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Zhang LB, Qiu XG, Qiu TT, Cui Z, Zheng Y, Meng C. A complex metabolic network and its biomarkers regulate laccase production in white-rot fungus Cerrena unicolor 87613. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 38849849 PMCID: PMC11162070 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White-rot fungi are known to naturally produce high quantities of laccase, which exhibit commendable stability and catalytic efficiency. However, their laccase production does not meet the demands for industrial-scale applications. To address this limitation, it is crucial to optimize the conditions for laccase production. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying different conditions remain unclear. This knowledge gap hinders the cost-effective application of laccases. RESULTS In this study, we utilized transcriptomic and metabolomic data to investigate a promising laccase producer, Cerrena unicolor 87613, cultivated with fructose as the carbon source. Our comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) aimed to identify changes in cellular processes that could affect laccase production. As a result, we discovered a complex metabolic network primarily involving carbon metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which exhibited contrasting changes between transcription and metabolic patterns. Within this network, we identified five biomarkers, including succinate, serine, methionine, glutamate and reduced glutathione, that played crucial roles in co-determining laccase production levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposed a complex metabolic network and identified key biomarkers that determine the production level of laccase in the commercially promising Cerrena unicolor 87613. These findings not only shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of carbon sources in laccase production, but also provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing laccase production through strategic reprogramming of metabolic pathways, especially related to the citrate cycle and specific amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Xiu-Gen Qiu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qiu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhou Cui
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chun Meng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
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Chaoua S, Flahaut S, Cornu B, Hiligsmann S, Chaouche NK. Unlocking the potential of Algerian lignocellulosic biomass: exploring indigenous microbial diversity for enhanced enzyme and sugar production. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:277. [PMID: 38789671 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, natural resources like lignocellulosic biomass are gaining more and more attention. This study was conducted to analyse chemical composition of dried and ground samples (500 μm) of various Algerian bioresources including alfa stems (AS), dry palms (DP), olive pomace (OP), pinecones (PC), and tomato waste (TW). AS exhibited the lowest lignin content (3.60 ± 0.60%), but the highest cellulose (58.30 ± 2.06%), and hemicellulose (20.00 ± 3.07%) levels. DP, OP, and PC had around 30% cellulose, and 10% hemicellulose. OP had the highest lignin content (29.00 ± 6.40%), while TW contained (15.70 ± 2.67% cellulose, 13.70 ± 0.002% hemicellulose, and 17.90 ± 4.00% lignin). Among 91 isolated microorganisms, nine were selected for cellulase, xylanase, and/or laccase production. The ability of Bacillus mojavensis to produce laccase and cellulase, as well as B. safensis to produce cellulase and xylanase, is being reported for the first time. In submerged conditions, TW was the most suitable substrate for enzyme production. In this conditions, T. versicolor K1 was the only strain able to produce laccase (4,170 ± 556 U/L). Additionally, Coniocheata hoffmannii P4 exhibited the highest cellulase activity (907.62 ± 26.22 U/L), and B. mojavensis Y3 the highest xylanase activity (612.73 ± 12.73 U/L). T. versicolor K1 culture showed reducing sugars accumulation of 18.87% compared to initial concentrations. Sucrose was the predominant sugar detected by HPLC analysis (13.44 ± 0.02 g/L). Our findings suggest that T. versicolor K1 holds promise for laccase production, while TW represents a suitable substrate for sucrose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Chaoua
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sigrid Flahaut
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Serge Hiligsmann
- Bioengineering Department, CELABOR Research Center, Herve, Belgium
| | - Noreddine Kacem Chaouche
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
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Zhang LB, Qiu TT, Qiu XG, Yang WWJ, Ye XY, Meng C. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis unveils a negative effect of glutathione metabolism on laccase activity in Cerrena unicolor 87613. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0340523. [PMID: 38230929 PMCID: PMC10846260 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03405-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor 87613 has been previously shown to be a promising resource in laccase production, an enzyme with significant biotechnological applications. Conventional methods face technical challenges in improving laccase activity. Attempts are still being made to develop novel approaches for further enhancing laccase activity. This study aimed to understand the regulation of laccase activity in C. unicolor 87613 for a better exploration of the novel approach. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in extracellular laccase activity. The findings indicated a strong correlation between the glutathione metabolism pathway and laccase activity. Subsequently, experimental verifications were conducted by manipulating the pathway using chemical approaches. The additive reduced glutathione (GSH) dose-dependently repressed laccase activity, while the GSH inhibitors (APR-246) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer (H2O2) enhanced laccase activity. Changes in GSH levels could determine the intracellular redox homeostasis in interaction with ROS and partially affect the expression level of laccase genes in C. unicolor 87613 in turn. In addition, GSH synthetase was found to mediate GSH abundance in a feedback loop. This study suggests that laccase activity is negatively influenced by GSH metabolism and provides a theoretical basis for a novel strategy to enhance laccase activity by reprogramming glutathione metabolism at a specific cultivation stage.IMPORTANCEThe production of laccase activity is limited by various conventional approaches, such as heterologous expression, strain screening, and optimization of incubation conditions. There is an urgent need for a new strategy to meet industrial requirements more effectively. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of Cerrena unicolor 87613. For the first time, we discovered a negative role played by reduced glutathione (GSH) and its metabolic pathway in influencing extracellular laccase activity. Furthermore, we identified a feedback loop involving GSH, GSH synthetase gene, and GSH synthetase within this metabolic pathway. These deductions were confirmed through experimental investigations. These findings not only advanced our understanding of laccase activity regulation in its natural producer but also provide a theoretical foundation for a strategy to enhance laccase activity by reprogramming glutathione metabolism at a specific cultivation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Gen Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Wu-Wei-Jie Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
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Shi Q, Tang H, Mei Y, Chen J, Wang X, Liu B, Cai Y, Zhao N, Yang M, Li H. Effects of endogenous capsaicin stress and fermentation time on the microbial succession and flavor compounds of chili paste (a Chinese fermented chili pepper). Food Res Int 2023; 168:112763. [PMID: 37120214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Chili paste, is a popular traditional product derived from chili pepper, and its fermentation system is affected by the variable concentration of capsaicin, which originates from the peppers. In the present study, the effects of capsaicin and fermentation time on the microbial community and flavor compounds of chili paste were investigated. After capsaicin supplementation, the total acid was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) along with lower total bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria. Lactiplantibacillus, Lactobacillus, Weissella, Issatchenkia, Trichoderma, and Pichia were the shared and predominant genera; whereas, the Bacteroides and Kazachstania abundance was significantly increased due to the selection effect of capsaicin over time. Additionally, alterations of the microbial interaction networks and their metabolic preferences led to less lactic acid content with greater accumulation of ethyl nonanoate, methyl nonanoate, etc. This study will provide a perspective for selecting chili pepper varieties and improving the quality of fermented chili paste.
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Impact of Agro-Industrial Side-Streams on Sesquiterpene Production by Submerged Cultured Cerrena unicolor. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030668. [PMID: 36766196 PMCID: PMC9914794 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and harvest of essential oils depend on a large number of factors, most of which are hard to control in an open-field environment. Therefore, Basidiomycota have gained attention as a source for biotechnologically produced terpenoids. The basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor (Cun) was cultivated in submerged culture, and the production of sesquiterpenoids was analyzed via stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), followed by thermo-desorption gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (TDS-GC-MS). Identification of aroma-active sesquiterpenoids was supported by GC, coupled with an olfactory detection port (ODP). Following the ideal of a circular bioeconomy, Cun was submerged (up-scalable) cultivated, and supplemented with a variety of food industrial side-streams. The effects of the different supplementations and of pure fatty acids were evaluated by liquid extraction and analysis of the terpenoids via GC-MS. As sesquiterpenoid production was enhanced by the most by lipid-rich side-streams, a cultivation with 13C-labeled acetate was conducted. Data confirmed that lipid-rich side-streams enhanced the sesquiterpene production through an increased acetyl-CoA pool.
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Unuofin JO, Moloantoa KM, Khetsha ZP. The biobleaching potential of a laccase produced from mandarin peelings: impetus for a circular bio-based economy in textile biofinishing. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenoids Derived from the Tropical Basidiomycetes Perenniporia centrali-africana and Cerrena sp. nov. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185968. [PMID: 36144704 PMCID: PMC9500820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from cultures of the tropical basidiomycetes, Perenniporia centrali-africana (originating from Kenya) and Cerrena sp. nov. (originating from Thailand). A new pereniporin A derivative (1), a new drimane-type sesquiterpene lactam (2), and the new 6,7-Dehydro-isodrimenediol (3) were isolated from P. centrali-africana. In parallel, the two new drimane-type sesquiterpene lactams 5 and 6 were isolated together with known isodrimenediol (4) from Cerrena sp. This is the first report of drimane-type sesquiterpene lactams from basidiomycetes. The structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data, in combination with high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometric (HR-ESIMS) data. The compounds were devoid of significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
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Nutraceutical Enrichment of Animal Feed by Filamentous Fungi Fermentation. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for improvements in animal production, particularly for ruminants, such that more sustainable and efficient processes are developed for obtaining more nutritious and efficient feeds. Filamentous fungi can add value to residual plant biomass, and may also have the potential to produce metabolites and enrich plant biomasses used in animal nutrition, converting them into nutraceutical sources. Thus, in this work, filamentous fungal fermentation of ruminant feed biomasses commonly used in Brazil was performed, and the enrichment for bioactive metabolites was tested. For this, Fistulina hepatica, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Panus lecomtei, and Aspergillus terreus were grown for 28 days on different substrates: starchy grains- (sorghum, oat, and corn), fibrous substrates (coast-cross, rice husk, and moringa plant) and protein-rich substrates (cottonseed cake and pigeon pea plant). Fermented substrates were evaluated for laccase activity, crude protein, β-glucan, and lovastatin content. The highest growth rate was observed for G. lucidum in oat substrate (OT-01) (0.708 ± 0.035 cm/day) and F. hepatica in oat + coast-cross + pigeon pea treatment (OT-10) (0.607 ± 0.012 cm/day). High laccase activity was observed for P. lecomtei grown in starchy grain + moringa + pigeon pea substrate, reaching an activity of 416.8 ± 20.28 U/g. A. terreus growth in ST-09 (sorghum + pigeon pea) showed higher protein (15.3 ± 0.46%), β-glucan (503.56 ± 8.6 mg/g) and lovastatin (1.10 ± 0.17 mg/g) content compared to untreated substrates. These results demonstrate that filamentous fungi are an alternative for nutraceutical enrichment of ruminant feed biomasses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which P. lecomtei and F. hepatica are evaluated for their ability to be cultivated in ruminant feed substrates from Brazil.
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