lactose, D-Tagatose, and D-Sorbitol content in PCA being higher than that of PCNA. Combined gene expression and WGCNA analyses showed that the expression of the GME (evm.TU.contig4144.37) gene was higher in PCA-type than in PCNA-type fruit in S1-S3 and exhibited the highest correlation with AsA content (r = 690 **, p < 0.01). Four hub genes, including the DNA methylation gene, methyltransferase gene, F-box, and Actin-like Protein, were identified as potential regulators of the GME gene. These results provide basic information on how astringency types affect AsA accumulation and will provide valuable information for further investigation on AsA content variation in persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Songfeng Diao
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Huawei Li
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Lingshuai Ye
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
| | - Yujing Suo
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Yanhao Zheng
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Peng Sun
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Weijuan Han
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Jianmin Fu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China; (Y.W.); (S.D.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (P.S.)
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Shaw MA, Liu A. Take the Shot: A Review of Vitamin K Deficiency. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e42-e45. [PMID: 36779880 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230102-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K is essential for the process of coagulation. In its absence, severe and sometimes fatal bleeding events can occur, especially in newborns. Vitamin K prophylaxis at birth has been shown to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) and is recommended by multiple organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization. Pediatricians should feel comfortable explaining the risks and benefits of vitamin K prophylaxis to families and should be equipped to recognize signs of VKDB, especially given increasing rates of parental refusal. This article aims to improve understanding of VKDB, including prevention, early recognition, and treatment. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(2):e42-e45.].
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Chaturvedi S, Khan S, Bhunia RK, Kaur K, Tiwari S. Metabolic engineering in food crops to enhance ascorbic acid production: crop biofortification perspectives for human health. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:871-884. [PMID: 35464783 PMCID: PMC9016690 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) also known as vitamin C is considered as an essential micronutrient in the diet of humans. The human body is unable to synthesize AsA, thus solely dependent on exogenous sources to accomplish the nutritional requirement. AsA plays a crucial role in different physiological aspects of human health like bone formation, iron absorption, maintenance and development of connective tissues, conversion of cholesterol to bile acid and production of serotonin. It carries antioxidant properties and is involved in curing various clinical disorders such as scurvy, viral infection, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, and diabetes. It also plays a significant role in COVID-19 prevention and recovery by improving the oxygen index and enhancing the production of natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes. In plants, AsA plays important role in floral induction, seed germination, senescence, ROS regulation and photosynthesis. AsA is an essential counterpart of the antioxidant system and helps to defend the plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. Surprisingly, the deficiencies of AsA are spreading in both developed and developing countries. The amount of AsA in the major food crops such as wheat, rice, maize, and other raw natural plant foods is inadequate to fulfill its dietary requirements. Hence, the biofortification of AsA in staple crops would be feasible and cost-effective means of delivering AsA to populations that may have limited access to diverse diets and other interventions. In this review, we endeavor to provide information on the role of AsA in plants and human health, and also perused various biotechnological and agronomical approaches for elevating AsA content in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Chaturvedi
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Shahirina Khan
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001 India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
| | - Karambir Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
| | - Siddharth Tiwari
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Lab, National Agri-
Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India), Sector-81, Knowledge City, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
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Elalfy M, Eltonbary K, Elalfy O, Gadallah M, Zidan A, Abdel‐Hady H. Intracranial haemorrhage associated with Vitamin K deficiency in Egyptian infants. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:2937-2943. [PMID: 34196053 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) in infancy is a rare life-threatening event. The aim of this review is to highlight the association of ICH and potentially preventable vitamin K deficiency and to describe risk factors, presentation and outcome. METHODS Original published data on ICH related to vitamin K deficiency during 2008-2012 were extracted from records of participating centres in Egypt (Cairo and Delta region). Full data on 70 infants (0-24 weeks) have been reported in three publications. RESULTS The first study involved premature infants where ICH was potentially preventable with administration of parenteral vitamin K prophylactic doses to mothers ahead of imminent preterm delivery. The other 2 studies involved term newborns and infants. ICH due to early or classic vitamin K deficiency was reported in nine patients while 44 were due to late vitamin K deficiency. Main risk factors for late onset were exclusive breastfeeding, persistent diarrhoea and/or prolonged antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSION Vitamin K deficiency bleeding is a relatively frequent problem underlying ICH in infancy. Prophylactic vitamin K to mothers when anticipating preterm labour or a vitamin K boost in exclusively breast-fed infants with prolonged antibiotic usage and, or, persistent diarrhoea might have an impact on prevention and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Elalfy
- Department of Paediatrics Haematology/Oncology Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Khadiga Eltonbary
- Department of Paediatrics Haematology/Oncology Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Omar Elalfy
- Department of Complementary Medicine National Research Center Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohsen Gadallah
- Department of Community Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ashraf Zidan
- Department of Neurosurgery Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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Löwensteyn YN, Jansen NJG, van Heerde M, Klein RH, Kneyber MCJ, Kuiper JW, Riedijk MA, Verlaat CWM, Visser IHE, van Waardenburg DA, van Hasselt PM. Increasing the dose of oral vitamin K prophylaxis and its effect on bleeding risk. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:1033-1042. [PMID: 31062090 PMCID: PMC6565637 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K prophylaxis in infancy aims to prevent life-threatening vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). The Dutch prophylactic oral daily regimen was increased sixfold from 25 to 150 μg because of a high failure rate. To evaluate the efficacy of this new regimen, incidences of intracranial VKDB under both regimens were compared using both general and targeted surveillance. Late VKDB in the general pediatric population was identified by the Netherlands Pediatric Surveillance Unit, between 1 October 2014 and 31 December 2016. Additionally, infants with intracranial vitamin K deficiency bleeding were identified using the Dutch Pediatric Intensive Care Evaluation registry. The incidence of intracranial VKDB as assessed by general and targeted surveillance decreased from 1.6 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0.4-5.1) to 1.3 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0.5-3.2) and from 3.1 per 100,000 live births (95% CI, 1.9-5.0) to 1.2 per 100,000 live births (95% CI, 0.6-2.3), respectively. Median time between consecutive cases in the latter increased from 24 to 154 days (p < 0.001).Conclusion: A sixfold increase in oral vitamin K prophylaxis was associated with a surprisingly modest reduction in the incidence of intracranial VKDB, indicating that factors other than the dose need addressing to improve efficacy. What is Known: • The efficacy of intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis is threatened by an increasing number of parents opting out. • Oral prophylaxis represents an attractive and less invasive alternative but is inferior, especially in infants with malabsorption of vitamin K due to cholestasis. What is New: • Increasing the daily oral dose of vitamin K sixfold had a surprisingly modest effect on the incidence of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding. • This finding indicates that factors other than the dose must play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Nicole Löwensteyn
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room KC 03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Johannes Georgius Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc van Heerde
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Henryk Klein
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Christiaan Jacques Kneyber
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Kuiper
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Center: Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Anne Riedijk
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin Wilhelmus Maria Verlaat
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Idse Hendrik Egbert Visser
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Center: Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Marin van Hasselt
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room KC 03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Elinder G, Eriksson A, Hallberg B, Lynøe N, Sundgren PM, Rosén M, Engström I, Erlandsson BE. Traumatic shaking: The role of the triad in medical investigations of suspected traumatic shaking. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107 Suppl 472:3-23. [PMID: 30146789 PMCID: PMC6585638 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assesment of Social Services (SBU) is an independent national authority, tasked by the government with assessing methods used in health, medical and dental services and social service interventions from a broad perspective, covering medical, economic, ethical and social aspects. The language in SBU's reports are adjusted to a wide audience. SBU's Board of Directors has approved the conclusions in this report. The systematic review showed the following graded results: There is limited scientific evidence that the triad (Three components of a whole. The triad associated with SBS usually comprises subdural haematoma, retinal haemorrhages and encephalopathy.) and therefore, its components can be associated with traumatic shaking (low-quality evidence). There is insufficient scientific evidence on which to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the triad in identifying traumatic shaking (very low-quality evidence). Limited scientific evidence (low-quality evidence) represents a combined assessment of studies of high or moderate quality which disclose factors that markedly weaken the evidence. It is important to note that limited scientific evidence for the reliability of a method or an effect does not imply complete lack of scientific support. Insufficient scientific evidence (very low-quality evidence) represents either a lack of studies or situations when available studies are of low quality or show contradictory results. Evaluation of the evidence was not based on formal grading of the evidence according to GRADE but on an evaluation of the total scientific basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Elinder
- Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- The National Board of Forensic Medicine, Sweden
| | - Boubou Hallberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Lynøe
- Medical Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Maly Sundgren
- Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Måns Rosén
- Health Technology Assessment, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Engström
- Child and Adolecent Psychiatry, University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Elalfy MS, Elagouza IA, Ibrahim FA, AbdElmessieh SK, Gadallah M. Intracranial haemorrhage is linked to late onset vitamin K deficiency in infants aged 2-24 weeks. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:e273-6. [PMID: 24528309 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) can be serious and manifest as early onset intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to determine the frequency of ICH in relation to vitamin K deficiency and the outcome in infants aged two to 24 weeks. METHOD A hospital-based study was conducted in two main tertiary hospitals in Cairo, Egypt, from May 2011 to May 2012 with 40 patients with ICH and 50 age-matched controls without ICH. RESULTS Forty patients with ICH were recruited, 19 were excluded for clinical reasons and the remaining 21 had a significantly low vitamin K level. Exclusive breast feeding (81% of patients), diarrhoea lasting more than 1 week (38.1%) and antibiotic consumption within a week before the development of ICH (57.1%) were more common in the patients than in the control group (p value>0.05, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION A high frequency of ICH due to late VKDB was reported in Egyptian infants aged two to 24 weeks, with poorer outcomes than international studies. A national survey is required to evaluate the timing and protective value of a second booster vitamin K dose to reduce ICH, especially in high-risk patients in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- MS Elalfy
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - IA Elagouza
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | | | - SK AbdElmessieh
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - M Gadallah
- Department of Community; Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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Tijhuis MJ, Doets EL, Vonk Noordegraaf‐Schouten M. Extensive literature search and review as preparatory work for the evaluation of the essential composition of infant and follow‐on formulae and growing‐up milk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2014.en-551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MJ Tijhuis
- Pallas health research and consultancy the Netherlands
| | - EL Doets
- Pallas health research and consultancy the Netherlands
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Visser IHE, Hazelzet JA, Albers MJIJ, Verlaat CWM, Hogenbirk K, van Woensel JB, van Heerde M, van Waardenburg DA, Jansen NJG, Steyerberg EW. Mortality prediction models for pediatric intensive care: comparison of overall and subgroup specific performance. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39:942-50. [PMID: 23430018 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-013-2857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To validate paediatric index of mortality (PIM) and pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) models within the overall population as well as in specific subgroups in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). METHODS Variants of PIM and PRISM prediction models were compared with respect to calibration (agreement between predicted risks and observed mortality) and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC). We considered performance in the overall study population and in subgroups, defined by diagnoses, age and urgency at admission, and length of stay (LoS) at the PICU. We analyzed data from consecutive patients younger than 16 years admitted to the eight PICUs in the Netherlands between February 2006 and October 2009. Patients referred to another ICU or deceased within 2 h after admission were excluded. RESULTS A total of 12,040 admissions were included, with 412 deaths. Variants of PIM2 were best calibrated. All models discriminated well, also in patients <28 days of age (neonates), with overall higher AUC for PRISM variants (PIM = 0.83, PIM2 = 0.85, PIM2-ANZ06 = 0.86, PIM2-ANZ08 = 0.85, PRISM = 0.88, PRISM3-24 = 0.90). Best discrimination for PRISM3-24 was confirmed in 13 out of 14 subgroup categories. After recalibration PRISM3-24 predicted accurately in most (12 out of 14) categories. Discrimination was poorer for all models (AUC < 0.73) after LoS of >6 days at the PICU. CONCLUSION All models discriminated well, also in most subgroups including neonates, but had difficulties predicting mortality for patients >6 days at the PICU. In a western European setting both the PIM2(-ANZ06) or a recalibrated version of PRISM3-24 are suited for overall individualized risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idse H E Visser
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shearer MJ, Fu X, Booth SL. Vitamin K nutrition, metabolism, and requirements: current concepts and future research. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:182-95. [PMID: 22516726 PMCID: PMC3648719 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2001, the US Food and Nutrition Board concluded that there were insufficient data with which to establish a RDA for vitamin K, in large part because of a lack of robust endpoints that reflected adequacy of intake. Knowledge of the relative bioavailability of multiple vitamin K forms was also poor. Since then, stable isotope methodologies have been applied to the assessment of the bioavailability of the major dietary form of vitamin K in its free state and when incorporated into a plant matrix. There is a need for stable isotope studies with enhanced sensitivity to expand knowledge of the bioavailability, absorption, disposition, and metabolism of different molecular forms of vitamin K. Another area for future research stems from evidence that common polymorphisms or haplotypes in certain key genes implicated in vitamin K metabolism might affect nutritional requirements. Thus far, much of this evidence is indirect via effects on warfarin dose requirements. In terms of clinical endpoints, vitamin K deficiency in early infancy continues to be a leading cause of intracranial bleeding even in developed countries and the reasons for its higher prevalence in certain Asian countries has not been solved. There is universal consensus for the need for vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns, but the effectiveness of any vitamin K prophylactic regimen needs to be based on sound nutritional principles. In contrast, there is still a lack of suitable biomarkers or clinical endpoints that can be used to determine vitamin K requirements among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Shearer
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, and King’s College, London, UK; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, and King’s College, London, UK; and
| | - Sarah L. Booth
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Centre for Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, and King’s College, London, UK; and
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Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2011: III. ARDS and ECMO, weaning, mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, pediatrics and miscellanea. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38:542-56. [PMID: 22349425 PMCID: PMC3308008 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ozdemir MA, Karakukcu M, Per H, Unal E, Gumus H, Patiroglu T. Late-type vitamin K deficiency bleeding: experience from 120 patients. Childs Nerv Syst 2012; 28:247-51. [PMID: 21928065 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-011-1575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of vitamin K predisposes to early, classic, or late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), of which late VKDB may be associated with serious and life-threatening intracranial bleeding. Late VKDB is characterized with intracranial bleeding in infants aged 2-24 weeks due to severe vitamin K deficiency, occurring primarily in exclusively breast-fed infants. Late VKDB is still an important cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We presented 120 cases of late VKDB, which were evaluated at Erciyes University Medical Faculty Hospital between June 1990 and June 2006. RESULTS Signs and symptoms of the patients were bulging fontanels (70%); irritabilities (50%); convulsions (49%); bleeding and ecchymosis (47%); feeding intolerance, poor sucking, and vomiting (46%); diarrhea (34%); jaundice (11%); and pallor (9%), and among these infants, 21% received medication before the diagnosis (10%, antibiotics; 3%, simethicone; 4%, paracetamol; and 4%, phenobarbital). Intracranial hemorrhage in 88 (73%) patients has been observed. The hemorrhage was subdural in 34 (28%) cases, intracerebral in 28 (23%), subarachnoid in 17 (14%), intraventricular in 9 (8%), intracerebral and subdural in 12 (10%), subdural and subarachnoid in 6 (5%), and combination of intracerebral, subdural, and intraventricular in 14 (12%), and the mortality rate was 31%. CONCLUSION Although late VKDB leads to significant morbidity and mortality, it can be avoided by providing vitamin K prophylaxis to all newborns. Administration of vitamin K (1 mg) at birth can prevent intracranial bleeding and other hemorrhagic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Ozdemir
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri, Turkey
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