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Pradel N, Bartoli M, Koenen M, Bale N, Neumann-Schaal M, Spröer C, Bunk B, Rohde M, Pester M, Spring S. Description and genome analysis of a novel archaeon isolated from a syntrophic pyrite-forming enrichment culture and reclassification of Methanospirillum hungatei strains GP1 and SK as Methanospirillum purgamenti sp. nov. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308405. [PMID: 39186748 PMCID: PMC11346949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The archaeal isolate J.3.6.1-F.2.7.3T was obtained from an anaerobic enrichment culture, where it may play an important role in methane production during pyrite formation. The new isolate formed a species-level clade with Methanospirillum hungatei strains GP1 and SK, which is separate from the type strain JF-1T. Cultivation-independent surveys indicate the occurrence of this phylogenetic group in sediments and anaerobic digesters. The abundance of this clade appears to be negatively affected by high nitrogen loads, indicating a sensitivity to certain nitrogen compounds that is not known in M. hungatei JF-1T. The relatively large core genome of this Methanospirillum clade is indicative of niche specialization and efficient control of horizontal gene transfer. Genes for nitrogenase and F420-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase contribute to the metabolic versatility of this lineage. Characteristics of the new isolate such as the ability to utilize 2-propanol as an electron donor or the requirement for acetate as a carbon source are found also in the strains GP1 and SK, but not in the type strain M. hungatei JF-1T. Based on the genomic differences to related species, a new species within the genus Methanospirillum is proposed with the name M. purgamenti sp. nov. The determined phenotypic characteristics support this proposal and indicate a metabolic adaptation to a separate ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pradel
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, Marseille, France
| | - Manon Bartoli
- CNRS/INSU, IRD, MIO, UM 110, Aix-Marseille Université, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Koenen
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bale
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Research Group Metabolomics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Department Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Department Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Pester
- Department Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Spring
- Department Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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2
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Chin KJ, Ünal B, Sanderson M, Aboderin F, Nüsslein K. Selective trace elements significantly enhanced methane production in coal bed methane systems by stimulating microbial activity. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0350823. [PMID: 38236038 PMCID: PMC10846109 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03508-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are associated with the microbial degradation of organic matter and methanogenesis, as enzymes in metabolic pathways often employ trace elements as essential cofactors. However, only a few studies investigated the effects of trace elements on the metabolic activity of microbial communities associated with biogenic coalbed methane production. We aimed to determine the effects of strategically selected trace elements on structure and function of active bacterial and methanogenic communities to stimulate methane production in subsurface coalbeds. Microcosms were established with produced water and coal from coalbed methane wells located in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. In initial pilot experiments with eight different trace elements, individual amendments of Co, Cu, and Mo lead to significantly higher methane production. Transcript levels of mcrA, the key marker gene for methanogenesis, positively correlated with increased methane production. Phylogenetic analysis of the mcrA cDNA library demonstrated compositional shifts of the active methanogenic community and increase of their diversity, particularly of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. High-throughput sequencing of cDNA obtained from 16S rRNA demonstrated active and abundant bacterial groups in response to trace element amendments. Active Acetobacterium members increased in response to Co, Cu, and Mo additions. The findings of this study yield new insights into the importance of essential trace elements on the metabolic activity of microbial communities involved in subsurface coalbed methane and provide a better understanding of how microbial community composition is shaped by trace elements.IMPORTANCEMicrobial life in the deep subsurface of coal beds is limited by nutrient replenishment. While coal bed microbial communities are surrounded by carbon sources, we hypothesized that other nutrients such as trace elements needed as cofactors for enzymes are missing. Amendment of selected trace elements resulted in compositional shifts of the active methanogenic and bacterial communities and correlated with higher transcript levels of mcrA. The findings of this study yield new insights to not only identify possible limitations of microbes by replenishment of trace elements within their specific hydrological placement but also into the importance of essential trace elements for the metabolic activity of microbial communities involved in subsurface coalbed methane production and provides a better understanding of how microbial community composition is shaped by trace elements. Furthermore, this finding might help to revive already spent coal bed methane well systems with the ultimate goal to stimulate methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-Jeong Chin
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Burcu Ünal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Engineering, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Michael Sanderson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Feranmi Aboderin
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Klaus Nüsslein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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An T, Kim YK. Effect of selenium and tungsten on cell growth and metabolite production in syngas fermentation using "Clostridium autoethanogenum". J Biotechnol 2022; 356:60-64. [PMID: 35878811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of tungsten and selenium on cell growth and production of metabolites such as acetic acid and ethanol when fermenting syngas using "Clostridium autoethanogenum" was investigated to improve the process efficiency. General concentrations of selenium and tungsten in the medium are 0.01µM during acetogenic syngas fermentation. We conducted culture experiments at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1µM for each heavy metal. The effect of selenium on cell growth and total metabolite production was greater than that of tungsten as the effect of selenium on formate dehydrogenase, an important enzyme of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, is greater than that of tungsten. Although an increase in tungsten had a marginal effect on total metabolite production, the ethanol/acetic acid production ratio increased significantly due to a decrease in acetic acid and an increase in ethanol production. Thus, tungsten plays a key role in activating aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a key enzyme in the reduction of acetate to ethanol. A specific ethanol productivity of 0.462g ethanol/g DCW∙d was obtained in a culture using 0.01µM selenium and 0.1µM tungsten, which was 2.18 times higher than when using 0.01µM of both selenium and tungsten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegwang An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Center of Chemical Technology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kee Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Center of Chemical Technology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Westerholm M, Calusinska M, Dolfing J. Syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria in methanogenic systems. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:fuab057. [PMID: 34875063 PMCID: PMC8892533 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutual nutritional cooperation underpinning syntrophic propionate degradation provides a scant amount of energy for the microorganisms involved, so propionate degradation often acts as a bottleneck in methanogenic systems. Understanding the ecology, physiology and metabolic capacities of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria (SPOB) is of interest in both engineered and natural ecosystems, as it offers prospects to guide further development of technologies for biogas production and biomass-derived chemicals, and is important in forecasting contributions by biogenic methane emissions to climate change. SPOB are distributed across different phyla. They can exhibit broad metabolic capabilities in addition to syntrophy (e.g. fermentative, sulfidogenic and acetogenic metabolism) and demonstrate variations in interplay with cooperating partners, indicating nuances in their syntrophic lifestyle. In this review, we discuss distinctions in gene repertoire and organization for the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway, hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases, and emerging facets of (formate/hydrogen/direct) electron transfer mechanisms. We also use information from cultivations, thermodynamic calculations and omic analyses as the basis for identifying environmental conditions governing propionate oxidation in various ecosystems. Overall, this review improves basic and applied understanding of SPOB and highlights knowledge gaps, hopefully encouraging future research and engineering on propionate metabolism in biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Westerholm
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCentre, Almas allé 5, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Calusinska
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, rue du Brill 41, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Dolfing
- Faculty of Energy and Environment, Northumbria University, Wynne Jones 2.11, Ellison Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8QH, UK
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5
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Molaey R, Bayrakdar A, Sürmeli RÖ, Çalli B. Anaerobic digestion of chicken manure: Influence of trace element supplementation. Eng Life Sci 2018; 19:143-150. [PMID: 32624996 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, anaerobic digestion of nitrogen-rich chicken (egg-laying hen) manure at different trace element (TE) mix doses and different total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations was investigated in batch digestion experiments. With respect to nonsupplemented TE sets, addition of TE mixture containing 1 mg/L Ni, 1 mg/L Co, 0.2 mg/L Mo, 0.2 mg/L Se, 0.2 mg/L W, and 5 mg/L Fe at TAN concentrations of 3000 mg/L and 4000 mg/L, cumulative CH4 production and CH4 production rate improved by 7-8% and 5-6%, respectively. The results revealed that at a very high TAN concentration of 6000 mg/L, the effect of TE addition was significantly high and the cumulative CH4 production and production rate were increased by 20 and 39.5%, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that at elevated TAN concentrations the CH4 production that was stimulated by TE supplementation was presumably occurred through syntrophic acetate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Molaey
- Environmental Engineering Department Marmara University Istanbul Turkey.,Technology of Organic Substances Department Kabul Polytechnic University Kabul Afghanistan
| | - Alper Bayrakdar
- Environmental Engineering Department Marmara University Istanbul Turkey.,Environmental Engineering Department Necmettin Erbakan University Konya Turkey
| | - Recep Önder Sürmeli
- Environmental Engineering Department Marmara University Istanbul Turkey.,Environmental Engineering Department Bartın University Bartın Turkey
| | - Bariş Çalli
- Environmental Engineering Department Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
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6
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Molaey R, Bayrakdar A, Çalli B. Long-term influence of trace element deficiency on anaerobic mono-digestion of chicken manure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:743-748. [PMID: 29986321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings showed that some trace elements essential for anaerobic digestion might be deficient in chicken (laying hens) manure. In this study, the long-term influence of trace element deficiency on anaerobic mono-digestion of chicken manure was investigated. Three bench-scale anaerobic reactors were operated with or without trace element supplementation. As trace element, only Se or a mix containing Co, Mo, Ni, Se, and W was added to the reactors. The results revealed that in anaerobic digestion of chicken manure at total ammonium nitrogen concentrations over 6000 mg L-1, Se supplementation was critical but not sufficient alone for long-term stable CH4 production. Addition of a mix consisting of Co, Mo, Ni, Se and W resulted in a more stable digestion performance. Daily trace element mix supplementation promoted the hydrogenotrophic Methanoculleus bourgensis, which is an ammonia tolerant methanogen. The decrease in the relative abundance of Methanoculleus detected after termination of trace element addition and resulted in accumulation of acetate and propionate that followed by a significant decrease in CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Molaey
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey; Kabul Polytechnic University, 5th District, Red Crescent Avenue, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Alper Bayrakdar
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140 Meram, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Bariş Çalli
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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Sedano-Núñez VT, Boeren S, Stams AJM, Plugge CM. Comparative proteome analysis of propionate degradation by Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans in pure culture and in coculture with methanogens. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1842-1856. [PMID: 29611893 PMCID: PMC5947623 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans is a sulfate-reducing bacterium able to grow on propionate axenically or in syntrophic interaction with methanogens or other sulfate-reducing bacteria. We performed a proteome analysis of S. fumaroxidans growing with propionate axenically with sulfate or fumarate, and in syntrophy with Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanobacterium formicicum or Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Special attention was put on the role of hydrogen and formate in interspecies electron transfer (IET) and energy conservation. Formate dehydrogenase Fdh1 and hydrogenase Hox were the main confurcating enzymes used for energy conservation. In the periplasm, Fdh2 and hydrogenase Hyn play an important role in reverse electron transport associated with succinate oxidation. Periplasmic Fdh3 and Fdh5 were involved in IET. The sulfate reduction pathway was poorly regulated and many enzymes associated with sulfate reduction (Sat, HppA, AprAB, DsrAB and DsrC) were abundant even at conditions where sulfate was not present. Proteins similar to heterodisulfide reductases (Hdr) were abundant. Hdr/Flox was detected in all conditions while HdrABC/HdrL was exclusively detected when sulfate was available; these complexes most likely confurcate electrons. Our results suggest that S. fumaroxidans mainly used formate for electron release and that different confurcating mechanisms were used in its sulfidogenic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente T Sedano-Núñez
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Ziels RM, Svensson BH, Sundberg C, Larsson M, Karlsson A, Yekta SS. Microbial rRNA gene expression and co-occurrence profiles associate with biokinetics and elemental composition in full-scale anaerobic digesters. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:694-709. [PMID: 29633555 PMCID: PMC6011980 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the abundance and expression of microbial 16S rRNA genes were associated with elemental concentrations and substrate conversion biokinetics in 20 full-scale anaerobic digesters, including seven municipal sewage sludge (SS) digesters and 13 industrial codigesters. SS digester contents had higher methane production rates from acetate, propionate and phenyl acetate compared to industrial codigesters. SS digesters and industrial codigesters were distinctly clustered based on their elemental concentrations, with higher concentrations of NH3 -N, Cl, K and Na observed in codigesters. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA revealed divergent grouping of microbial communities between mesophilic SS digesters, mesophilic codigesters and thermophilic digesters. Higher intradigester distances between Archaea 16S rRNA and rRNA gene profiles were observed in mesophilic codigesters, which also had the lowest acetate utilization biokinetics. Constrained ordination showed that microbial rRNA and rRNA gene profiles were significantly associated with maximum methane production rates from acetate, propionate, oleate and phenyl acetate, as well as concentrations of NH3 -N, Fe, S, Mo and Ni. A co-occurrence network of rRNA gene expression confirmed the three main clusters of anaerobic digester communities based on active populations. Syntrophic and methanogenic taxa were highly represented within the subnetworks, indicating that obligate energy-sharing partnerships play critical roles in stabilizing the digester microbiome. Overall, these results provide new evidence showing that different feed substrates associate with different micronutrient compositions in anaerobic digesters, which in turn may influence microbial abundance, activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Ziels
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bo H Svensson
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carina Sundberg
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Larsson
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Sepehr Shakeri Yekta
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Hendriks A, van Lier J, de Kreuk M. Growth media in anaerobic fermentative processes: The underestimated potential of thermophilic fermentation and anaerobic digestion. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Bayrakdar A, Sürmeli RÖ, Çalli B. Dry anaerobic digestion of chicken manure coupled with membrane separation of ammonia. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:816-823. [PMID: 28841786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anaerobic digestion of egg-laying hen manure combined with membrane-based ammonia separation was investigated. Long-term continuous experiments with and without ammonia separation were performed by increasing the organic loading rate (OLR). Although the control digester was completely inhibited at an OLR and influent total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentration of 3.85kgVS/m3·d and 8.2g/l, respectively, an average methane yield of 0.30±0.02m3/kgVS was achieved with a membrane-integrated digester at an OLR and influent TKN concentration of 6.0kgVS/m3·d and 15g/l, respectively. When the ammonia concentration increased above 4000mg/l, hydrogenotrophic methanogens Methanoculleus bourgensis and Methanobrevibacter sp. performed methane production via syntrophic acetate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Bayrakdar
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140 Meram, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Recep Önder Sürmeli
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey
| | - Baris Çalli
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Determination of the Genome and Primary Transcriptome of Syngas Fermenting Eubacterium limosum ATCC 8486. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13694. [PMID: 29057933 PMCID: PMC5651825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotrophic conversion of CO2 to value-added biochemicals has received considerable attention as a sustainable route to replace fossil fuels. Particularly, anaerobic acetogenic bacteria are naturally capable of reducing CO2 or CO to various metabolites. To fully utilize their biosynthetic potential, an understanding of acetogenesis-related genes and their regulatory elements is required. Here, we completed the genome sequence of the syngas fermenting Eubacterium limosum ATCC 8486 and determined its transcription start sites (TSS). We constructed a 4.4 Mb long circular genome with a GC content of 47.2% and 4,090 protein encoding genes. To understand the transcriptional and translational regulation, the primary transcriptome was augmented, identifying 1,458 TSSs containing a high pyrimidine (T/C) and purine nucleotide (A/G) content at the −1 and +1 position, respectively, along with 1,253 5′-untranslated regions, and principal promoter elements such as −10 (TATAAT) and −35 (TTGACA), and Shine-Dalgarno motifs (GGAGR). Further analysis revealed 93 non-coding RNAs, including one for potential transcriptional regulation of the hydrogenase complex via interaction with molybdenum or tungsten cofactors, which in turn controls formate dehydrogenase activity of the initial step of Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Our results provide comprehensive genomic information for strain engineering to enhance the syngas fermenting capacity of acetogenic bacteria.
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12
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Muñoz Sierra JD, Lafita C, Gabaldón C, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Trace metals supplementation in anaerobic membrane bioreactors treating highly saline phenolic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:106-114. [PMID: 28319758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomass requires trace metals (TM) for maintaining its growth and activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of TM supplementation and partitioning on the specific methanogenic activity (SMA), with a focus on cobalt and tungsten, during the start-up of two lab-scale Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBRs) treating saline phenolic wastewater. The TM partitioning revealed a strong accumulation of sodium in the biomass matrix and a wash-out of the majority of TM in the reactors, which led to an SMA decrease and a low COD removal of about 30%. The SMA exhibits a maximum at about 6g Na+ L-1 and nearly complete inhibition at 34g Na+ L-1. The dose of 0.5mgL-1 of tungsten increases the SMA by 17%, but no improvement was observed with the addition of cobalt. The results suggested that TM were not bioavailable at high salinity. Accordingly, an increased COD removal was achieved by doubling the supply of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian David Muñoz Sierra
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlos Lafita
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands; Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carmen Gabaldón
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Henri Spanjers
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands
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13
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Schink B, Montag D, Keller A, Müller N. Hydrogen or formate: Alternative key players in methanogenic degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:189-202. [PMID: 28205388 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen and formate are important electron carriers in methanogenic degradation in anoxic environments such as sediments, sewage sludge digestors and biogas reactors. Especially in the terminal steps of methanogenesis, they determine the energy budgets of secondary (syntrophically) fermenting bacteria and their methanogenic partners. The literature provides considerable data on hydrogen pool sizes in such habitats, but little data exist for formate concentrations due to technical difficulties in formate determination at low concentration. Recent evidence from biochemical and molecular biological studies indicates that several secondary fermenters can use both hydrogen and formate for electron release, and may do so even simultaneously. Numerous strictly anaerobic bacteria contain enzymes which equilibrate hydrogen and formate pools to energetically equal values, and recent measurements in sewage digestors and biogas reactors indicate that - beyond occasional fluctuations - the pool sizes of hydrogen and formate are indeed energetically nearly equivalent. Nonetheless, a thermophilic archaeon from a submarine hydrothermal vent, Thermococcus onnurineus, can obtain ATP from the conversion of formate to hydrogen plus bicarbonate at 80°C, indicating that at least in this extreme environment the pools of formate and hydrogen are likely to be sufficiently different to support such an unusual type of energy conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schink
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Dominik Montag
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Anja Keller
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
| | - Nicolai Müller
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, D-78457, Germany
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Wintsche B, Glaser K, Sträuber H, Centler F, Liebetrau J, Harms H, Kleinsteuber S. Trace Elements Induce Predominance among Methanogenic Activity in Anaerobic Digestion. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2034. [PMID: 28018337 PMCID: PMC5160323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements (TE) play an essential role in all organisms due to their functions in enzyme complexes. In anaerobic digesters, control, and supplementation of TEs lead to stable and more efficient methane production processes while TE deficits cause process imbalances. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms and the adaptation of the affected microbial communities to such deficits are not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated the microbial community dynamics and resulting process changes induced by TE deprivation. Two identical lab-scale continuous stirred tank reactors fed with distiller’s grains and supplemented with TEs (cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten) and a commercial iron additive were operated in parallel. After 72 weeks of identical operation, the feeding regime of one reactor was changed by omitting TE supplements and reducing the amount of iron additive. Both reactors were operated for further 21 weeks. Various process parameters (biogas production and composition, total solids and volatile solids, TE concentration, volatile fatty acids, total ammonium nitrogen, total organic acids/alkalinity ratio, and pH) and the composition and activity of the microbial communities were monitored over the total experimental time. While the methane yield remained stable, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, total ammonia nitrogen, and acetate increased in the TE-depleted reactor compared to the well-supplied control reactor. Methanosarcina and Methanoculleus dominated the methanogenic communities in both reactors. However, the activity ratio of these two genera was shown to depend on TE supplementation explainable by different TE requirements of their energy conservation systems. Methanosarcina dominated the well-supplied anaerobic digester, pointing to acetoclastic methanogenesis as the dominant methanogenic pathway. Under TE deprivation, Methanoculleus and thus hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was favored although Methanosarcina was not overgrown by Methanoculleus. Multivariate statistics revealed that the decline of nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, and manganese most strongly influenced the balance of mcrA transcripts from both genera. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens seem to be favored under nickel- and cobalt-deficient conditions as their metabolism requires less nickel-dependent enzymes and corrinoid cofactors than the acetoclastic and methylotrophic pathways. Thus, TE supply is critical to sustain the activity of the versatile high-performance methanogen Methanosarcina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babett Wintsche
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Glaser
- Department of Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Heike Sträuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Centler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Liebetrau
- Department of Biochemical Conversion, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum - DBFZ Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZLeipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Germany
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Manzoor S, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Schnürer A, Müller B. Genome-Guided Analysis and Whole Transcriptome Profiling of the Mesophilic Syntrophic Acetate Oxidising Bacterium Syntrophaceticus schinkii. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166520. [PMID: 27851830 PMCID: PMC5113046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntrophaceticus schinkii is a mesophilic, anaerobic bacterium capable of oxidising acetate to CO2 and H2 in intimate association with a methanogenic partner, a syntrophic relationship which operates close to the energetic limits of microbial life. Syntrophaceticus schinkii has been identified as a key organism in engineered methane-producing processes relying on syntrophic acetate oxidation as the main methane-producing pathway. However, due to strict cultivation requirements and difficulties in reconstituting the thermodynamically unfavourable acetate oxidation, the physiology of this functional group is poorly understood. Genome-guided and whole transcriptome analyses performed in the present study provide new insights into habitat adaptation, syntrophic acetate oxidation and energy conservation. The working draft genome of Syntrophaceticus schinkii indicates limited metabolic capacities, with lack of organic nutrient uptake systems, chemotactic machineries, carbon catabolite repression and incomplete biosynthesis pathways. Ech hydrogenase, [FeFe] hydrogenases, [NiFe] hydrogenases, F1F0-ATP synthase and membrane-bound and cytoplasmic formate dehydrogenases were found clearly expressed, whereas Rnf and a predicted oxidoreductase/heterodisulphide reductase complex, both found encoded in the genome, were not expressed under syntrophic growth condition. A transporter sharing similarities to the high-affinity acetate transporters of aceticlastic methanogens was also found expressed, suggesting that Syntrophaceticus schinkii can potentially compete with methanogens for acetate. Acetate oxidation seems to proceed via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway as all genes involved in this pathway were highly expressed. This study shows that Syntrophaceticus schinkii is a highly specialised, habitat-adapted organism relying on syntrophic acetate oxidation rather than metabolic versatility. By expanding its complement of respiratory complexes, it might overcome limiting bioenergetic barriers, and drive efficient energy conservation from reactions operating close to the thermodynamic equilibrium, which might enable S. schinkii to occupy the same niche as the aceticlastic methanogens. The knowledge gained here will help specify process conditions supporting efficient and robust biogas production and will help identify mechanisms important for the syntrophic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Manzoor
- Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Uppsala, SE 750 07, Sweden
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Uppsala, SE 750 07, Sweden
| | - Bettina Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BioCenter, Uppsala, SE 750 07, Sweden
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16
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Choong YY, Norli I, Abdullah AZ, Yhaya MF. Impacts of trace element supplementation on the performance of anaerobic digestion process: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:369-79. [PMID: 27005788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper critically reviews the impacts of supplementing trace elements on the anaerobic digestion performance. The in-depth knowledge of trace elements as micronutrients and metalloenzyme components justifies trace element supplementation into the anaerobic digestion system. Most of the earlier studies reported that trace elements addition at (sub)optimum dosages had positive impacts mainly longer term on digester stability with greater organic matter degradation, low volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and higher biogas production. However, these positive impacts and element requirements are not fully understood, they are explained on a case to case basis because of the great variance of the anaerobic digestion operation. Iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) are the most studied and desirable elements. The right combination of multi-elements supplementation can have greater positive impact. This measure is highly recommended, especially for the mono-digestion of micronutrient-deficient substrates. The future research should consider the aspect of trace element bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yaw Choong
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Norli
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus Yhaya
- Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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17
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Bioavailability of essential trace elements and their impact on anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse waste. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kosaka T, Toh H, Fujiyama A, Sakaki Y, Watanabe K, Meng XY, Hanada S, Toyoda A. Physiological and genetic basis for self-aggregation of a thermophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogen, Methanothermobacter strain CaT2. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 6:268-277. [PMID: 24983531 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several thermophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogens naturally aggregate in their habitats in association with hydrogen-producing bacteria for efficient transfer of the methane fermentation intermediates to produce methane. However, physiology of aggregation and the identity of aggregation-specific genes remain to be elucidated. Here, we isolated and characterized a hydrogen and formate-utilizing Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2 that is capable of self-aggregation and utilizing formate. CaT2 produced methane from propionate oxidation in association with a syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium faster than other methanogens, including Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH and Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Z-245. CaT2 also aggregated throughout the culture period and was coated with polysaccharides, which was not found on the ΔH and Z-245 cells. Sugar content (particularly of rhamnose and mannose) was also higher in the CaT2 cells than the ΔH and Z-245 cells. Comparative genomic analysis of CaT2 indicated that four candidate genes, all of which encode glycosyltransferase, were involved in aggregation of CaT2. Transcriptional analysis showed that one glycosyltransferase gene was expressed at relatively high levels under normal growth conditions. The polysaccharide layer on the CaT2 cell surface, which is probably assembled by these glycosyltransferases, may be involved in cell aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kosaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan; Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
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Glass JB, Yu H, Steele JA, Dawson KS, Sun S, Chourey K, Pan C, Hettich RL, Orphan VJ. Geochemical, metagenomic and metaproteomic insights into trace metal utilization by methane-oxidizing microbial consortia in sulphidic marine sediments. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:1592-611. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Glass
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Hang Yu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Joshua A. Steele
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Katherine S. Dawson
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Shulei Sun
- The CAMERA Project; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Karuna Chourey
- Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Chongle Pan
- Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Victoria J. Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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Pakarinen O, Kaparaju P, Rintala J. The effect of organic loading rate and retention time on hydrogen production from a methanogenic CSTR. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8952-8957. [PMID: 21803578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of shifting a methanogenic process for hydrogen production by changing the process parameters viz., organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was evaluated. At first, two parallel semi-continuously fed continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) were operated as methanogenic reactors (M1 and M2) for 78 days. Results showed that a methane yield of 198-218 L/kg volatile solids fed (VS(fed)) was obtained when fed with grass silage at an OLR of 2 kgVS/m³/d and HRT of 30 days. After 78 days of operation, hydrogen production was induced in M2 by increasing the OLR from 2 to 10 kgVS/m³/d and shortening the HRT from 30 to 6 days. The highest H₂ yield of 42 L/kgVS(fed) was obtained with a maximum H₂ content of 24%. The present results thus demonstrate that methanogenic process can be shifted towards hydrogen production by increasing the OLR and decreasing HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pakarinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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21
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Crable BR, Plugge CM, McInerney MJ, Stams AJM. Formate formation and formate conversion in biological fuels production. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:532536. [PMID: 21687599 PMCID: PMC3112519 DOI: 10.4061/2011/532536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomethanation is a mature technology for fuel production. Fourth generation biofuels research will focus on sequestering CO(2) and providing carbon-neutral or carbon-negative strategies to cope with dwindling fossil fuel supplies and environmental impact. Formate is an important intermediate in the methanogenic breakdown of complex organic material and serves as an important precursor for biological fuels production in the form of methane, hydrogen, and potentially methanol. Formate is produced by either CoA-dependent cleavage of pyruvate or enzymatic reduction of CO(2) in an NADH- or ferredoxin-dependent manner. Formate is consumed through oxidation to CO(2) and H(2) or can be further reduced via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for carbon fixation or industrially for the production of methanol. Here, we review the enzymes involved in the interconversion of formate and discuss potential applications for biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Crable
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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Tungsten and molybdenum regulation of formate dehydrogenase expression in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:2909-16. [PMID: 21498650 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00042-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formate is an important energy substrate for sulfate-reducing bacteria in natural environments, and both molybdenum- and tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases have been reported in these organisms. In this work, we studied the effect of both metals on the levels of the three formate dehydrogenases encoded in the genome of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, with lactate, formate, or hydrogen as electron donors. Using Western blot analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, activity-stained gels, and protein purification, we show that a metal-dependent regulatory mechanism is present, resulting in the dimeric FdhAB protein being the main enzyme present in cells grown in the presence of tungsten and the trimeric FdhABC₃ protein being the main enzyme in cells grown in the presence of molybdenum. The putatively membrane-associated formate dehydrogenase is detected only at low levels after growth with tungsten. Purification of the three enzymes and metal analysis shows that FdhABC₃ specifically incorporates Mo, whereas FdhAB can incorporate both metals. The FdhAB enzyme has a much higher catalytic efficiency than the other two. Since sulfate reducers are likely to experience high sulfide concentrations that may result in low Mo bioavailability, the ability to use W is likely to constitute a selective advantage.
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Worm P, Fermoso FG, Stams AJM, Lens PNL, Plugge CM. Transcription of fdh and hyd in Syntrophobacter spp. and Methanospirillum spp. as a diagnostic tool for monitoring anaerobic sludge deprived of molybdenum, tungsten and selenium. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:1228-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Thauer RK, Kaster AK, Goenrich M, Schick M, Hiromoto T, Shima S. Hydrogenases from Methanogenic Archaea, Nickel, a Novel Cofactor, and H2Storage. Annu Rev Biochem 2010; 79:507-36. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.030508.152103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Seigo Shima
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
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Worm P, Fermoso FG, Lens PN, Plugge CM. Decreased activity of a propionate degrading community in a UASB reactor fed with synthetic medium without molybdenum, tungsten and selenium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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