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De Backer D, Aissaoui N, Cecconi M, Chew MS, Denault A, Hajjar L, Hernandez G, Messina A, Myatra SN, Ostermann M, Pinsky MR, Teboul JL, Vignon P, Vincent JL, Monnet X. How can assessing hemodynamics help to assess volume status? Intensive Care Med 2022; 48:1482-1494. [PMID: 35945344 PMCID: PMC9363272 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In critically ill patients, fluid infusion is aimed at increasing cardiac output and tissue perfusion. However, it may contribute to fluid overload which may be harmful. Thus, volume status, risks and potential efficacy of fluid administration and/or removal should be carefully evaluated, and monitoring techniques help for this purpose. Central venous pressure is a marker of right ventricular preload. Very low values indicate hypovolemia, while extremely high values suggest fluid harmfulness. The pulmonary artery catheter enables a comprehensive assessment of the hemodynamic profile and is particularly useful for indicating the risk of pulmonary oedema through the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. Besides cardiac output and preload, transpulmonary thermodilution measures extravascular lung water, which reflects the extent of lung flooding and assesses the risk of fluid infusion. Echocardiography estimates the volume status through intravascular volumes and pressures. Finally, lung ultrasound estimates lung edema. Guided by these variables, the decision to infuse fluid should first consider specific triggers, such as signs of tissue hypoperfusion. Second, benefits and risks of fluid infusion should be weighted. Thereafter, fluid responsiveness should be assessed. Monitoring techniques help for this purpose, especially by providing real time and precise measurements of cardiac output. When decided, fluid resuscitation should be performed through fluid challenges, the effects of which should be assessed through critical endpoints including cardiac output. This comprehensive evaluation of the risk, benefits and efficacy of fluid infusion helps to individualize fluid management, which should be preferred over a fixed restrictive or liberal strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, CHIREC Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe 201, 1160, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nadia Aissaoui
- Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Cochin Hospital, Intensive Care Medicine, médecine interne reanimation, Université de Paris and Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM U970, 25 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Michelle S Chew
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - André Denault
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Critical Care Division, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ludhmila Hajjar
- Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, InCor, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glenn Hernandez
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Messina
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Sheila Nainan Myatra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Intensive Care, King's College London, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael R Pinsky
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Teboul
- AP-HP, Service de médecine intensive-réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, DMU 4 CORREVE, Inserm UMR S_999, FHU SEPSIS, CARMAS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Vignon
- Medical-surgical ICU and Inserm CIC 1435, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Univ Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Monnet
- AP-HP, Service de médecine intensive-réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, DMU 4 CORREVE, Inserm UMR S_999, FHU SEPSIS, CARMAS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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2
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The Pulmonary Artery Catheter in the Perioperative Setting: Should It Still Be Used? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010177. [PMID: 35054343 PMCID: PMC8774775 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) was introduced into clinical practice in the 1970s and was initially used to monitor patients with acute myocardial infarctions. The indications for using the PAC quickly expanded to critically ill patients in the intensive care unit as well as in the perioperative setting in patients undergoing major cardiac and noncardiac surgery. The utilization of the PAC is surrounded by multiple controversies, with literature claiming its benefits in the perioperative setting, and other publications showing no benefit. The right interpretation of the hemodynamic parameters measured by the PAC and its clinical implications are of the utmost essence in order to guide a specific therapy. Even though clinical trials have not shown a reduction in mortality with the use of the PAC, it still remains a valuable tool in a wide variety of clinical settings. In general, the right selection of the patient population (high-risk patients with or without hemodynamic instability undergoing high-risk procedures) as well as the right clinical setting (centers with experience and expertise) are essential in order for the patient to benefit most from PAC use.
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Kouz K, Michard F, Bergholz A, Vokuhl C, Briesenick L, Hoppe P, Flick M, Schön G, Saugel B. Agreement between continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution for cardiac output measurement in perioperative and intensive care medicine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2021; 25:125. [PMID: 33781307 PMCID: PMC8006374 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery thermodilution is the clinical reference method for cardiac output monitoring. Because both continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution are used in clinical practice it is important to know whether cardiac output measurements by the two methods are clinically interchangeable. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies comparing cardiac output measurements assessed using continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution in adult surgical and critically ill patients. 54 studies with 1522 patients were included in the analysis. RESULTS The heterogeneity across the studies was high. The overall random effects model-derived pooled estimate of the mean of the differences was 0.08 (95%-confidence interval 0.01 to 0.16) L/min with pooled 95%-limits of agreement of - 1.68 to 1.85 L/min and a pooled percentage error of 29.7 (95%-confidence interval 20.5 to 38.9)%. CONCLUSION The heterogeneity across clinical studies comparing continuous and intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution in adult surgical and critically ill patients is high. The overall trueness/accuracy of continuous pulmonary artery thermodilution in comparison with intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution is good (indicated by a pooled mean of the differences < 0.1 L/min). Pooled 95%-limits of agreement of - 1.68 to 1.85 L/min and a pooled percentage error of 29.7% suggest that continuous pulmonary artery thermodilution barely passes interchangeability criteria with intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020159730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Kouz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Alina Bergholz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Vokuhl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Briesenick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Hoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Flick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schön
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Saugel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Vignon P, Evrard B, Asfar P, Busana M, Calfee CS, Coppola S, Demiselle J, Geri G, Jozwiak M, Martin GS, Gattinoni L, Chiumello D. Fluid administration and monitoring in ARDS: which management? Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:2252-2264. [PMID: 33169217 PMCID: PMC7652045 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Modalities of fluid management in patients sustaining the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are challenging and controversial. Optimal fluid management should provide adequate oxygen delivery to the body, while avoiding inadvertent increase in lung edema which further impairs gas exchange. In ARDS patients, positive fluid balance has been associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer ICU and hospital stay, and higher mortality. Accordingly, a restrictive strategy has been compared to a more liberal approach in randomized controlled trials conducted in various clinical settings. Restrictive strategies included fluid restriction guided by the monitoring of extravascular lung water, pulmonary capillary wedge or central venous pressure, and furosemide targeted to diuresis and/or albumin replacement in hypoproteinemic patients. Overall, restrictive strategies improved oxygenation significantly and reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, but had no significant effect on mortality. Fluid management may require different approaches depending on the time course of ARDS (i.e., early vs. late period). The effects of fluid strategy management according to ARDS phenotypes remain to be evaluated. Since ARDS is frequently associated with sepsis-induced acute circulatory failure, the prediction of fluid responsiveness is crucial in these patients to avoid hemodynamically inefficient—hence respiratory detrimental—fluid administration. Specific hemodynamic indices of fluid responsiveness or mini-fluid challenges should be preferably used. Since the positive airway pressure contributes to positive fluid balance in ventilated ARDS patients, it should be kept as low as possible. As soon as the hemodynamic status is stabilized, correction of cumulated fluid retention may rely on diuretics administration or renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vignon
- Medical-Surgical ICU, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France. .,Inserm CIC-1435, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France. .,Réanimation Polyvalente, CHU Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges, France.
| | - Bruno Evrard
- Medical-Surgical ICU, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France.,Inserm CIC-1435, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, 87000, Limoges, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Asfar
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Médecine Hyperbare, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey 49933, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Mattia Busana
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Coppola
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale San Paolo, Polo Universitario, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Coordinata di Insufficienza Respiratoria, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Demiselle
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Médecine Hyperbare, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey 49933, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Guillaume Geri
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France.,Inserm UMR-1018, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Mathieu Jozwiak
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, APHP, Centre, Cochin Hospital, 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.,Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Greg S Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luciano Gattinoni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Davide Chiumello
- SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale San Paolo, Polo Universitario, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Coordinata di Insufficienza Respiratoria, Milan, Italy
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Michard F, Malbrain ML, Martin GS, Fumeaux T, Lobo S, Gonzalez F, Pinho-Oliveira V, Constantin JM. Haemodynamic monitoring and management in COVID-19 intensive care patients: an International survey. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020; 39:563-569. [PMID: 32781167 PMCID: PMC7415168 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To survey haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in intensive care patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS A questionnaire was shared on social networks or via email by the authors and by Anaesthesia and/or Critical Care societies from France, Switzerland, Belgium, Brazil, and Portugal. Intensivists and anaesthetists involved in COVID-19 ICU care were invited to answer 14 questions about haemodynamic monitoring and management. RESULTS Globally, 1000 questionnaires were available for analysis. Responses came mainly from Europe (n = 460) and America (n = 434). According to a majority of respondents, COVID-19 ICU patients frequently or very frequently received continuous vasopressor support (56%) and had an echocardiography performed (54%). Echocardiography revealed a normal cardiac function, a hyperdynamic state (43%), hypovolaemia (22%), a left ventricular dysfunction (21%) and a right ventricular dilation (20%). Fluid responsiveness was frequently assessed (84%), mainly using echo (62%), and cardiac output was measured in 69%, mostly with echo as well (53%). Venous oxygen saturation was frequently measured (79%), mostly from a CVC blood sample (94%). Tissue perfusion was assessed biologically (93%) and clinically (63%). Pulmonary oedema was detected and quantified mainly using echo (67%) and chest X-ray (61%). CONCLUSION Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different haemodynamic phenotypes may be observed. Ultrasounds were used by many respondents, to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and quantify pulmonary oedema. Although we observed regional differences, current international guidelines were followed by most respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manu Lng Malbrain
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Brussel, Jette, Belgium & Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greg S Martin
- Emory University and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Suzana Lobo
- Intensive Care Division, Hospital de Base - FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe Gonzalez
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Jean-Michel Constantin
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, La Pitié Salpetriere Hospital, University Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adequate tissue perfusion is of utmost importance to avoid organ failure in patients with cardiogenic shock. Within the recent years, the microcirculation, defined as the perfusion of the smallest vessels, has been identified to play a crucial role. Microcirculatory changes may include capillary flow disturbances as well as changes in the density of perfused vessels. Due to the availability of new technologies to assess the microcirculation, interesting new data came up and it is the purpose of this review to summarize recent studies in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Nowadays, an increasing number of studies confirm parameters of the microcirculation, derived by intravital microscopy, to represent strong outcome predictors in cardiogenic shock. In addition, microcirculation as read-out parameter in innovative clinical studies has meanwhile been accepted as serious endpoint. Treatment strategies such as mechanical assist devices, blood pressure regulating agents or fluids use tissue perfusion and microcirculatory network density as targets in addition to clinical perfusion evaluation and decreasing serum lactate levels. SUMMARY The parameter most frequently used to detect tissue malperfusion is serum lactate. Novel, noninvasive methods to quantify microvascular perfusion have the potential to guide treatment in terms of optimizing organ perfusion and oxygenation probably paving the way for an individualized therapy.
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Braun F, Proença M, Wendler A, Solà J, Lemay M, Thiran JP, Weiler N, Frerichs I, Becher T. Noninvasive measurement of stroke volume changes in critically ill patients by means of electrical impedance tomography. J Clin Monit Comput 2019; 34:903-911. [PMID: 31624996 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-019-00402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous animal experiments have suggested that electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has the ability to noninvasively track changes in cardiac stroke volume (SV). The present study intended to reproduce these findings in patients during a fluid challenge. In a prospective observational study including critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, SV was estimated via ECG-gated EIT before and after a fluid challenge and compared to transpulmonary thermodilution reference measurements. Relative changes in EIT-derived cardiosynchronous impedance changes in the heart ([Formula: see text]) and lung region ([Formula: see text]) were compared to changes in reference SV by assessing the concordance rate (CR) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (R). We compared 39 measurements of 20 patients. [Formula: see text] did not show to be a reliable estimate for tracking changes of SV (CR = 52.6% and R = 0.13 with P = 0.44). In contrast, [Formula: see text] showed an acceptable trending performance (CR = 94.4% and R = 0.72 with P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that ECG-gated EIT measurements of [Formula: see text] are able to noninvasively monitor changes in SV during a fluid challenge in critically ill patients. However, this was not possible using [Formula: see text]. The present approach is limited by the influences induced by ventilation, posture or changes in electrode-skin contact and requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Braun
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM SA), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. .,Signal Processing Laboratory LTS5, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Proença
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM SA), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Signal Processing Laboratory LTS5, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Wendler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Josep Solà
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM SA), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Lemay
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM SA), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Phillipe Thiran
- Signal Processing Laboratory LTS5, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Weiler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Becher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludhmila Abrahao Hajjar
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital SirioLibanes, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jean-Louis Teboul
- Service de Reánimation Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Universite Paris-Sud, Paris, France
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