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Yi Y, Jin X, Chen M, Coldea TE, Zhao H. Surfactant-mediated bio-manufacture: A unique strategy for promoting microbial biochemicals production. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108373. [PMID: 38704106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Biochemicals are widely used in the medicine and food industries and are more efficient and safer than synthetic chemicals. The amphipathic surfactants can interact with the microorganisms and embed the extracellular metabolites, which induce microbial metabolites secretion and biosynthesis, performing an attractive prospect of promoting the biochemical production. However, the commonness and differences of surfactant-mediated bio-manufacture in various fields are largely unexplored. Accordingly, this review comprehensively summarized the properties of surfactants, different application scenarios of surfactant-meditated bio-manufacture, and the mechanism of surfactants increasing metabolites production. Various biochemical productions such as pigments, amino acids, and alcohols could be enhanced using the cloud point and the micelles of surfactants. Besides, the amphiphilicity of surfactants also promoted the utilization of fermentation substrates, especially lignocellulose and waste sludge, by microorganisms, indirectly increasing the metabolites production. The increase in target metabolites production was attributed to the surfactants changing the permeability and composition of the cell membrane, hence improving the secretion ability of microorganisms. Moreover, surfactants could regulate the energy metabolism, the redox state and metabolic flow in microorganisms, which induced target metabolites synthesis. This review aimed to broaden the application fields of surfactants and provide novel insights into the production of microbial biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Yi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofan Jin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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2
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Neiber RR, Samak NA, Xing J, Elmongy EI, Galhoum AA, El Sayed IET, Guibal E, Xin J, Lu X. Synthesis and molecular docking study of α-aminophosphonates as potential multi-targeting antibacterial agents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133203. [PMID: 38103294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial compounds that reduce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are needed to avoid bacterial biofilms in water pipelines. Herein, green one-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates (α-Amps) [A-G] was achieved by using ionic liquid (IL) as a Lewis acid catalyst. The synthesized α-Amp analogues were tested against different bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The representative [B] analogue showed an efficient antibacterial effect with MIC values of 3.13 μg/mL for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and 6.25 μg/mL for B. subtilis. Additionally, a strong ability to eliminate the mature bacterial biofilm, with super-MIC values of 12.5 μg/mL for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and 25 μg/mL for B. subtilis. Moreover, bacterial cell disruption by ROS formation was also tested, and the compound [B] revealed the highest ROS level compared to other compounds and the control, and efficiently destroyed the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The docking study confirmed strong interactions between [B] analogue and protein structures with a binding affinity of -6.65 kCal/mol for the lyase protein of gram-positive bacteria and -6.46 kCal/mol for DNA gyrase of gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that α-Amps moiety is a promising candidate for developing novel antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents for clean water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana R Neiber
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Nadia A Samak
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Aquatic microbiology department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jianmin Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, 100049 Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Elshaymaa I Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Galhoum
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El-Maadi, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Eric Guibal
- Institut Mines Telecom-Mines Alès, C2MA, 6 avenue de Clavières, F-30319 Alès cedex, France
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
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3
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Arora U, Khuntia HK, Chanakya HN, Kapley A. Luffa cylindrica (Sponge Gourd) Fibers in Treatment of Greywater: an Aerobic Fixed-Film Reactor Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04804-3. [PMID: 38175410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The need for potable water consumption in urban and suburban regions can be decreased by greywater treatment and its reuse. Utilizing natural fibers may provide sustainable solutions in addressing challenges related to water resource management. In this study, a fixed-film reactor was designed with Luffa cylindrica (an annually occurring fruit) as a bio-carrier. The lab-scale reactors were configured with and without Luffa cylindrica and were run for 90 days in fed-batch mode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to validate biofilm production over time. Monitoring COD, nitrogen, and total phosphate removal allowed for analysis of treatment effectiveness. Results demonstrated the treatment efficiency for the experimental reactor was 70.96%, 97.02%, 92.57%, and 81.20% for COD, nitrogen, phosphate, and anionic surfactant (AS), respectively. 16 s rRNA gene sequencing of bio-carrier and control greywater samples was carried out. Many bacteria known to break down anionic surfactants were observed, and microbial succession was witnessed in the control reactor vs. the experimental reactor samples. The three most prevalent genera in the experimental samples were Chlorobium, Chlorobaculum, and Terrimonas. However, it is crucial to underscore that additional research is essential to solidify our understanding in this domain, with this study laying the fundamental groundwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Arora
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar Khuntia
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
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4
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Zhao Y, Liu W, Hu X, Li X, Wang C, Yu Y, Zhang J. Effect of surfactant on urease-producing flora from waste activated sludge using microbially induced calcite precipitation technology to suppress coal dust. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116941. [PMID: 37633632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a challenge in dust suppression. Herein, the tolerance of urease-producing flora to surfactants was investigated. The optimal tolerance concentrations of the urease-producing flora to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS, anionic surfactant), alkyl polyglycoside (APG, non-ionic surfactant), and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB, zwitterionic surfactant), and were 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.05%. The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic surfactant) inhibited urease production by urease-producing flora. The mineralization products of SDBS, APG, and CAB treatments were all transformed into calcite. The wind resistance test showed that the mass loss of all samples is less than 0.1%. The rain resistance and hardness tests showed that 0.2% SBDS had the best effect, followed by 0.1% APG and 0.05% CAB, and finally, No surfactants. Microbiome analysis showed that the abundance of Sporosarcina and Unclassified_bacillaceae reduced, and the intense competition between Paenalcaligenes and Sporosarcina are essential reasons for reducing urease activity. SDBS and APG could reduce the pathogenic risk of microbial dust suppressants. This study will facilitate the practical application of microbial dust suppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yiyun Yu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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Adigüzel AO, Könen-Adigüzel S, Cilmeli S, Mazmancı B, Yabalak E, Üstün-Odabaşı S, Kaya NG, Mazmancı MA. Heterologous expression, purification, and characterization of thermo- and alkali-tolerant laccase-like multicopper oxidase from Bacillus mojavensis TH309 and determination of its antibiotic removal potential. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:287. [PMID: 37454356 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Laccases or laccase-like multicopper oxidases have great potential in bioremediation to oxidase phenolic or non-phenolic substrates. However, their inability to maintain stability in harsh environmental conditions and against non-substrate compounds is one of the main reasons for their limited use. The gene (mco) encoding multicopper oxidase from Bacillus mojavensis TH309 were cloned into pET14b( +), expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified as histidine tagged enzyme (BmLMCO). The molecular weight of the enzyme was about 60 kDa. The enzyme exhibited laccase-like activity toward 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP), syringaldazine (SGZ), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The highest enzyme activity was recorded at 80 °C and pH 8. BmLMCO showed a half-life of ~ 305, 99, 50, 46, 36, and 20 min at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 °C, respectively. It retained more than 60% of its activity after pre-incubation in the range of pH 5-12 for 60 min. The enzyme activity significantly increased in the presence of 1 mM of Cu2+. Moreover, BmLMCO tolerated various chemicals and showed excellent compatibility with organic solvents. The Michaelis constant (Km) and the maximum velocity (Vmax) values of BmLMCO were 0.98 mM and 93.45 µmol/min, respectively, with 2,6-DMP as the substrate. BmLMCO reduced the antibacterial activity of cefprozil, gentamycin, and erythromycin by 72.3 ± 1.5%, 79.6 ± 6.4%, and 19.7 ± 4.1%, respectively. This is the first revealing shows the recombinant production of laccase-like multicopper oxidase from any B. mojavensis strains, its biochemical properties, and potential for use in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman Adigüzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | | | - Sümeyye Cilmeli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Birgül Mazmancı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erdal Yabalak
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sevde Üstün-Odabaşı
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nisa Gül Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Cartwright BM, Fox SJ, Underdown MJ, Clark WA, Molnar JA. ARAG, an Antioxidant-Rich Gel, Shows Superiority to Mepilex Ag in the Treatment of Deep Partial Thickness Burns without Sacrificing Antimicrobial Efficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1176. [PMID: 37371906 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for deep tissue burns are limited, and most serve only to enhance hydration or prevent bacterial growth. This leaves burn healing dependent on slow natural processes to debride the wound and reestablish the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. Infections are well known to destabilize this process through a variety of mechanisms, most notably through increased inflammation and the resulting oxidative stress. In this study, we show that ARAG (an antioxidant-rich antimicrobial gel) can suppress the growth of multiple bacteria commonly found to infect burns (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). This inhibition is comparable to that conferred by silver ion release from burn dressings such as Mepilex-Ag. We further show, using a porcine model for deep partial-thickness burns, that ARAG allows for enhanced wound healing over Mepilex-Ag, the current standard of care. Histological findings indicate this is likely due to increased wound debridement and dampening of late inflammatory processes, leading to more balanced physiologic healing. Taken together, these findings show promise for ARAG as a superior alternative to the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Michael Cartwright
- ETSU Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Sean James Fox
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Mary Jane Underdown
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - William Andrew Clark
- Department of Rehabilitative Sciences, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Joseph Andrew Molnar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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7
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Lin F, Mao Y, Zhao F, Idris AL, Liu Q, Zou S, Guan X, Huang T. Towards Sustainable Green Adjuvants for Microbial Pesticides: Recent Progress, Upcoming Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020364. [PMID: 36838328 PMCID: PMC9965284 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pesticides can be significantly improved by adjuvants. At present, microbial pesticide formulations are mainly wettable powders and suspension concentrations, which are usually produced with adjuvants such as surfactants, carriers, protective agents, and nutritional adjuvants. Surfactants can improve the tension between liquid pesticides and crop surfaces, resulting in stronger permeability and wettability of the formulations. Carriers are inert components of loaded or diluted pesticides, which can control the release of active components at appropriate times. Protective agents are able to help microorganisms to resist in adverse environments. Nutritional adjuvants are used to provide nutrients for microorganisms in microbial pesticides. Most of the adjuvants used in microbial pesticides still refer to those of chemical pesticides. However, some adjuvants may have harmful effects on non-target organisms and ecological environments. Herein, in order to promote research and improvement of microbial pesticides, the types of microbial pesticide formulations were briefly reviewed, and research progress of adjuvants and their applications in microbial pesticides were highlighted, the challenges and the future perspectives towards sustainable green adjuvants of microbial pesticides were also discussed in this review.
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8
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Vehapi M, İnan B, Kayacan-Cakmakoglu S, Sagdic O, Özçimen D. Production of Bacillus subtilis soil isolate as biocontrol agent under bioreactor conditions. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:52. [PMID: 36600085 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the biomass production of Bacillus subtilis in flask and bioreactor conditions. It is necessary to carry the culture from the shake flask to the pH, air, temperature and stirring controlled bioreactor in order to reduce the working time and increase the production efficiency and product quality. In this study, Bacillus was isolated from soil and grown under flask and bioreactor conditions as biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. In this process, a pH value of 7.5, 100% O2 saturation, 30% dissolved O2, at the temperature of 37 °C, total flow of 0.1 Lmin-1 and mixing speed of 150 min-1 were preferred for optimal concerning high production yield of B. subtilis in bioreactor. To test whether B. subtilis has antifungal activity on the growth of B. cinerea and F. oxysporum, a dual culture assay in a PDA medium was carried out. Ultimately, high biomass production in a short incubation period by reaching 2.2 µg/mL after 9 h in the bioreactor. It was observed that the bacteria produced in the bioreactor cultivation grew stronger and showed high antifungal activity which resulted 33.33% inhibition percentage against B. cinerea. It was concluded that B. subtilis can be used as a green-fungicide against B. cinerea and F. oxysporum, and bacterial metabolites from B. subtilis could pave the way for the development of next generation green/biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyrem Vehapi
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benan İnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Osman Sagdic
- Department of Food Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Özçimen
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kamoun F, Weekers F, Ayed RB, Mechri S, Jabeur F, Thonart P, Jaouadi B. Multiple linear regression models to simulate spore yields of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS13 through optimization of medium composition. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2686-2697. [PMID: 34994000 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a food spoilage spore-forming bacterium. Its spores are useful for multiple biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, few reports are available regarding the achievement of a high cell density and good sporulation effectiveness under fermentation conditions. Therefore, the current study was designed to optimize a low-cost fermentation medium allowing the highest sporulation yield by B. amyloliquefaciens strain BS13. Our data revealed that tryptone and starch were the best carbon and energy sources. In addition, two nitrogen sources namely, corn steep liquor (CSL) and yeast extract (YE), allowed a significant enhancement of spore production and they were both retained for further optimization. A combination of CaCl2 , MgSO4 , and MnSO4 showed a positive impact on spores' production. The composition of the optimized medium was (in g/L); tryptone 3, starch 15, CSL 13.5, YE 1.5, CaCl2 0.1, MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0.012, and MnSO4 ·7H2 O 0.0012. Such medium was further validated in a 400-L fermentor. The spore yield by B. amyloliquefaciens strain BS13 was enhanced from 3.0 × 1010 spores/mL under flask culture conditions to 6.2 × 1010 spores/mL when cultures were performed on large scale. Therefore, strain BS13 spore preparation could be proposed as a promising probiotic and a biocontrol agent useful for plants, animals, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Kamoun
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Rayda Ben Ayed
- Laboratoire de Procédés de Criblage Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Jabeur
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Thonart
- Centre Wallon de Biologie Industrielle, Unité de Technologie Microbienne, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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10
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Wang T, Zhang T, Dai X, Wang W, Wang J. Control strategies for biofilm control in reclaimed water distribution systems from the perspective of microbial antagonism and electrochemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155289. [PMID: 35447190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation in reclaimed water (RW) distribution systems presents significant technical challenges to RW utilization. Two main technologies to control biofilm formation, microbial antagonism (MA) and electrochemical oxidation (EO), are not yet widely used in drip irrigation systems (DIS) and their mechanisms of action need further clarification. In this study, we first showed that the MA and EO treatments reduced biofilm formation by about 62% and 68%, respectively, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content by 14% and 49%, respectively, in biofilms compared with raw RW type 1 (R-RW1) in unused pipes, thus effectively improving the performance of DIS. When MA-RW and EO-RW were applied to already clogged systems, the degree of clogging alleviation varied depending on the severity of the original clogging. We recommend adding the antagonist, Bacillus subtilis, to RW at 25% clogging for the maximum effect and to slow the microbial adaptation process. Compared to MA, the recovery effect of EO was slower initially but lasted longer and had a significantly better alleviating effect on severely clogged pipelines. Illumina Mi-SEQ high-throughput sequencing data showed that both MA and EO resulted in a significant decrease in microbial diversity, dynamic changes in bacterial community structure, and disruption of network interaction and network modularity. Meanwhile, both treatments promoted the growth of specific microorganisms, enhanced the interaction between certain microbial components, and improved the efficiency of information, matter, and energy exchange within the modules. In summary, we verified the dredging effect of two strategies on DIS under different water conditions, revealed the differences in their mechanisms of action, and proposed their application scenarios. Our results will help improve the efficiency of RW in agricultural drip irrigation systems and effectively reduce maintenance costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xingda Dai
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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11
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Optimization of Growth Conditions for the Production of Bacillus subtilis Using Central Composite Design and Its Antagonism Against Pathogenic Fungi. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 15:682-693. [PMID: 35006575 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Today, the enhancement of spore yields of Bacillus subtilis has considerable interest and has been widely investigated. In this context, studies have been carried out to improve the spore yield as well as the production amount. In order to perform this, optimization studies are conducted for large-scale production of B. subtilis in bioreactors. The prokaryotic structure, high extracellular production potential, lack of pathogenic activity, well-known fermentation technology and short fermentation time are the prominent advantages for the production of B. subtilis in a bioreactor. The Bacillus species produce a wide variety of antifungal and antimicrobial compounds, making them ideal biological control agents. In this study, first, the growth conditions of the medium were investigated and then optimized using the central composite design approach to achieve the highest productivity for the growth of B. subtilis. In the experiments, the effect of temperature of 25, 30 and 35 °C and pH level of 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 on spore yield was studied. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the B. subtilis culture was investigated against pathogenic fungi: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus brasiliensis.
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