1
|
Vom Scheidt A, Krug J, Goggin P, Bakker AD, Busse B. 2D vs. 3D Evaluation of Osteocyte Lacunae - Methodological Approaches, Recommended Parameters, and Challenges: A Narrative Review by the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS). Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024:10.1007/s11914-024-00877-z. [PMID: 38980532 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quantification of the morphology of osteocyte lacunae has become a powerful tool to investigate bone metabolism, pathologies and aging. This review will provide a brief overview of 2D and 3D imaging methods for the determination of lacunar shape, orientation, density, and volume. Deviations between 2D-based and 3D-based lacunar volume estimations are often not sufficiently addressed and may give rise to contradictory findings. Thus, the systematic error arising from 2D-based estimations of lacunar volume will be discussed, and an alternative calculation proposed. Further, standardized morphological parameters and best practices for sampling and segmentation are suggested. RECENT FINDINGS We quantified the errors in reported estimation methods of lacunar volume based on 2D cross-sections, which increase with variations in lacunar orientation and histological cutting plane. The estimations of lacunar volume based on common practice in 2D imaging methods resulted in an underestimation of lacunar volume of up to 85% compared to actual lacunar volume in an artificial dataset. For a representative estimation of lacunar size and morphology based on 2D images, at least 400 lacunae should be assessed per sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Vom Scheidt
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, Graz, 8036, Austria.
| | - Johannes Krug
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 55a, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Goggin
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Laboratory and Pathology Block, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Astrid Diana Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Amsterdam, 3004, 1081 LA, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 55a, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Holstad TS, Dresselhaus-Marais LE, Ræder TM, Kozioziemski B, van Driel T, Seaberg M, Folsom E, Eggert JH, Knudsen EB, Nielsen MM, Simons H, Haldrup K, Poulsen HF. Real-time imaging of acoustic waves in bulk materials with X-ray microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307049120. [PMID: 37725646 PMCID: PMC10523471 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307049120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of lattice vibrations govern many material processes, such as acoustic wave propagation, displacive phase transitions, and ballistic thermal transport. The maximum velocity of these processes and their effects is determined by the speed of sound, which therefore defines the temporal resolution (picoseconds) needed to resolve these phenomena on their characteristic length scales (nanometers). Here, we present an X-ray microscope capable of imaging acoustic waves with subpicosecond resolution within mm-sized crystals. We directly visualize the generation, propagation, branching, and energy dissipation of longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves in diamond, demonstrating how mechanical energy thermalizes from picosecond to microsecond timescales. Bulk characterization techniques capable of resolving this level of structural detail have previously been available on millisecond time scales-orders of magnitude too slow to capture these fundamental phenomena in solid-state physics and geoscience. As such, the reported results provide broad insights into the interaction of acoustic waves with the structure of materials, and the availability of ultrafast time-resolved dark-field X-ray microscopy opens a vista of new opportunities for 3D imaging of materials dynamics on their intrinsic submicrosecond time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodor S. Holstad
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Leora E. Dresselhaus-Marais
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025-7015
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550-9234
| | - Trygve Magnus Ræder
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Bernard Kozioziemski
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550-9234
| | - Tim van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025-7015
| | - Matthew Seaberg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025-7015
| | - Eric Folsom
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550-9234
| | - Jon H. Eggert
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550-9234
| | | | | | - Hugh Simons
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mom K, Langer M, Sixou B. Deep Gauss-Newton for phase retrieval. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1136-1139. [PMID: 36857232 DOI: 10.1364/ol.484862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose the deep Gauss-Newton (DGN) algorithm. The DGN allows one to take into account the knowledge of the forward model in a deep neural network by unrolling a Gauss-Newton optimization method. No regularization or step size needs to be chosen; they are learned through convolutional neural networks. The proposed algorithm does not require an initial reconstruction and is able to retrieve simultaneously the phase and absorption from a single-distance diffraction pattern. The DGN method was applied to both simulated and experimental data and permitted large improvements of the reconstruction error and of the resolution compared with a state-of-the-art iterative method and another neural-network-based reconstruction algorithm.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dall'Ara E, Bodey AJ, Isaksson H, Tozzi G. A practical guide for in situ mechanical testing of musculoskeletal tissues using synchrotron tomography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105297. [PMID: 35691205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tissues are complex hierarchical materials where mechanical response is linked to structural and material properties at different dimensional levels. Therefore, high-resolution three-dimensional tomography is very useful for assessing tissue properties at different scales. In particular, Synchrotron Radiation micro-Computed Tomography (SR-microCT) has been used in several applications to analyze the structure of bone and biomaterials. In the past decade the development of digital volume correlation (DVC) algorithms applied to SR-microCT images and its combination with in situ mechanical testing (four-dimensional imaging) have allowed researchers to visualise, for the first time, the deformation of musculoskeletal tissues and their interaction with biomaterials under different loading scenarios. However, there are several experimental challenges that make these measurements difficult and at high risk of failure. Challenges relate to sample preparation, imaging parameters, loading setup, accumulated tissue damage for multiple tomographic acquisitions, reconstruction methods and data processing. Considering that access to SR-microCT facilities is usually associated with bidding processes and long waiting times, the failure of these experiments could notably slow down the advancement of this research area and reduce its impact. Many of the experimental failures can be avoided with increased experience in performing the tests and better guidelines for preparation and execution of these complex experiments; publication of negative results could help interested researchers to avoid recurring mistakes. Therefore, the goal of this article is to highlight the potential and pitfalls in the design and execution of in situ SR-microCT experiments, involving multiple scans, of musculoskeletal tissues for the assessment of their structural and/or mechanical properties. The advice and guidelines that follow should improve the success rate of this type of experiment, allowing the community to reach higher impact more efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dall'Ara
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | | | - H Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Tozzi
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thies M, Wagner F, Huang Y, Gu M, Kling L, Pechmann S, Aust O, Grüneboom A, Schett G, Christiansen S, Maier A. Calibration by differentiation - Self-supervised calibration for X-ray microscopy using a differentiable cone-beam reconstruction operator. J Microsc 2022; 287:81-92. [PMID: 35638174 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution X-ray microscopy (XRM) is gaining interest for biological investigations of extremely small-scale structures. XRM imaging of bones in living mice could provide new insights into the emergence and treatment of osteoporosis by observing osteocyte lacunae, which are holes in the bone of few micrometers in size. Imaging living animals at that resolution, however, is extremely challenging and requires very sophisticated data processing converting the raw XRM detector output into reconstructed images. This paper presents an open-source, differentiable reconstruction pipeline for XRM data which analytically computes the final image from the raw measurements. In contrast to most proprietary reconstruction software, it offers the user full control over each processing step and, additionally, makes the entire pipeline deep learning compatible by ensuring differentiability. This allows fitting trainable modules both before and after the actual reconstruction step in a purely data-driven way using the gradient-based optimizers of common deep learning frameworks. The value of such differentiability is demonstrated by calibrating the parameters of a simple cupping correction module operating on the raw projection images using only a self-supervisory quality metric based on the reconstructed volume and no further calibration measurements. The retrospective calibration directly improves image quality as it avoids cupping artifacts and decreases the difference in gray values between outer and inner bone by 68% to 94%. Furthermore, it makes the reconstruction process entirely independent of the XRM manufacturer and paves the way to explore modern deep learning reconstruction methods for arbitrary XRM and, potentially, other flat-panel CT systems. This exemplifies how differentiable reconstruction can be leveraged in the context of XRM and, hence, is an important step toward the goal of reducing the resolution limit of in-vivo bone imaging to the single micrometer domain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Thies
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Wagner
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yixing Huang
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mingxuan Gu
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lasse Kling
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy e.V. INAM, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pechmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Aust
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy e.V. INAM, Forchheim, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Forchheim, Germany.,Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suuronen JP, Hesse B, Langer M, Bohner M, Villanova J. Evaluation of imaging setups for quantitative phase contrast nanoCT of mineralized biomaterials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:843-852. [PMID: 35511016 PMCID: PMC9070718 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
X-ray nano-tomography with phase contrast (nanoCT) using synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool to non-destructively investigate 3D material properties at the nanoscale. In large bone lesions, such as severe bone fractures, bone cancer or other diseases, bone grafts substituting the lost bone might be necessary. Such grafts can be of biological origin or be composed of a synthetic bone substitute. The long-term functioning of artificial bone substitutes depends on many factors. Synchrotron nanoCT imaging has great potential to contribute to further the understanding of integration of implants into bone tissue by imaging the spatial interaction between bone tissue and implant, and by accessing the interface between implant material and bone tissue. With this aim, a methodology for evaluating the image quality is presented for in-line phase contrast nanoCT images of bone scaffold samples. A PMMA-embedded tricalcium phosphate scaffold was used with both a closed and an open porosity structure and bone ingrowths as a representative system of three known materials. Parameters such as spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio were extracted and used to explore and quantitatively compare the effects of implementation choices in the imaging setup, such as camera technology and imaging energy, on the resulting image quality. Increasing the X-ray energy from 17.5 keV to 29.6 keV leads to a notable improvement in image quality regardless of the camera technology used, with the two tested camera setups performing at a comparable level when the recorded intensity was kept constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussi-Petteri Suuronen
- Xploraytion, Bismarckstrasse 10-12, 10625 Berlin, Germany
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion, Bismarckstrasse 10-12, 10625 Berlin, Germany
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Max Langer
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, 69621 Lyon, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Bohner
- RMS Foundation, Bischmattstrasse 12, 2544 Bettlach, Switzerland
| | - Julie Villanova
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan J, Labrinidis A, Williams R, Mian M, Anderson PJ, Ranjitkar S. Micro-CT-Based Bone Microarchitecture Analysis of the Murine Skull. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2403:129-145. [PMID: 34913121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1847-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging has important applications in microarchitecture analysis of cortical and trabecular bone structure. While standardized protocols exist for micro-CT-based microarchitecture assessment of long bones, specific protocols need to be developed for different types of skull bones taking into account differences in embryogenesis, organization, development, and growth compared to the rest of the body. This chapter describes the general principles of bone microarchitecture analysis of murine craniofacial skeleton to accommodate for morphological variations in different regions of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Tan
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Agatha Labrinidis
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ruth Williams
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mustafa Mian
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bailleul AM, Lu J, Li Z. DiceCT applied to fossilized hard tissues: A preliminary case study using a miocene bird. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 336:364-375. [PMID: 33666331 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Iodine-based contrasting agents for computed tomography (CT) have been used for decades in medicine. Agents like Lugol's iodine enhance the contrasts between soft tissues and mineralized (skeletal) tissues. Because a recent study on extant avian heads showed that iodine-ethanol (I2 E) is a better contrast enhancer overall than the standard Lugol's iodine, here, we tested if I2 E could also enhance the CT contrasts of two fossilized skeletal tissues: bone and calcified cartilage. For this, we used a partial ankle joint from an extinct pheasant from the Late Miocene of Northwest China (Linxia Basin). The pre-staining CT scans showed no microstructural details of the sample. After being immersed into a solution of 1% I2 E for 8 days and scanned a second time, the contrasts were drastically enhanced between the mineralized tissues (bony trabeculae and calcified cartilage) and the sediments and minerals inside vascular spaces. After three other staining-scanning cycles in 2%, 3%, and 6% I2 E solutions, the best contrasts were obtained after immersion in 6% I2 E for 7 days. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy showed that iodine was preferentially absorbed by the mineralized tissues and the minerals in the vascular spaces, but not by the sediments. This method not only effectively increased the contrasts of two different fossilized skeletal tissues, it was also non-destructive and reversible because part of the fossil was successfully de-stained after a few days in pure ethanol. These preliminary results indicate that iodine-ethanol has the potential to be used widely in vertebrate paleontology to improve CT imaging of fossilized tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alida M Bailleul
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vahidi G, Rux C, Sherk VD, Heveran CM. Lacunar-canalicular bone remodeling: Impacts on bone quality and tools for assessment. Bone 2021; 143:115663. [PMID: 32987198 PMCID: PMC7769905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes can resorb as well as replace bone adjacent to the expansive lacunar-canalicular system (LCS). Suppressed LCS remodeling decreases bone fracture toughness, but it is unclear how altered LCS remodeling impacts bone quality. The first goal of this review is to assess how LCS remodeling impacts LCS morphology as well as the composition and mechanical properties of surrounding bone tissue. The second goal is to compare tools available for the assessment of bone quality at length-scales that are physiologically-relevant to LCS remodeling. We find that changes to LCS morphology occur in response to a variety of physiological conditions and diseases and can be classified in two general phenotypes. In the 'aging phenotype', seen in aging and in some disuse models, the LCS is truncated and osteocytes apoptosis is increased. In the 'osteocytic osteolysis' phenotype, which is adaptive in some physiological settings and possibly maladaptive in others, the LCS enlarges and osteocytes generally maintain viability. Bone composition and mechanical properties vary near the osteocyte and change with at least some conditions that alter LCS morphology. However, few studies have evaluated bone composition and mechanical properties close to the LCS and so the impacts of LCS remodeling phenotypes on bone tissue quality are still undetermined. We summarize the current understanding of how LCS remodeling impacts LCS morphology, tissue-scale bone composition and mechanical properties, and whole-bone material properties. Tools are compared for assessing tissue-scale bone properties, as well as the resolution, advantages, and limitations of these techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - C Rux
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - V D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - C M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wittig NK, Birkbak ME, Bach-Gansmo FL, Pacureanu A, Wendelboe MH, Brüel A, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H. No Signature of Osteocytic Osteolysis in Cortical Bone from Lactating NMRI Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:308-315. [PMID: 31147741 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The roles of osteocytes in bone homeostasis have garnered increasing attention since it has been realized that osteocytes communicate with other organs. It has long been debated whether and/or to which degree osteocytes can break down the bone matrix surrounding them in a process called osteocytic osteolysis. Osteocytic osteolysis has been indicated to be induced by a number of skeletal challenges including lactation in CD1 and C57BL/6 mice, whereas immobilization-induced osteocytic osteolysis is still a matter of controversy. Motivated by the wish to understand this process better, we studied osteocyte lacunae in lactating NMRI mice, which is a widely used outbred mouse strain. Surprisingly, no trace of osteocytic osteolysis could be detected in tibial or femoral cortical bone either by 3D investigation by synchrotron nanotomography, by studies of lacunar cross-sectional areas using scanning electron microscopy, or by light microscopy. These results lead us to conclude that osteocytic osteolysis does not occur in NMRI mice as a response to lactation, in turn suggesting that osteocytic osteolysis may not play a generic role in mobilizing calcium during lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kølln Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mie Elholm Birkbak
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Fiona Linnea Bach-Gansmo
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mette Høegh Wendelboe
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Skovhus Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:533-549. [PMID: 31395974 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone is organized in a hierarchical 3D architecture. Traditionally, analysis of the skeletal system was based on bone mass assessment by radiographic methods or on the examination of bone structure by 2D histological sections. Advanced imaging technologies and big data analysis now enable the unprecedented examination of bone and provide new insights into its 3D macrostructure and microstructure. These technologies comprise ex vivo and in vivo methods including high-resolution computed tomography (CT), synchrotron-based imaging, X-ray microscopy, ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, confocal and intravital two-photon imaging. In concert, these techniques have been used to detect and quantify a novel vascular system of trans-cortical vessels in bone. Furthermore, structures such as the lacunar network, which harbours and connects osteocytes, become accessible for 3D imaging and quantification using these methods. Next-generation imaging of the skeletal system and its blood supply are anticipated to contribute to an entirely new understanding of bone tissue composition and function, from macroscale to nanoscale, in health and disease. These insights could provide the basis for early detection and precision-type intervention of bone disorders in the future.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteocytes are the most abundant bone cells. They are completely encased in mineralized tissue, sitting inside lacunae that are connected by a multitude of canaliculi. In recent years, the osteocyte network has been shown to fulfill endocrine functions and to communicate with a number of other organs. This review addresses emerging knowledge on the connectome of the lacunocanalicular network in different types of bone tissue. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in three-dimensional imaging technology started to reveal parameters that are well known from general theory to characterize the function of networks, such as network density, degree of nodes, or shortest path length through the network. The connectome of the lacunocanalicular network differs in some aspects between lamellar and woven bone and seems to change with age. More research is needed to relate network structure to function, such as intercellular transport or communication and its role in mechanosensation, as well as to understand the effect of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord 32, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shanblatt ER, Sung Y, Gupta R, Nelson BJ, Leng S, Graves WS, McCollough CH. Forward model for propagation-based x-ray phase contrast imaging in parallel- and cone-beam geometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4504-4521. [PMID: 30876068 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a fast, flexible, and accurate paraxial wave propagation model to serve as a forward model for propagation-based X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) in parallel-beam or cone-beam geometry. This model incorporates geometric cone-beam effects into the multi-slice beam propagation method. It enables rapid prototyping and is well suited to serve as a forward model for propagation-based X-ray phase contrast tomographic reconstructions. Furthermore, it is capable of modeling arbitrary objects, including those that are strongly or multi-scattering. Simulation studies were conducted to compare our model to other forward models in the X-ray regime, such as the Mie and full-wave Rytov solutions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ciani A, Toumi H, Pallu S, Tsai EHR, Diaz A, Guizar-Sicairos M, Holler M, Lespessailles E, Kewish CM. Ptychographic X-ray CT characterization of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network in a male rat's glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis model. Bone Rep 2018; 9:122-131. [PMID: 30246062 PMCID: PMC6146379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) is a quantitative imaging modality that non-destructively maps the 3D electron density inside an object with tens of nanometers spatial resolution. This method provides unique access to the morphology and structure of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) and nanoscale density of the tissue in the vicinity of an osteocyte lacuna. Herein, we applied PXCT to characterize the lacunae and LCN in a male Wistar rat model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). The ptychographic images revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the number of canaliculi originating from the lacuna per ellipsoidal surface unit, Ca.Nb (p = 0.0106), and the 3D morphology of the lacuna (p = 0.0064), between GIO and SHAM groups. Moreover, the mean canalicular diameter, Ca.Dm, was slightly statistically un-significantly smaller in GIO (152 ± 6.5) nm than in SHAM group (165 ± 8) nm (p = 0.053). Our findings indicate that PXCT can non-destructively provide detailed, nanoscale information on the 3D organization of the LCN in correlative studies of pathologies, such as osteoporosis, leading to improved diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Ciani
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,EA4708, Imagerie Multimodale, Multiéchelles et Modélisation du Tissu Osseux et Articulaire (I3MTO), Université d'Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- EA4708, Imagerie Multimodale, Multiéchelles et Modélisation du Tissu Osseux et Articulaire (I3MTO), Université d'Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France.,Département Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- EA4708, Imagerie Multimodale, Multiéchelles et Modélisation du Tissu Osseux et Articulaire (I3MTO), Université d'Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France
| | | | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- EA4708, Imagerie Multimodale, Multiéchelles et Modélisation du Tissu Osseux et Articulaire (I3MTO), Université d'Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France.,Département Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Cameron M Kewish
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The bone is able to adapt its structure to mechanical signals via the bone remodeling process governed by mechanosensitive osteocytes. With aging, an imbalance in bone remodeling results in osteoporosis. In this review, we hypothesized that changes in lacunar morphology underlie the decreased bone mechanoresponsiveness to mechanical loading with aging. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have reported considerable variations in the shape of osteocytes and their lacunae with aging. Since osteocytes can sense matrix strain directly via their cell bodies, the variations in osteocyte morphology may cause changes in osteocyte mechanosensitivity. As a consequence, the load-adaptive response of osteocytes may change with aging, even when mechanical loading would remain unchanged. Though extensive quantitative data is lacking, evidence exists that the osteocyte lacunae are becoming smaller and more spherical with aging. Future dedicated studies might reveal whether these changes would affect osteocyte mechanosensation and the subsequent biological response, and whether this is (one of) the pathways involved in age-related bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Hemmatian
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300c, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid D. Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Harry van Lenthe
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300c, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Efimov AE, Agapov II, Agapova OI, Oleinikov VA, Mezin AV, Molinari M, Nabiev I, Mochalov KE. A novel design of a scanning probe microscope integrated with an ultramicrotome for serial block-face nanotomography. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:023701. [PMID: 28249537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a new concept of a combined scanning probe microscope (SPM)/ultramicrotome apparatus. It enables "slice-and-view" scanning probe nanotomography measurements and 3D reconstruction of the bulk sample nanostructure from series of SPM images after consecutive ultrathin sections. The sample is fixed on a flat XYZ scanning piezostage mounted on the ultramicrotome arm. The SPM measuring head with a cantilever tip and a laser-photodiode tip detection system approaches the sample for SPM measurements of the block-face surface immediately after the ultramicrotome sectioning is performed. The SPM head is moved along guides that are also fixed on the ultramicrotome arm. Thereby, relative dysfunctional displacements of the tip, the sample, and the ultramicrotome knife are minimized. The design of the SPM head enables open frontal optical access to the sample block-face adapted for high-resolution optical lenses for correlative SPM/optical microscopy applications. The new system can be used in a wide range of applications for the study of 3D nanostructures of biological objects, biomaterials, polymer nanocomposites, and nanohybrid materials in various SPM and optical microscopy measuring modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton E Efimov
- Laboratory of Bionanotechology, V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Shchukinskaya St., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Agapov
- Laboratory of Bionanotechology, V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Shchukinskaya St., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I Agapova
- Laboratory of Bionanotechology, V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Shchukinskaya St., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Oleinikov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse, 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mezin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Molinari
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse, 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin E Mochalov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse, 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|