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Zhang D, Wang X, Sun K, Guo J, Zhao J, Dong Y, Bao Y. Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Flavonoid Extract Ameliorates Osteoporosis in Rats Facilitating Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation in MG-63 Cells and Inhibiting RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6754. [PMID: 38928460 PMCID: PMC11203775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a prevalent chronic health issue among the elderly, is a global bone metabolic disease. Flavonoids, natural active compounds widely present in vegetables, fruits, beans, and cereals, have been reported for their anti-osteoporotic properties. Onion is a commonly consumed vegetable rich in flavonoids with diverse pharmacological activities. In this study, the trabecular structure was enhanced and bone mineral density (BMD) exhibited a twofold increase following oral administration of onion flavonoid extract (OFE). The levels of estradiol (E2), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in serum were significantly increased in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, with effects equal to alendronate sodium (ALN). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels in rat serum were reduced by 35.7% and 36.9%, respectively, compared to the OVX group. In addition, the effects of OFE on bone health were assessed using human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 and osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells in vitro as well. Proliferation and mineralization of MG-63 cells were promoted by OFE treatment, along with increased ALP activity and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Additionally, RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity were inhibited by OFE treatment through decreased TRAP activity and down-regulation of mRNA expression-related enzymes in RAW 264.7 cells. Overall findings suggest that OFE holds promise as a natural functional component for alleviating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (X.W.); (K.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (X.W.); (K.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kezhuo Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (X.W.); (K.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianli Guo
- Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China;
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (X.W.); (K.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China;
| | - Yongming Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (X.W.); (K.S.); (J.Z.)
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
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2
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Chakraborty AJ, Uddin TM, Matin Zidan BMR, Mitra S, Das R, Nainu F, Dhama K, Roy A, Hossain MJ, Khusro A, Emran TB. Allium cepa: A Treasure of Bioactive Phytochemicals with Prospective Health Benefits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4586318. [PMID: 35087593 PMCID: PMC8789449 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4586318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As Allium cepa is one of the most important condiment plants grown and consumed all over the world, various therapeutic and pharmacological effects of A. cepa were reviewed. Onion (Allium cepa) is a high dietary fiber-rich perennial herb that is placed under the family Amaryllidaceae. It contains high concentration of folic acid, vitamin B6, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus as well as vitamins and minerals. It is widely used as an antimicrobial agent, but it showed anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiplatelet, antihypertensive, and antidepressant effects and neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic effects and so on. It is said to have beneficial effects on the digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems, as well as on the immune system. This review article was devoted to discussing many health benefits and traditional uses of onions in pharmacological perspectives, as well as the safety/toxicological profile. If more detailed research on this perennial herb is conducted, it will open the door to an infinite number of possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Jyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahtab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90245, Indonesia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 34, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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3
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Gambari L, Grigolo B, Grassi F. Dietary organosulfur compounds: Emerging players in the regulation of bone homeostasis by plant-derived molecules. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937956. [PMID: 36187121 PMCID: PMC9521401 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline of bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture are hallmarks of the bone aging. The resulting increase in bone fragility is the leading cause of bone fractures, a major cause of disability. As the frontline pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis suffer from low patients' adherence and occasional side effects, the importance of diet regimens for the prevention of excessive bone fragility has been increasingly recognized. Indeed, certain diet components have been already associated to a reduced fracture risk. Organosulfur compounds are a broad class of molecules containing sulfur. Among them, several molecules of potential therapeutic interest are found in edible plants belonging to the Allium and Brassica botanical genera. Polysulfides derived from Alliaceae and isothiocyanates derived from Brassicaceae hold remarkable nutraceutical potential as anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vasorelaxant and hypolipemic. Some of these effects are linked to the ability to release the gasotrasmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Recent preclinical studies have investigated the effect of organosulfur compounds in bone wasting and metabolic bone diseases, revealing a strong potential to preserve skeletal health by exerting cytoprotection and stimulating the bone forming activity by osteoblasts and attenuating bone resorption by osteoclasts. This review is intended for revising evidence from preclinical and epidemiological studies on the skeletal effects of organosulfur molecules of dietary origin, with emphasis on the direct regulation of bone cells by plant-derived polysulfides, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Moreover, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the biological role of these compounds and revise the importance of the so-called 'H2S-system' on the regulation of bone homeostasis.
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4
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Yamasaki M, Yamasaki Y, Furusho R, Kimura H, Kamei I, Sonoda H, Ikeda M, Oshima T, Ogawa K, Nishiyama K. Onion ( Allium cepa L.)-Derived Nanoparticles Inhibited LPS-Induced Nitrate Production, However, Their Intracellular Incorporation by Endocytosis Was Not Involved in This Effect on RAW264 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092763. [PMID: 34067155 PMCID: PMC8124543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of nanoparticles prepared from Allium cepa L. as anti-inflammatory agents. In the present study, we identified nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. using the ultracentrifugation exosome purification method. The nanoparticles were referred to as 17,000× g and 200,000× g precipitates, and they contained quercetins, proteins, lipids, and small-sized RNA. The nanoparticles inhibited nitric oxide production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264 cells without cytotoxic properties. Cellular incorporation was confirmed by laser microscopic observation after PKH26 staining. The inhibition of caveolae-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis significantly prevented the incorporation of the nanoparticles but had no effect on the inhibition of nitric oxide in RAW264 cells. Collectively, the identified nanoparticles were capable of inhibiting the LPS response via extracellular mechanisms. Taken together, the way of consuming Allium cepa L. without collapsing the nanoparticles is expected to provide an efficient anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.F.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-58-7209
| | - Yumi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Rina Furusho
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.F.); (K.N.)
| | - Hayaka Kimura
- Faculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (Y.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Ichiro Kamei
- Department of Forest and Environmental Sciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Hiroko Sonoda
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Tatsuya Oshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Kenjiro Ogawa
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Kazuo Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.F.); (K.N.)
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5
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Chen Z, Ding M, Cho E, Seong J, Lee S, Lee TH. 2-NPPA Mitigates Osteoclastogenesis via Reducing TRAF6-Mediated c-fos Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599081. [PMID: 33574753 PMCID: PMC7870508 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption leads to bone destruction in pathological bone diseases. Osteoporosis, which occurs when osteoclast-mediated bone resorption exceeds osteoblast-mediated bone synthesis, is regarded a global health challenge. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify agents that can regulate the activity of osteoclasts and prevent bone diseases mediated mainly by bone loss. We screened compounds for this purpose and found that 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-N-[2-(4-propionyl-1piperazinyl) phenyl] acetamide (2-NPPA) exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis. 2-NPPA suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of several osteoclast-specific markers and blocked the formation of mature osteoclasts, reducing the F-actin ring formation and bone resorption activity. In a cell signaling point of view, 2-NPPA exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and c-fos expression in vitro and prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. These findings highlighted the potential of 2-NPPA as a drug for the treatment of bone loss-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mina Ding
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jihyoun Seong
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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6
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Kianian F, Marefati N, Boskabady M, Ghasemi SZ, Boskabady MH. Pharmacological Properties of Allium cepa, Preclinical and Clinical Evidences; A Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:107-134. [PMID: 34567150 PMCID: PMC8457748 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112781.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Onion or Allium cepa (A. cepa) is one of the most important condiment plants grown and consumed all over the world. This plant has various therapeutic effects attributed to its constituents, such as quercetin, thiosulphinates and phenolic acids. In the present article, various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of A. cepa were reviewed. Different online databases using keywords such as onion, A. cepa, therapeutic effects, and pharmacological effects until the end of December 2019 were searched for this purpose. Onion has been suggested to be effective in treating a broad range of disorders, including asthma, inflammatory disorders, dysentery, wounds, scars, keloids and pain. In addition, different studies have demonstrated that onion possesses numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet properties as well as the effect on bone, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, respiratory, and urogenital systems effects such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-hypertensive, antispasmodic, anti-diarrheal, neuro-protective, anti-asthmatic and diuretic effects. The present review provides detailed the various pharmacological properties of onion and its constituents and possible underlying mechanisms. The results of multiple studies suggested the therapeutic effect of onion on a wide range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- F. K. and N. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyyedeh Zahra Ghasemi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Asemani Y, Zamani N, Bayat M, Amirghofran Z. Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3019-3039. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Asemani
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Nasrindokht Zamani
- Research Center for Persian Medicine and History MedicineShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Maryam Bayat
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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8
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Ahn SH, Chen Z, Lee J, Lee SW, Min SH, Kim ND, Lee TH. Inhibitory Effects of 2N1HIA (2-(3-(2-Fluoro-4-Methoxyphenyl)-6-Oxo-1(6H)-Pyridazinyl)- N-1H-Indol-5-Ylacetamide) on Osteoclast Differentiation via Suppressing Cathepsin K Expression. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123139. [PMID: 30501117 PMCID: PMC6321589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells which are induced by the regulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), which is important in bone resorption. Excessive osteoclast differentiation can cause pathologic bone loss and destruction. Numerous studies have targeted molecules inhibiting RANKL signaling or bone resorption activity. In this study, 11 compounds from commercial libraries were examined for their effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Of these compounds, only 2-(3-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-1(6H)-pyridazinyl)-N-1H-indol-5-ylacetamide (2N1HIA) caused a significant decrease in multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell formation in a dose-dependent manner, without inducing cytotoxicity. The 2N1HIA compound neither affected the expression of osteoclast-specific gene markers such as TRAF6, NFATc1, RANK, OC-STAMP, and DC-STAMP, nor the RANKL signaling pathways, including p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB. However, 2N1HIA exhibited a significant impact on the expression levels of CD47 and cathepsin K, the early fusion marker and critical protease for bone resorption, respectively. The activity of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) decreased due to 2N1HIA treatment. Accordingly, bone resorption activity and actin ring formation decreased in the presence of 2N1HIA. Taken together, 2N1HIA acts as an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation by attenuating bone resorption activity and may serve as a potential candidate in preventing and/or treating osteoporosis, or other bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Ahn
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Department of Dental Education and Periodontology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- NDBio Therapeutics Inc., S24 Floor, Songdogwahak-ro 32, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Niu C, Xiao F, Yuan K, Hu X, Lin W, Ma R, Zhang X, Huang Z. Nardosinone Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alveolar Bone Resorption. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:626. [PMID: 28955231 PMCID: PMC5601052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that damages the integrity of the tooth-supporting tissues, known as the periodontium, and comprising the gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. In this study, the effects of nardosinone (Nd) on bone were tested in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar bone loss, and the associated mechanisms were elucidated. Nd effectively suppressed LPS-induced alveolar bone loss and reduced osteoclast (OC) numbers in vivo. Nd suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated OC differentiation, bone resorption, and F-actin ring formation in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that Nd suppressed osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the ERK and JNK signaling pathways, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and suppressing the activation of PLCγ2 that consequently affects the expression and/or activity of the OC-specific transcription factors, c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). In addition, Nd significantly reduced the expression of OC-specific markers in mouse bone marrow-derived pre-OCs, including c-Fos, cathepsin K (Ctsk), VATPase d2, and Nfatc1. Collectively, these findings suggest that Nd has beneficial effects on bone, and the suppression of OC number implies that the effect is exerted directly on osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Keyong Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - XuChen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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10
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Echinocystic acid inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:673-677. [PMID: 27349866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key factor in the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Echinocystic acid (EA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the fruits of Gleditsia sinensis Lam, was reported to prevent reduction of bone mass and strength and improve the cancellous bone structure and biochemical properties in ovariectomy rats. However, the molecular mechanism of EA on the osteoclast formation has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of EA on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Our results showed that EA inhibited the formation of osteoclast, as well as the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker proteins in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). At molecular levels, EA inhibited RANKL-induced NF-κB activation and ERK phosphorylation in BMMs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that EA can suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Moreover, we clarified that these inhibitory effects of EA occur through suppression of NF-κB and ERK activation. Therefore, EA may be a potential agent in the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases such as osteoporosis.
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11
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Law YY, Chiu HF, Lee HH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Consumption of onion juice modulates oxidative stress and attenuates the risk of bone disorders in middle-aged and post-menopausal healthy subjects. Food Funct 2016; 7:902-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is characterized by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat-Yin Law
- Department of Orthopedics
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Institute of Medicine
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine
- Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Well-being
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hsin Lee
- School of Nutrition
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City
- Republic of China
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City
- Republic of China
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung City
- Republic of China
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12
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Allium cepa L. and Quercetin Inhibit RANKL/Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Downregulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:704781. [PMID: 26273314 PMCID: PMC4529940 DOI: 10.1155/2015/704781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. We evaluated the in vitro modulatory effects of Allium cepa L. extract (AcE) and quercetin (Qt) on osteoclastogenesis under inflammatory conditions (LPS-induced). Methods. RAW 264.7 cells were differentiated with 30 ng/mL of RANKL, costimulated with PgLPS (1 µg/mL), and treated with AcE (50–1000 µg/mL) or Qt (1.25, 2.5, or 5 µM). Cell viability was determined by alamarBlue and protein assays. Nuclei morphology was analysed by DAPI staining. TRAP assays were performed as follows: p-nitrophenyl phosphate was used to determine the acid phosphatase activity of the osteoclasts and TRAP staining was used to evaluate the number and size of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclast cells. Von Kossa staining was used to measure osteoclast resorptive activity. Cytokine levels were measured on osteoclast precursor cell culture supernatants. Using western blot analysis, p-IκBα and IκBα degradation, inhibitor of NF-kappaB, were evaluated. Results. Both AcE and Qt did not affect cell viability and significantly reduced osteoclastogenesis compared to control. We observed lower production of IL-6 and IL-1α and an increased production of IL-3 and IL-4. AcE and Qt downregulated NF-κB pathway. Conclusion. AcE and Qt may be inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis under inflammatory conditions (LPS-induced) via attenuation of RANKL/PgLPS-induced NF-κB activation.
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Oliveira TT, Campos KM, Cerqueira-Lima AT, Cana Brasil Carneiro T, da Silva Velozo E, Ribeiro Melo ICA, Figueiredo EA, de Jesus Oliveira E, de Vasconcelos DFSA, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, Alcântara-Neves NM, Figueiredo CA. Potential therapeutic effect of Allium cepa L. and quercetin in a murine model of Blomia tropicalis induced asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:18. [PMID: 25890178 PMCID: PMC4344790 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an inflammatory condition characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and chronic inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is an essential process to treat this condition. In this study we investigated the effect of Allium cepa L. extract (AcE) and quercetin (Qt) on cytokine and on smooth muscle contraction in vitro and its therapeutic potential in a murine model of asthma. METHODS AcE was obtained by maceration of Allium cepa L. and it was standardized in terms of quercetin concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro, using AcE 10, 100 or 1000 μg/ml or Qt 3.5, 7.5, 15 μg/ml, we measured the concentration of cytokines in spleen cell culture supernatants, and the ability to relax tracheal smooth muscle from A/J mice. In vivo, Blomia tropicalis (BT)-sensitized A/J mice were treated with AcE 100, 1000 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg Qt. We measured cell influx in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in lungs, serum levels of Bt-specific IgE, cytokines levels in BAL, and lung histology. RESULTS We observed a reduction in the production of inflammatory cytokines, a relaxation of tracheal rings, and a reduction in total number of cells in BAL and EPO in lungs by treatment with AcE or Qt. CONCLUSION AcE and Qt have potential as antiasthmatic drugs, as they possess both immunomodulatory and bronchodilatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keina Maciele Campos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Oliveira T, Figueiredo CA, Brito C, Stavroullakis A, Prakki A, Da Silva Velozo E, Nogueira-Filho G. Effect of Allium cepa L. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Osteoclast Precursor Cell Viability, Count, and Morphology Using 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole-Staining. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:535789. [PMID: 25221602 PMCID: PMC4137552 DOI: 10.1155/2014/535789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium cepa L. is known to possess numerous pharmacological properties. Our aim was to examine the in vitro effects of Allium cepa L. extract (AcE) on Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and Escherichia coli LPS-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells to determine cell viability to other future cell-based assays. Osteoclast precursor cells (RAW 264.7) were stimulated by Pg LPS (1 μg/mL) and E. coli LPS (1 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of different concentrations of AcE (10-1000 μg/mL) for 5 days at 37°C/5% CO2. Resazurin reduction and total protein content assays were used to detect cell viability. AcE did not affect cell viability. Resazurin reduction assay showed that AcE, at up to 1000 μg/mL, did not significantly affect cell viability and cellular protein levels. Additionally a caspase 3/7 luminescence assay was used to disclose apoptosis and there was no difference in apoptotic activity between tested groups and control group. Fluorescence images stained by DAPI showed no alteration on the morphology and cell counts of LPS-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells with the use of AcE in all tested concentrations when compared to control. These findings suggest that Allium cepa L. extract could be used for in vitro studies on Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and Escherichia coli LPS-stimulated osteoclast precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Oliveira
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 41110-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Camila A. Figueiredo
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, 41110-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brito
- Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Alexander Stavroullakis
- Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Eudes Da Silva Velozo
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Getulio Nogueira-Filho
- Department of Biological and Diagnostic Sciences-Preventive Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6
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Wu K, Lin TH, Liou HC, Lu DH, Chen YR, Fu WM, Yang RS. Dextromethorphan inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing RANKL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2201-14. [PMID: 23400250 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dextromethorphan (DXM), a commonly used antitussive, is a dextrorotatory morphinan. Here, we report that DXM inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by abrogating the activation of NF-κB signalling in vitro. Oral administration of DXM ameliorates ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in vivo. INTRODUCTION DXM was reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory factors. However, the potential role and action mechanism of DXM on osteoclasts and osteoblasts remain unclear. In this study, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to investigate the potential effects of DXM on osteoclastogenesis and OVX-induced bone loss. METHODS Osteoclastogenesis was examined by the TRAP staining, pit resorption, TNF-α release, and CCR2 and CALCR gene expression. Osteoblast differentiation was analyzed by calcium deposition. Osteogenic and adipogenic genes were measured by real-time PCR. Signaling pathways were explored using Western blot. ICR mice were used in an OVX-induced osteoporosis model. Tibiae were measured by µCT and serum markers were examined with ELISA kits. RESULTS DXM inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. DXM mainly inhibited osteoclastogenesis via abrogation of IKK-IκBα-NF-κB pathways. However, a higher dosage of DXM antagonized the differentiation of osteoblasts via the inhibition of osteogenic signals and increase of adipogenic signals. Oral administration of DXM (20 mg/kg/day) partially reduced trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSION DXM inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity by affecting NF-κB signaling. Therefore, DXM at suitable doses may have new therapeutic applications for the treatment of diseases associated with excessive osteoclastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Shen Q, Zeng D, Zhou Y, Xia L, Zhao Y, Qiao G, Xu L, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Jiang X. Curculigoside promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells from ovariectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1005-13. [PMID: 23738728 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curculigoside, a natural compound isolated from the medicinal plant Curculigo orchioides has been reported to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of curculigoside on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). METHODS The toxicity, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs cultured with various concentrations (0 as control, 10, 100 and 500 µm) of curculigoside were measured by viability assay, MTT analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and mineralization assay, real-time PCR analysis on osteogenic genes including ALP, type I collagen (Col I), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), as well as OPG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS No significant cytotoxicity was observed for BMSCs after supplementation with curculigoside. The proliferation of BMSCs was enhanced after administration of curculigoside, especially 100 µm curculigoside. Moreover, the osteogenic gene expression was significantly enhanced with 100 µm curculigoside treatment. Importantly, curculigoside significantly increased OPG secretion. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that curculigoside could promote BMSC proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The most profound response was observed with 100 µm curculigoside. These findings may be valuable for understanding the mechanism of the effect of curculigoside on bone, especially in relation to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Shen
- Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Potential antiosteoporotic agents from plants: a comprehensive review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:364604. [PMID: 23365596 PMCID: PMC3551255 DOI: 10.1155/2012/364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health hazard and is a disease of old age; it is a silent epidemic affecting more than 200 million people worldwide in recent years. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research many plants and their compounds have been shown to possess antiosteoporosis activity. This paper reviews the medicinal plants displaying antiosteoporosis properties including their origin, active constituents, and pharmacological data. The plants reported here are the ones which are commonly used in traditional medical systems and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness against osteoporosis. Although many plants have the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so far, only a fraction of these plants have been thoroughly investigated for their physiological and pharmacological properties including their mechanism of action. An attempt should be made to highlight plant species with possible antiosteoporosis properties and they should be investigated further to help with future drug development for treating this disease.
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Don MJ, Lin LC, Chiou WF. Neobavaisoflavone stimulates osteogenesis via p38-mediated up-regulation of transcription factors and osteoid genes expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:551-561. [PMID: 22397994 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neobavaisoflavone (NBIF) is an isoflavone isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L, a plant claimed to have osteogenic activity and used to treat bone fractures, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. The present results showed that NBIF concentration-dependently promoted osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1cells, demonstrated by notable enhancement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, increase of bone-specific matrix proteins expression including type I collagen (Col-I), osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), and formation of bone nodules. However, cell proliferation in the presence of NBIF was not affected. Results also demonstrated that NBIF up-regulated the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx), the bone-specific transcription factors participating in regulation of bone marker genes expression. Application of p38 inhibitor SB203580 repressed not only NBIF-induced activation of ALP, the expression of Col-I, OCN and BSP, but also the matrix proteins mineralization. Western blot analysis further revealed that NBIF increased the phosphorylated level of p38 concentration-dependently. Additionally, inhibition of p38 abolished the stimulatory effect of NBIF on the expression of Runx2 and Osx. Taken together, the osteogenic activity of NBIF might probably act through activation of p38-dependent signaling pathway to up-regulate the mRNA levels of Runx2 and Osx then stimulate bone matrix proteins expression. The beneficial effect of NBIF on mineralization demonstrated that NBIF represented as an active component existed in P. corylifolia and might be a potential anabolic agent to treat bone loss-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jaw Don
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Diosgenin stimulates osteogenic activity by increasing bone matrix protein synthesis and bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:1055-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The novel isoflavone derivatives inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 648:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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The association between onion consumption and bone density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal non-Hispanic white women 50 years and older. Menopause 2009; 16:756-9. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31819581a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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