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Qiao K, Zhao T, Wang L, Zhang W, Meng W, Liu F, Gao X, Zhu J. Screening and identification of functional bacterial attachment genes in aerobic granular sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:205-214. [PMID: 38408821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The screening and identification of attachment genes is important to exploring the formation mechanism of biofilms at the gene level. It is helpful to the development of key culture technologies for aerobic granular sludge (AGS). In this study, genome-wide sequencing and gene editing were employed for the first time to investigate the effects and functions of attachment genes in AGS. With the help of whole-genome analysis, ten attachment genes were screened from thirteen genes, and the efficiency of gene screening was greatly improved. Then, two attachment genes were selected as examples to further confirm the gene functions by constructing gene-knockout recombinant mutants of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; when the two attachment genes were knocked out, the attachment potential was reduced by 50.67% and 43.93%, respectively. The results provide a new theoretical principle and efficient method for the development of AGS from the perspective of attachment genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; R & D Centre of Aerobic Granule Technology, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; R & D Centre of Aerobic Granule Technology, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xu Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianrong Zhu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; R & D Centre of Aerobic Granule Technology, Beijing 100875, China.
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2
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Lo HH, Chang HC, Wu YJ, Liao CT, Hsiao YM. Functional characterization and transcriptional analysis of degQ of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300441. [PMID: 38470163 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
High-temperature-requirement protein A (HtrA) family proteins play important roles in controlling protein quality and are recognized as virulence factors in numerous animal and human bacterial pathogens. The role of HtrA family proteins in plant pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the HtrA family protein, DegQ, in the crucifer black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc). DegQ is essential for bacterial attachment and full virulence of Xcc. Moreover, the degQ mutant strain showed increased sensitivity to heat treatment and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Expressing the intact degQ gene in trans in the degQ mutant could reverse the observed phenotypic changes. In addition, we demonstrated that the DegQ protein exhibited chaperone-like activity. Transcriptional analysis displayed that degQ expression was induced under heat treatment. Our results contribute to understanding the function and expression of DegQ of Xcc for the first time and provide a novel perspective about HtrA family proteins in plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hsia Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Wang M, Zeng J, Tan H, Guo Q, Li X, Ling X, Zhang J, Song S, Deng Y. Anti-virulence and bactericidal activities of Stattic against Shigella sonnei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0107423. [PMID: 38032177 PMCID: PMC10734500 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Shigella sonnei is a major human enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery. The increasing spread of drug-resistant S. sonnei strains has caused an emergent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents against this pathogenic bacterium. In this study, we demonstrate that Stattic employs two antibacterial mechanisms against S. sonnei. It exerted both anti-virulence activity and bactericidal activity against S. sonnei, suggesting that it shows advantages over traditional antibiotics. Moreover, Stattic showed excellent synergistic effects with kanamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin against S. sonnei. Our findings suggest that Stattic has promising potential for development as a new antibiotic or as an adjuvant to antibiotics for infections caused by S. sonnei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huihui Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiwen Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Wang H, Feng Y, Lu H. Low-Level Cefepime Exposure Induces High-Level Resistance in Environmental Bacteria: Molecular Mechanism and Evolutionary Dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15074-15083. [PMID: 35608924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics exert selective pressures on clinically relevant antibiotic resistance. It is critical to understand how antibiotic resistance evolves in environmental microbes exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and whether evolutionary dynamics and emergence of resistance are predictable. In this study, Comamonas testosteroni isolated from wastewater activated sludge were subcultured in a medium containing 10 ng/mL cefepime for 40 days (∼300 generations). Stepwise mutations were accumulated, leading to an ultimate 200-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefepime. Early stage mutation in DNA polymerase-encoding gene dnaE2 played an important role in antibiotic resistance evolution. Diverse resistance mechanisms were employed and validated experimentally, including increased efflux, biofilm formation, reduced antibiotic uptake, and drug inactivation. The cefepime minimal selective concentrations (MSCs) and relative fitness of susceptible, intermediate, and resistant mutants were determined. Agent-based modeling of the modified Moran process enabled simulations of resistance evolution and predictions of the emergence time and frequency of resistant mutants. The unraveled cefepime resistance mechanisms could be employed by broader bacteria, and the newly developed model is applicable to the predictions of general resistance evolution. The improved knowledge facilitates the assessment, prediction, and mitigation of antibiotic resistance progression in antibiotic-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Departments of Microbiology & General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Chen J, Fan J, Liu W, Wang Z, Ren A, Shi L. Trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase influences polysaccharide synthesis and cell wall components in
Ganoderma lucidum. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1337-1345. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Junpei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture; Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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Liao CT, Li CE, Chang HC, Hsu CH, Chiang YC, Hsiao YM. The lolB gene in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is required for bacterial attachment, stress tolerance, and virulence. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 34996353 PMCID: PMC8739992 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause black rot disease in crucifers. The lipoprotein outer membrane localization (Lol) system is involved in the lipoprotein sorting to the outer membrane. Although Xcc has a set of annotated lol genes, there is still little known about the physiological role in this phytopathogen. In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of LolB of Xcc in bacterial attachment, stress tolerance, and virulence. RESULTS To characterize the role of LolB, lolB mutant was constructed and phenotypic evaluation was performed. The lolB mutant revealed reductions in bacterial attachment, extracellular enzyme production, and virulence. Mutation of lolB also resulted in reduced tolerance to a myriad of stresses, including heat and a range of membrane-perturbing agents. Trans-complementation of lolB mutant with intact lolB gene reverted these altered phenotypes to the wild-type levels. From subsequent reporter assay and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, the expression of genes that encode the major extracellular enzymes and the stress-related proteins was reduced after lolB mutation. CONCLUSIONS The results in this work contribute to the functional understanding of lolB in Xanthomonas for the first time, and provide new insights into the function of lolB in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, He J, Wu Q, Li Y, Li W, Zhou G, Kamol R, Yang X. Transcription factor GlbHLH regulates hyphal growth, stress resistance, and polysaccharide biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:82-91. [PMID: 34927265 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) participate in many physiological and cellular processes in eukaryotes. However, their functions remain unclear in the macro basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). In this study, a gene encoding bHLH TF, GlbHLH, was identified in G. lucidum. The knockdown of GlbHLH by RNA interference reduced hyphal growth, hyphal branching, and resistant to osmotic, oxidative, and cell wall stress. The content of cell wall components β-1,3 glucan and chitin and the expression of their synthesis genes were decreased in the GlbHLH knockdown strains. The knockdown of GlbHLH led to an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species by decreasing the enzyme activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the production of intracellular polysaccharides and extracellular polysaccharides was greatly decreased in the GlbHLH mutants. These results suggested that GlbHLH is involved in hyphal growth, stress response, and polysaccharide biosynthesis in G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzeng Li
- Henan Shijixiang Edible Mushroom Co., Ltd., Xuchang, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- Henan Shijixiang Edible Mushroom Co., Ltd., Xuchang, China
| | - Gaoli Zhou
- Henan Shijixiang Edible Mushroom Co., Ltd., Xuchang, China
| | - Rajabov Kamol
- Russia Green Manor Co., Ltd., Leningrad Oblas, Russia
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Zhao X, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang Y. hns mRNA downregulates the expression of galU and attenuates the motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151525. [PMID: 34340061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, multiple bifunctional RNAs have been discovered, which can both be translated into proteins and play regulatory roles. hns encodes the global gene silencing factor H-NS, which is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. This study reported that hns mRNA of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) was a bifunctional RNA that could act as an antisense RNA downregulating the expression of galU, the coding gene of uridine triphosphate-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, and attenuating bacterial motility. galU, which is located at the opposite strand of hns, was identified to have a long 3'-untranslated region that overlapped with hns and could be processed to produce short RNA fragments. The overexpression of hns mRNA inhibited the expression of galU. The deletion of galU attenuated the motility of S. Typhi, while the complementation of galU nearly restored the phenotype. Overexpressing hns mRNA in the wild-type strain of S. Typhi inhibited the motility and the expression of flagellar genes, while overexpressing hns mRNA in the galU-deletion mutant did not influence bacterial motility. In conclusion, hns mRNA has been identified to be a new bifunctional RNA that attenuates the motility of S. Typhi by downregulating the expression of galU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China.
| | - Fanfan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Yurou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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The clpX gene plays an important role in bacterial attachment, stress tolerance, and virulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:597-607. [PMID: 31741013 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a bacterial pathogen and the causal agent of black rot in crucifers. In this study, a clpX mutant was obtained by EZ-Tn5 transposon mutagenesis of the X. campestris pv. campestris. The clpX gene was annotated to encode ClpX, the ATP-binding subunit of ATP-dependent Clp protease. The clpX mutant exhibited reduced bacterial attachment, extracellular enzyme production and virulence. Mutation of clpX also resulted in increased sensitivity to a myriad of stresses, including heat, puromycin, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. These altered phenotypes of the clpX mutant could be restored to wild-type levels by in trans expression of the intact clpX gene. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of 211 proteins differed not less than twofold between the wild-type and mutant strains. Cluster of orthologous group analysis revealed that these proteins are mainly involved in metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, chaperone, and signal transduction. The reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the expression of genes encoding attachment-related proteins, extracellular enzymes, and virulence-associated proteins was reduced after clpX mutation. The results in this study contribute to the functional understanding of the role of clpX in Xanthomonas for the first time, and extend new insights into the function of clpX in bacteria.
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10
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Kutschera A, Schombel U, Wröbel M, Gisch N, Ranf S. Loss of wbpL disrupts O-polysaccharide synthesis and impairs virulence of plant-associated Pseudomonas strains. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1535-1549. [PMID: 31559681 PMCID: PMC6804347 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite its importance for membrane stability and pathogenicity of mammalian pathogens, functions of the O-polysaccharide (OPS) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remain unclear in plant-associated bacteria. Genetic information about OPS biosynthesis in these bacteria is largely missing. Genome analysis of various plant-associated Pseudomonas strains revealed that one of the two known OPS biosynthesis clusters from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, the common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) gene cluster, is only conserved in some strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. For the O-specific antigen (OSA) biosynthesis cluster, the putative genomic position could be identified, but orthologues of most functional important OSA biosynthesis enzymes could not be detected. Nevertheless, orthologues of the glycosyltransferase WbpL, required for initiation of CPA and OSA synthesis in P. aeruginosa PAO1, could be identified in the analysed Pseudomonas genomes. Knockout mutations of wbpL orthologues in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Pseudomonas cichorii ATCC10857/DSM50259 (Pci) resulted in strains lacking the OPS. Infection experiments of Arabidopsis thaliana plants revealed a reduced entry into the leaf apoplast after spray inoculation and a reduced apoplastic amplification of Pst ∆wbpL. Stab and spray inoculation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves with Pci ∆wbpL causes reduced infection symptoms compared to the wild-type strain. Furthermore, swarming motility was reduced in ∆wbpL mutants of Pst and Pci. This might be a possible reason for reduced bacterial titres after surface inoculation and reduced bacterial amplification in the plant. Our results imply that the presence of lipopolysaccharide OPS is required for efficient host colonization and full virulence of plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kutschera
- Technical University of MunichPhytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan85354Freising‐WeihenstephanGermany
| | - Ursula Schombel
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung CenterDivision of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area InfectionsParkallee 1‐4023845BorstelGermany
| | - Michelle Wröbel
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung CenterDivision of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area InfectionsParkallee 1‐4023845BorstelGermany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung CenterDivision of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area InfectionsParkallee 1‐4023845BorstelGermany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- Technical University of MunichPhytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan85354Freising‐WeihenstephanGermany
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Yang X, Xu T, Cao P, Qiao K, Wang L, Zhao T, Zhu J. The viscosity behaviors of bacterial suspensions or extracellular polymeric substances and their effects on aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30087-30097. [PMID: 31414394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the viscosity behavior of bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in flocculent activated sludge (FAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been investigated, no studies have explored the role of viscosity in microbial attachment in pure culture. This study investigated the viscosity behavior of bacteria and EPS. The results showed that bacteria and their EPS exhibited non-Newtonian fluid and shear-thinning behavior. The viscosity of bacteria and EPS was 1.55-3.80 cP and 1.10-2.40 cP, respectively, while the attachment of bacteria (optical density at 600 nm) was 0.1426-3.1015. Bacteria with high attachment secreted EPS with a higher viscosity (2.40 cP), whereas those with weak attachment expressed EPS with a lower viscosity (1.10 cP). Viscosity and microbial attachment or extracellular polysaccharide (PS) content were significantly positively correlated. PS content was the source of bacterial viscosity, and β-polysaccharide played a more important role in viscosity and microbial attachment than α-polysaccharide. Thus, viscosity plays a critical role in microbial attachment, and high viscosity and PS content result in high microbial attachment, which is beneficial to the granulation process of AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilan Yang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tianguang Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Pei Cao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jianrong Zhu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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12
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Liao CT, Chiang YC, Hsiao YM. Functional characterization and proteomic analysis of lolA in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:20. [PMID: 30665348 PMCID: PMC6341742 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gram-negative Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the pathogenic bacterium that causes black rot disease in crucifers. The virulence determinants of this bacterium include extracellular enzymes, exopolysaccharides, and biofilm formation. Here, one transposon mutant of X. campestris pv. campestris strain 17 that affects biofilm formation was isolated, and subsequent analyses led to the identification of the lolA gene, which encodes an outer membrane lipoprotein chaperone. Results The lolA mutant exhibited significant reductions in bacterial attachment, extracellular enzyme production, virulence, and tolerance in the presence of myriad membrane-perturbing agents. These phenotypic changes of the mutant could be complemented to the wild-type level through the intact lolA gene. Proteomic analysis revealed that 109 proteins were differentially expressed after lolA mutation. These differentially expressed proteins were categorized in various functional groups and were mainly associated with the membrane component, were involved in transport, and contained receptor activity. Through reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, deletion of lolA was determined to have caused significantly reduced expression of genes that encode the major extracellular enzymes, the biofilm-related proteins, and the virulence-related proteins. The RT-qPCR analysis also indicated that the expression of several genes that encode putative outer membrane lipoproteins and TonB-dependent receptors was reduced after lolA mutation. Conclusions This is the first report to define the lolA gene as a virulence factor and to contribute to the functional understanding of, and provide new information concerning, the role of lolA in Xanthomonas. Furthermore, the results of this study provide and extend new insights into the function of lolA in bacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1387-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Golanowska M, Potrykus M, Motyka-Pomagruk A, Kabza M, Bacci G, Galardini M, Bazzicalupo M, Makalowska I, Smalla K, Mengoni A, Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat N, Lojkowska E. Comparison of Highly and Weakly Virulent Dickeya solani Strains, With a View on the Pangenome and Panregulon of This Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1940. [PMID: 30233505 PMCID: PMC6127512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium are responsible for significant economic losses in a wide variety of crops and ornamentals. During last years, increasing losses in potato production have been attributed to the appearance of Dickeya solani. The D. solani strains investigated so far share genetic homogeneity, although different virulence levels were observed among strains of various origins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic traits possibly related to the diverse virulence levels by means of comparative genomics. First, we developed a new genome assembly pipeline which allowed us to complete the D. solani genomes. Four de novo sequenced and ten publicly available genomes were used to identify the structure of the D. solani pangenome, in which 74.8 and 25.2% of genes were grouped into the core and dispensable genome, respectively. For D. solani panregulon analysis, we performed a binding site prediction for four transcription factors, namely CRP, KdgR, PecS and Fur, to detect the regulons of these virulence regulators. Most of the D. solani potential virulence factors were predicted to belong to the accessory regulons of CRP, KdgR, and PecS. Thus, some differences in gene expression could exist between D. solani strains. The comparison between a highly and a low virulent strain, IFB0099 and IFB0223, respectively, disclosed only small differences between their genomes but significant differences in the production of virulence factors like pectinases, cellulases and proteases, and in their mobility. The D. solani strains also diverge in the number and size of prophages present in their genomes. Another relevant difference is the disruption of the adhesin gene fhaB2 in the highly virulent strain. Strain IFB0223, which has a complete adhesin gene, is less mobile and less aggressive than IFB0099. This suggests that in this case, mobility rather than adherence is needed in order to trigger disease symptoms. This study highlights the utility of comparative genomics in predicting D. solani traits involved in the aggressiveness of this emerging plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Golanowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Potrykus
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Motyka-Pomagruk
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Kabza
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Giovanni Bacci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Galardini
- EMBL, EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Izabela Makalowska
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Department of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicole Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat
- UMR5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, Univ Lyon, CNRS, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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14
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Cools F, Torfs E, Vanhoutte B, de Macedo MB, Bonofiglio L, Mollerach M, Maes L, Caljon G, Delputte P, Cappoen D, Cos P. Streptococcus pneumoniae galU gene mutation has a direct effect on biofilm growth, adherence and phagocytosis in vitro and pathogenicity in vivo. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5078866. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Cools
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - E Torfs
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - B Vanhoutte
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M Bidart de Macedo
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L Bonofiglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética. Cátedra de Microbiología. Junín 956. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Mollerach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética. Cátedra de Microbiología. Junín 956. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Maes
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - G Caljon
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Delputte
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - D Cappoen
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Cos
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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15
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Liu YF, Liao CT, Chiang YC, Li CE, Hsiao YM. WxcX is involved in bacterial attachment and virulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:403-413. [PMID: 29504631 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causative agent of black rot in crucifers. Here, one EZ-Tn5 transposon mutant of Xcc, altered in bacterial attachment, was isolated. Further analysis revealed that the transposon was inserted in the wxcX gene (encodes a hypothetical protein) of the transposon mutant. Sequence analysis revealed that WxcX is highly conserved in Xanthomonas, but none has been characterized. In this study, it was indicated that mutation of wxcX resulted in enhanced bacterial attachment, reduced virulence on the host cabbage, and increased sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate. The affected phenotypes of the wxcX mutant could be complemented to wild-type levels by the intact wxcX gene. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that E408 and E411 are critical amino acid residues for WxcX function in bacterial attachment. Taken together, our results demonstrate the roles of wxcX in attachment, virulence, and tolerance to sodium dodecyl sulfate in Xanthomonas for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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XCC2366, A Gene Encoding A Putative TetR Family Transcriptional Regulator, is Required for Acriflavin Resistance and Virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:1373-1381. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Santos C, Maximiano MR, Ribeiro DG, Oliveira-Neto OB, Murad AM, Franco OL, Mehta A. Differential accumulation ofXanthomonas campestrispv.campestrisproteins during the interaction with the host plant: Contributions of an in vivo system. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasília DF Brazil
- Centro de Analises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia; Universidade Católica de Brasília; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Mariana R. Maximiano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasília DF Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; MG Brazil
| | - Daiane G. Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasília DF Brazil
- Universidade Paulista; Brasília DF Brazil
| | | | - André M. Murad
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Octávio L. Franco
- Centro de Analises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia; Universidade Católica de Brasília; Brasília DF Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; MG Brazil
- S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia; Universidade Católica Dom Bosco; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasília DF Brazil
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18
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Wang Q, Wang F, Xu Z, Ding Z. Bioactive Mushroom Polysaccharides: A Review on Monosaccharide Composition, Biosynthesis and Regulation. Molecules 2017; 22:E955. [PMID: 28608797 PMCID: PMC6152739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are widely distributed around the world and are heavily consumed because of their nutritional value and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides (PSs) are an important component of mushrooms, a major factor in their bioactive properties, and have been intensively studied during the past two decades. Monosaccharide composition/combinations are important determinants of PS bioactivities. This review summarizes: (i) monosaccharide composition/combinations in various mushroom PSs, and their relationships with PS bioactivities; (ii) possible biosynthetic pathways of mushroom PSs and effects of key enzymes on monosaccharide composition; (iii) regulation strategies in PS biosynthesis, and prospects for controllable biosynthesis of PSs with enhanced bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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19
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Functional characterization and transcriptional analysis of icd2 gene encoding an isocitrate dehydrogenase of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:917-929. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Lee HM, Liao CT, Chiang YC, Chang YY, Yeh YT, Du SC, Hsiao YM. Characterization of genes encoding proteins containing HD-related output domain in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:509-22. [PMID: 26821378 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causative agent of black rot in crucifers. The production of Xcc virulence factors is regulated by Clp and RpfF. HD-related output domain (HDOD) is a protein domain of unknown biochemical function. The genome of Xcc encodes three proteins (GsmR, HdpA, and HdpB) with an HDOD. The GsmR has been reported to play a role in the general stress response and cell motility and its expression is positively regulated by Clp. Here, the function and transcription of hdpA and hdpB were characterized. Mutation of hdpA resulted in enhanced bacterial attachment. In addition, the expression of hdpA was positively regulated by RpfF but not by Clp, subject to catabolite repression and affected by several stress conditions. However, mutational analysis and reporter assay showed that hdpB had no effect on the production of a range of virulence factors and its expression was independent of Clp and RpfF. The results shown here not only extend the previous work on RpfF regulation to show that it influences the expression of hdpA in Xcc, but also expand knowledge of the function of the HDOD containing proteins in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chiao Du
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan.
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21
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Liao CT, Liu YF, Chiang YC, Lo HH, Du SC, Hsu PC, Hsiao YM. Functional characterization and transcriptome analysis reveal multiple roles for prc in the pathogenicity of the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:299-312. [PMID: 26804425 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in crucifers. The ability of Xcc to incite this disease in plants depends on a number of factors, including exopolysaccharides, extracellular enzymes and biofilm production. In this study, transposon mutagenesis led to identification of the prc gene, encoding a tail-specific protease, which plays a role in Xcc pathogenesis. Mutation of prc resulted in decreased virulence, extracellular protease production and bacterial attachment, with restoration to the levels of wild type by the intact prc gene. From subsequent quantitative RT-PCR analysis and reporter assay, the major extracellular protease gene prt1, biofilm-related gene galE encoding a UDP-galactose 4-epimerase and two putative adhesin genes (yapH and XC_4290 encoding autotransporter-like protein H and hemagglutinin, respectively) were found to be reduced in the prc mutant. Results of transcriptome profiling of Xcc wild type and prc mutant by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) showed that mutation of prc in Xcc leads to alteration in the transcriptional levels (more than twofold) of 91 genes. These differentially expressed genes were associated with a wide range of biological functions such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, cell wall/membrane biogenesis, posttranslational modification, protein turnover and chaperones, inorganic ion transport and metabolism and signal transduction mechanisms. The results of this study facilitate the functional understanding of and provide new information about the regulatory role of prc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Hsia Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Chiao Du
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
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22
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Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in defence response in Polyporus umbellatus with Armillaria mellea infection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16075. [PMID: 26526032 PMCID: PMC4630638 DOI: 10.1038/srep16075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyporus umbellatus, a species symbiotic with Armillaria mellea and it also exhibits substantial defence response to Armillaria mellea infection. There are no genomics resources databases for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the infection stress of P. umbellatus. Therefore, we performed a large-scale transcriptome sequencing of this fungus with A. mellea infection using Illumina sequencing technology. The assembly of the clean reads resulted in 120,576 transcripts, including 38,444 unigenes. Additionally, we performed a gene expression profiling analysis upon infection treatment. The results indicated significant differences in the gene expression profiles between the control and the infection group. In total, 10933 genes were identified between the two groups. Based on the differentially expressed genes, a Gene Ontology annotation analysis showed many defence-relevant categories. Meanwhile, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis uncovered some important pathways. Furthermore, the expression patterns of 13 putative genes that are involved in defence response resulting from quantitative real-time PCR were consistent with their transcript abundance changes as identified by RNA-seq. The sequenced genes covered a considerable proportion of the P. umbellatus transcriptome, and the expression results may be useful to strengthen the knowledge on the defence response of this fungus defend against Armillaria mellea invasion.
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23
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Li M, Chen T, Gao T, Miao Z, Jiang A, Shi L, Ren A, Zhao M. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase influences polysaccharide synthesis, cell wall components, and hyphal branching in Ganoderma lucidum via regulation of the balance between glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-glucose. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 82:251-63. [PMID: 26235043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) is a key enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, but there are few studies on the functions of this enzyme in fungi. The ugp gene of Ganoderma lucidum was cloned, and enzyme kinetic parameters of the UGP recombinant protein were determined in vitro, revealing that this protein was functional and catalyzed the reversible conversion between Glc-1-P and UDP-Glc. ugp silencing by RNA interference resulted in changes in the levels of the intermediate metabolites Glc-1-P and UDP-Glc. The compounds and structure of the cell wall in the silenced strains were also altered compared with those in the wild-type strains. Moreover, the number of hyphal branches was also changed in the silenced strains. To verify the role of UGP in hyphal branching, a ugp-overexpressing strain was constructed. The results showed that the number of hyphal branches was influenced by UGP. The mechanism underlying hyphal branching was further investigated by adding exogenous Glc-1-P. Our results showed that hyphal branching was regulated by a change in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, which was affected by the level of the intermediate metabolite Glc-1-P, in G. lucidum. Our findings indicate the existence of an interaction between carbon metabolism and Ca(2+) signaling in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailiang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Functional and proteomic analyses reveal that wxcB is involved in virulence, motility, detergent tolerance, and biofilm formation in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:389-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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